Green jobs in Asia : achievements, strategies and...

Green Jobs in Asia:Achievements, Strategies and Potentials

Rainer Quitzow, Wu Libo and Klaus Jacob

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1. Economic Transformation, Energy Use and Environmental Degradation in Asia .................... 7( !B!( E=&'=$&.;("&6-*'8&J$%+&%6$=&(3&=&5-H>&%+($%(:6$#((BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB(( K

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2. Towards Green Growth: Strategies and Drivers ......................................................................... 17( LB!( :(U'$&G(-=&'=$&.(-G(H-5$8$&6(+-(H'->-+&(@'&&%(@'-.+<((BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB( !V

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3. Emerging Green Industries and Green Jobs in Asia ................................................................... 30( CB!( A'-@'&66(+-.#'36(>&#6*'$%@(+<&($>H#8+(-G(@'&&%($%3*6+'$&6(#%3(@'&&%(F-26( BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB( CX

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a&6H$+&( +<&6&( 8<#55&%@&6/( :6$#%( 8-*%+'$&6( <#=&( 2&&%( #+( +<&( G-'&G'-%+( -G( +<$6( %&.(H#'#3$@>( G-'(

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P8-%->$8(9'-.+<(Z9'&&%(9'-.+<\(#+(+<&(D+<(R$%$6+&'$#5(Q-%G&'&%8&(-%(P%=$'-%>&%+(#%3(a&=&5-H>&%+($%(

:6$#(#%3(+<&(A#8$G$8B(R-'&-=&'/(+<&(:6$#(#%3(A#8$G$8('&@$-%(5&#36(+<&(3&=&5-H$%@(.-'53($%(+&'>6(-G(@'&&%(

H#+&%+6(#%3(@'&&%(&WH-'+6(Za*+,(m(?<#'>#/(LX!L/(HBS\B

Objectives and Structure of the Report

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$>H-'+#%+(5&=&'#@&6($%(+<&(H-5$+$8#5(3$68-*'6&6($%(+<&6&(8-*%+'$&6B

1. Economic Transformation, Energy Use and Environmental Degradation in Asia

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#%3(H-55*+$-%(#'&(3$68*66&3B

1.1 Overview: Resource-intensive development in Asia

U&+.&&%(!NND(#%3(LXXD/(8-%6*>H+$-%(-G(2$->#66/(G-66$5(G*&56/(>&+#5(-'&6(#%3(8-%6+'*8+$-%(>$%&'#56(

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Figure 1 : The overloading rate of ecological footprint to biocapacity in global regions in 2006

?-*'8&(;(:66-8$#+$-%(-G(:8#3&>$&6(-G(?8$&%8&6($%(:6$#(ZLX!!/(HBLV\

Figure 2 : Premature deaths from PM10 air pollution (per million inhabitants)

?-*'8&(;(EPQa(ZLX!!2/(HBS\

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1.2 Stages of economic transformation and the relocation of production and pollution c entres:

the Flying Geese Paradigm

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Stage 1: Export-oriented strategy;( ?&$,$%@( +<&( -HH-'+*%$+M( -G( &8-%->$8( +'#%6$+$-%( $%( 0&6+&'%(

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&8-%->MB

Stage 2: Heavy industry strategy;(a*'$%@(+<&(6&8-%3(6+#@&/($%(-'3&'(+-(8-%6-5$3#+&(+<&(&8-%->$8(

2#6$6/( +<&( @'#3*#55M( 8#+8<$%@J*H( &8-%->$&6( H*+( >-'&( &>H<#6$6( -%( +<&( 8#H$+#5J$%+&%6$=&( -'( '&6-*'8&(

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Stage 3: Science and technology oriented strategy;(l&W+/($%3*6+'$#5(*H@'#3$%@(#%3($%8'&#6$%@(+<&(6<#'&( -G( =#5*&J#33&3( $%( +<&( H'-3*8+$-%( H'-8&66( 2&8->&6( #( O&M( 8-%8&'%B( :6( #( 6-5*+$-%/(>-'&( G-8*6( $6(

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3&=&5-H>&%+(-G(+<&(+&'+$#'M($%3*6+'M(+#O&6(H5#8&B

?-(G#'/( +<&(G$'6+(#%3(6&8-%3(+$&'(&8-%->$&6(-G(+<&(Y5M$%@(9&&6&(A#'#3$@>/(%#>&5M(7#H#%/(4-'&#/(

?$%@#H-'&/(h-%@(4-%@/(T#$.#%/(<#=&(#5>-6+(8->H5&+&3(+<&(+'#%6G-'>#+$-%(-G(+<&$'($%3*6+'$#5(6+'*8+*'&(#%3(

<#=&('&#8<&3(+<&(>#+*'&(6+#@&B(T#25&(!(3&68'$2&6(<-.(+<$6(2#6$8(+'#%6G-'>#+$-%(H'-8&66(<#6(+#O&%(H5#8&($%(

+<&(4-'&#%(8-%+&W+B

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Table 1: Industrial structure adjustment in the Republic of South Korea

(T<&(3&>#%3(G-'(&%&'@M(#%3(+<&(&%=$'-%>&%+(H-55*+$-%(3$GG&'6(6$@%$G$8#%+5M(3*'$%@(+<&6&(3$GG&'&%+(

6+#@&6( -G( $%3*6+'$#5( '&6+'*8+*'$%@B( [%( @&%&'#5/( #+( +<&( &WH-'+J-'$&%+&3( 6+#@&/( &%&'@M( 3&>#%3( -G( +<&(

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+&8<%-5-@M($%+&%6$=&(#%3(O%-.5&3@&($%+&%6$=&($%3*6+'$&6(.$+<('&5#+$=&5M(5-.(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+M(#%3(H-55*+$-%(

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8-%68$-*6%&66(#%3(+<&(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(>#%#@&>&%+($>H'-=&B([%(-+<&'(.-'36/(+<&('&#3F*6+>&%+(-G($%3*6+'$#5(

6+'*8+*'&(2&+.&&%(&8-%->$&6(G'->(3$GG&'&%+(+$&'6/(%-+(-%5M(>&#%6(+<&(+'#%6G&'(-G(>#%*G#8+*'$%@(8&%+'&6/(

2*+($+(#56-('&H'&6&%+6(#(8-''&6H-%3$%@(6<$G+(-G(&%&'@M(8-%6*>H+$-%(#%3(H-55*+$-%(8&%+'&6B

T#O$%@(+<$6(#6($+6(H-$%+(-G(3&H#'+*'&/(+<&(G-55-.$%@(6&8+$-%('&=$&.6(+'&%36($%(&%&'@M(#%3('&6-*'8&(

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G-5"$$%=& ,662#0+& 7,#,& B"/,& 02& +1-60& 6#2B& $"824#& "5/& <"3-0"$9-50,5+-:,&-5/4+0#%& 02& 0,<152$2>%&"5/&H527$,/>,9-50,5+-:,& -5/4+0#%&"5/& 02&230-B-.,&01,& -5/4+0#-"$& +0#4<04#,?& @5& 01-+& 3,#-2/=& 01,& "402B28-$,=& ,$,<0#25-<+& "5/&+,B-<25/4<02#&+,<02#+&/,:,$23,/&-502&01,&B"-5&-5/4+0#-,+&-5&I2401&J2#,"?&&

!!

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1.3 Linking industrial development to trends in resource consumption

Energy use and C02 emissions

:6( $%3$8#+&3( $%(Y$@*'&(c[[( $%(+<&(#%%&W/(+<&(&%&'@M( $%+&%6$+M(-G(&8-%->$8(#8+$=$+$&6( ZH'&6&%+&3(#6(

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:6$#%(T$@&'6( Z?$%@#H-'&/(h-%@(4-%@/(?-*+<(4-'&#\(3&>-%6+'#+$%@(#>-%@(+<&( 5-.&6+(&%&'@M( $%+&%6$+$&6/(

&6H&8$#55M($%(+<&(VX6(#%3(NX6B(T<&(6<#'H5M(3&8'&#6$%@(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+M($%(Q<$%#('&G5&8+6($+j6(#2-=&(#=&'#@&(

@'-.+<($%(9aAB(Q-%=&'6&5M/(*%+$5(+<&(5#+&(!NNX6/(c$&+%#>(#%3([%3$#(5#@@&3(2&<$%3(+<&('&>#$%$%@(8-*%+'$&6(

2-+<($%(+&'>6(-G(9aA(H&'(*%$+(-G(&%&'@M(*6&(#%3(9aA(H&'(8#H$+#B(R&#%.<$5&(+<&(:?P:l(8-*%+'$&6('&>#$%&3(

6$+*#+&3(2&+.&&%(+<&(T$@&'(&8-%->$&6(#%3(+<&(G-*'+<(+$&'(&8-%->$&6/(#6(.-*53(2&(&WH&8+&3B(h-.&=&'/(

6$%8&(+<&(+*'%(-G(+<&(8&%+*'M(+<&(3M%#>$8(<#6(8<#%@&3(>#'O&35M(.$+<(#(%*>2&'(-G(+<&(>$335&(#%3(5-.&'(

$%8->&(8-*%+'$&6(3&H#'+$%@(G'->(+<&(&WH&8+&3(H#++&'%(Z6&&(Y$@*'&(C\B([+($6($>H-'+#%+(+-(-26&'=&(%-+(-%5M(

8*''&%+(5&=&56(-G(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+M(2*+(+<&(=#'$-*6(+'#F&8+-'$&6(+#O&%(2M(+<&(3$GG&'&%+(8-*%+'$&6B

Figure 3 : Energy use in selected Asian countries (kg oil equivalent per US $ 1000)(constant 2005 PPP)

?-*'8&(;(0-'53(a&=&5-H>&%+([%3$8#+-'6/(0-'53(U#%O

!L

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

Y$'6+5M/(Q<$%#j6(9aA(H&'(8#H$+#(<#6(6*'H#66&3(H&'(8#H$+#(-*+H*+($%([%3-%&6$#(#%3(+<&(A<$5$HH$%&6(#+(

+<&(2&@$%%$%@(-G(+<&(8&%+*'M(#%3(>-'&('&8&%+5M($%(T<#$5#%3/(.<$5&($+6(H&'G-'>#%8&($%(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+M($6(

6+$55(5#@@$%@(2&<$%3B(a&6H$+&(6$@%$G$8#%+($>H'-=&>&%+6/(Q<$%#(Z'&8&%+5M(F-$%&3(2M(c$&+%#>\(6+$55(H'-3*8&6(+<&(

5&#6+(&8-%->$8(-*+H*+(H&'(*%$+(-G(&%&'@M(*6&B([%3$#j6(H&'(8#H$+#(&8-%->$8(-*+H*+/(-%(+<&(-+<&'(<#%3/(<#6(

%-+(M&+(8#*@<+(*H(.$+<(+<#+(-G(+<$'3(+$&'(&8-%->$&6/(3&6H$+&($+6('#H$3(@'-.+<($%('&8&%+(M&#'6B([%6+&#3([%3$#(

<#6(8#*@<+(*H(.$+<(+<&(:?P:l(@'-*H($%(+&'>6(-G(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+MB(R-'&-=&'/($+($6(%-+#25&(+<#+($%(+<&(!NVX6(

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+.-(8-*%+'$&6(.#6(6+$55(-%(H#'B(

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*%3&'H&'G-'>$%@( +<&(-+<&'( +<'&&(&8-%->$&6B(E%5M( +<&(A<$5$HH$%&6(<#6( 6<-.%(6$@%$G$8#%+( $>H'-=&>&%+6/(

'&#8<$%@(+<&(5&=&5(-G(7#H#%($%(LXXNB(Y$%#55M/(.<$5&(7#H#%/(h-%@(4-%@/(?$%@#H-'&(#%3(4-'&#(<#=&(#55('&#8<&3(

<$@<(5&=&56(-G(9aA(H&'(8#H$+#/(+<&$'(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+$&6(6<-.(6$@%$G$8#%+(=#'$#%8&B(7#H#%j6(<#6(6<-.%(>-3&6+(

2*+(G#$'5M(6+&#3M($>H'-=&>&%+(-=&'(+$>&(#%3(<#6(>#$%+#$%&3($+6(H-6$+$-%(#6(-%&(-G(+<&(5&#3&'6($%(&%&'@M(

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+-(+<#+(-G(T<#$5#%3(#%3(R#5#M6$#(Z6&&(Y$@*'&(c[[($%(+<&(#%%&W(G-'(+<&(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+$&6(-G(7#H#%(#%3(+<&(

:6$#%(T$@&'6\B(

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8-*%+'$&6B(P%&'@M(*6&(#6(.&55(#6(QEL(&>$66$-%6(Z6&&(Y$@*'&(c[[[;(A&'(Q#H$+#(QEL(&>$66$-%6\(H&'(8#H$+#($6(+<&(

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#+(65$@<+5M(2&5-.(SXXX(O@(-G(-$5(&^*$=#5&%+6(-'(&=&%(&%+&'&3(#(3&8'&#6$%@(+'&%3/(.<$5&(4-'&#j6(&%&'@M(*6&(

8-%+$%*&6(+-($%8'&#6&(#52&$+(#+(#(>-'&(>-3&6+(H#8&(+<#%(.#6(+<&(8#6&(2&G-'&(+<&(:6$#%(G$%#%8$#5(8'$6$6B([%(

LXXK/( $+('&H5#8&3(?$%@#H-'&(#6(+<&(&8-%->M(.$+<(+<&(<$@<&6+(H&'(8#H$+#(&%&'@M(*6&($%(+<&('&@$-%B(E%5M(

h-%@(4-%@(<#6(2&&%(#25&(+-(6+#2$5$,&($+6(H&'(8#H$+#(&%&'@M(*6&(#+(#(5-.&'(5&=&5/(.<$8<($6(6$>$5#'(+-(+<&(+<$'3(

+$&'(&8-%->$&6B

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-$5(&^*$=#5&%+B(PW8&H+(G-'(+<&(A<$5$HH$%&6/(#55(8-*%+'$&6(#'&(6+$55($%8'&#6$%@(+<&$'(H&'(8#H$+#(&%&'@M(*6&/(.$+<(

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#%($%=&'+&3(_J6<#H&3(+'#F&8+-'MB(:+(5&66(+<#%(SDX(O@(-G(-$5(&^*$=#5&%+6(H&'(8#H$+#($+6(&%&'@M(*6&(+-3#M(<#6(

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Figure 4 : Per capita energy use in selected Asian countries (kg of oil equivalent)

?-*'8&(;(0-'53(a&=&5-H>&%+([%3$8#+-'6/(0-'53(U#%O

Material use

:6(6<-.%($%(Y$@*'&(D/(+<&(+'&%36($%(H&'(8#H$+#(>#+&'$#5(*6&(#%3(>#+&'$#5($%+&%6$+M(2'-#35M(>$''-'(

+<&(3$6+'$2*+$-%(-26&'=&3(G-'(&%&'@M(8-%6*>H+$-%($%(+<&(6&5&8+&3(8-*%+'$&6B((:@#$%(+<&(G$'6+(#%3(6&8-%3(

+$&'(&8-%->$&6(<#=&(+<&(<$@<&6+(8-%6*>H+$-%( 5&=&56/(.<$8<(#'&(.&55(#2-=&(+<&(@5-2#5(#=&'#@&/(3&6H$+&(

<#=$%@( 5-.&'( 5&=&56(-G(>#+&'$#5( $%+&%6$+MB(0$+<(+<&(&W8&H+$-%(-G(R#5#M6$#/(.<$8<(6*'H#66&6(&=&%(4-'&#/(

+<&(+<$'3(+$&'(&8-%->$&6(*6&(-%5M(#2-*+(<#5G(+<&(#>-*%+(-G(>#+&'$#56(H&'(8#H$+#(8->H#'&3(+-(+<&(G$'6+(#%3(

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&8-%->$&6/(.<$5&(+<&(>#+&'$#5(*6&($%(+<&(A<$5$HH$%&6(<#6(3&85$%&3(#%3(%-.(6+#%36(#+(#HH'-W$>#+&5M(+<&(

6#>&(5&=&5(#6($%([%3$#B

!S

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

Figure 5 : Domestic material consumption per capita and material intensityin Asia-Paci!c countries (tons per capita / kg per US$)

?-*'8&(;(_lP?Q:A/(:aU(m(_lPA(ZLX!L/(HBC!bCD\

1.4 The role of country-speci!c development models

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+-( #( 6-8$#5$6+J-'$&%+&3( >#'O&+( &8-%->M/( +<&( G-8*6( 6<$G+&3( +-( #88&5&'#+$%@( &8-%->$8( @'-.+<( =$#( +<&(

H'->-+$-%(-G(>#%*G#8+*'$%@(#%3(#@'$8*5+*'#5(3&=&5-H>&%+B( T<&( '&6*5+6(.&'&( '#H$3(@#$%6( $%( #@'$8*5+*'#5(

H'-3*8+$=$+M(#%3('#H$3/(Ya[J3'$=&%(3&=&5-H>&%+(-G(+<&(>#%*G#8+*'$%@(6&8+-'(Za#H$8&/(LX!!o("#>#/(LXXVo(

c#%/(LX!L\B(T<&( 5#'@&6+( 6<#'&(-G(>#%*G#8+*'$%@( $6(8-%8&%+'#+&3( $%( +<&( G--3(#%3(2&=&'#@&6(6&8+-'(.$+<(

#5>-6+(#(^*#'+&'(-G(>#%*G#8+*'$%@(=#5*&J#33&3(#%3(+&W+$5&6(.$+<(#HH'-W$>#+&5M(!SkB(h$@<&'(=#5*&J#33&3(

#8+$=$+$&6/(5$O&(&5&8+'-%$86(#%3(&^*$H>&%+(>#%*G#8+*'$%@/(-%5M(#88-*%+(G-'(5&66(+<#%(LXk(-G(>#%*G#8+*'$%@(

-*+H*+B(R&#%.<$5&/(&%&'@MJ(#%3(H-55*+$-%J$%+&%6$=&($%3*6+'$&6/(5$O&(2#6$8(>&+#56(-'(+<&(8<&>$8#5(6&8+-'/(#56-(

$%8'&#6&3(+<&$'(-*+H*+(#%3(6+$55('&H'&6&%+(#5>-6+(#(+<$'3(-G($%3*6+'$#5(-*+H*+(Z_l[aE(?+#+$6+$8#5(Q-*%+'M(U'$&G/(

c$&+%#>\B(T<&6&($%3*6+'$&6('&>#$%($%.#'3J-'$&%+&3(#%3(#'&(3->$%#+&3(2M('&5#+$=&5M(*%8->H&+$+$=&(?EP6/(

.<$8</(*%+$5(>-'&('&8&%+(5$2&'#5$,#+$-%(&GG-'+6/(<#=&(&%F-M&3(G#$'5M(<$@<(5&=&56(-G(H'-+&8+$-%(Za#H$8&/(LX!!\B(

Y$%#55M/(>$%$%@(#8+$=$+$&6(#%3(8'*3&(-$5(H'-3*8+$-%(#88-*%+(G-'(>-'&(+<#%(Vk(-G($%3*6+'$#5(-*+H*+(Z_l[aE(

Q-*%+'M(?+#+$6+$8#5(A'-G$5&/(c$&+%#>\B(T<$6(3*#5(&8-%->$8(6+'*8+*'&(<&5H6(&WH5#$%(c$&+%#>j6('&5#+$=&5M(.&#O(

H&'G-'>#%8&($%(+&'>6(-G(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+M(-G(&8-%->$8(#8+$=$+$&6B

:6(+<&6&(2'$&G(8-*%+'M(H'-G$5&6(<#=&(3&>-%6+'#+&3/(#(6&+(-G(2'-#35M(6$>$5#'(3&=&5-H>&%+(+'#F&8+-'$&6(

#%3('&5#+&3(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(8<#55&%@&6(#'&(8-*%+&'J2#5#%8&3(2M(#(%*>2&'(-G(8-*%+'MJ6H&8$G$8(G#8+-'6B(E%&(

$>H-'+#%+(=#'$#+$-%(#8'-66(8-*%+'$&6('&5#+&6(+-(+<&('&5#+$=&(.&$@<+(-G(+<&(>#%*G#8+*'$%@(6&8+-'($%(3'$=$%@(

&8-%->$8(-*+H*+B([%(H#'+$8*5#'(+<&(A<$5$HH$%&6(#%3(+-(#(5&66&'(3&@'&&([%3$#/(.<&'&(&8-%->$8(@'-.+<(<#6(

2&&%(6&'=$8&J5&3/(&%&'@M(#%3('&6-*'8&J$%+&%6$+M($6(5-.&'('&5#+$=&(+-(+<&(5&=&5(-G(&8-%->$8(-*+H*+B(E%(+<&(

-+<&'(<#%3/($%([%3$#(+<$6($6(8-*H5&3(.$+<(<$@<(5&=&56(-G(6&8+-'#5(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+M($%($%3*6+'M/(>#O$%@($+(#%(

$>H-'+#%+(8<#55&%@&(G-'(2#5#%8$%@(G*+*'&(&8-%->$8(@'-.+<(.$+<(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(8-%6$3&'#+$-%6B(:%-+<&'(

O&M( G#8+-'( '&5#+&6( +-( +<&(#=#$5#2$5$+M(-G(%#+*'#5( '&6-*'8&6B(h&'&( [%3-%&6$#( 6+#%36(-*+B(a*&( +-( $+6( '&5#+$=&(

.&#5+<( $%(H&+'-5&*>/(>$%&'#56(#%3(G-'&6+'M('&6&'=&6/(+<&(8-*%+'M(<#6(H*'6*&3(#(3&=&5-H>&%+(+'#F&8+-'M/(

.<$8<(H5#8&6(<&#=M(&>H<#6$6(-%(+<&(&WH5-$+#+$-%(-G(+<&6&(%#+*'#5('&6-*'8&6B("&3*8$%@(3&G-'&6+#+$-%(#%3(

G-66$5(G*&5(8-%6*>H+$-%(+<*6(H'&6&%+(#(H#'+$8*5#'(8<#55&%@&($%(+<&(8-*%+'MB(

2. Towards Green Growth: Strategies and Drivers

a$GG&'&%+( 5&=&56(-G(&8-%->$8(3&=&5-H>&%+(#6(.&55(#6(+<&(8-*%+'MJ6H&8$G$8(G#8+-'6(-*+5$%&3($%(+<&(

H'&=$-*6(6&8+$-%(H5#8&6(&#8<(-G(+<&(6&5&8+&3(8-*%+'$&6(2&G-'&(#(*%$^*&(6&+(-G(-HH-'+*%$+$&6(#%3(8<#55&%@&6(

G-'( @'&&%$%@( $+6( &8-%->$8( 3&=&5-H>&%+( H#+<B( a&6H$+&( +<&6&( 3$GG&'&%8&6/( +<&( @-#5( -G( @'&&%( &8-%->$8(

3&=&5-H>&%+( <#6( 2&&%( +#O&%( *H( 2M( @-=&'%>&%+6( $%( #55( +<&( 6&5&8+&3( 8-*%+'$&6B( T<&( G-55-.$%@( 6&8+$-%(

H'-=$3&6(#%(-=&'=$&.(-G(+<&(=#'$-*6(6+'#+&@$&6(+-(H'->-+&(@'&&%(&8-%->$8(3&=&5-H>&%+($%(+<&(6&5&8+&3(

8-*%+'$&6(#%3(3$68*66&6(H-66$25&(3'$=&'6(G-'(+<&(8<-6&%(#HH'-#8<&6B(T<&(6&8+$-%(2&@$%6(.$+<(#(2'$&G(-=&'=$&.(

'&@#'3$%@( +<&( 6+#+&( -G( H-5$8$&6( +-( H'->-+&( @'&&%( @'-.+</( $%( H#'+$8*5#'( 85$>#+&( #%3( '&%&.#25&( &%&'@M(

H-5$8$&6B(Y-55-.$%@(+<$6/( +<&(O&M(H-5$8M(3'$=&'6( G-'(@'&&%(@'-.+<(6+'#+&@$&6( $%( +<&('&@$-%(#'&(H'&6&%+&3/(

&WH5-'$%@( 5$%O#@&6( +-( 8-*%+'MJ6H&8$G$8( G#8+-'6/( 6*8<( #6( %#+*'#5( '&6-*'8&( &%3-.>&%+6/( 3&=&5-H>&%+(

6+'#+&@$&6(#%3(5&=&5(-G(&8-%->$8(3&=&5-H>&%+B(

!V

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

2.1 A Brief overview of policies to promote green growth

:>-%@( +<&( 6&5&8+&3(8-*%+'$&6/(4-'&#(<#6(2&&%(#+( +<&( G-'&G'-%+(-G(3&=&5-H$%@(#(@'&&%(@'-.+<(

6+'#+&@M/(.<$8<(8-''&6H-%36(+-($+6(5&#3&'6<$H(H-6$+$-%($%(+&'>6(-G(&8-%->$8(3&=&5-H>&%+(#%3(+&8<%-5-@$8#5(

6-H<$6+$8#+$-%B([+(<#6(%-+(-%5M(5#*%8<&3($+6(l#+$-%#5(?+'#+&@M(G-'(9'&&%(9'-.+<(G-'(LXXN(+-(LXDX(#%3($+6(

8-''&6H-%3$%@(Y$=&(n&#'(A5#%(G-'(9'&&%(9'-.+<(ZLXXN(g(LX!C\/(2*+($+(<#6(2&&%($%6+'*>&%+#5(#+(H'->-+$%@(

+<&( 3$68*66$-%( -%( @'&&%( @'-.+<( #+( +<&( $%+&'%#+$-%#5( 5&=&5B( [+( <#6( 5#*%8<&3( +<&(95-2#5( 9'&&%(9'-.+<(

[%6+$+*+&( .$+<( +<&( H#'+$8$H#+$-%( #%3( 6*HH-'+( -G( #( 3$=&'6&( 6&+( -G( @-=&'%>&%+#5( #%3( %-%J@-=&'%>&%+#5(

6+#O&<-53&'6/(#%3($+(<#6(H5#M&3(#%($>H-'+#%+('-5&(#+(+<&('&@$-%#5(#%3(@5-2#5(5&=&5($%(&6+#25$6<$%@(=#'$-*6(

>*5+$5#+&'#5($%$+$#+$=&6(-%(@'&&%(@'-.+<B(

:>-%@( +<&( -+<&'( 6&5&8+&3( 8-*%+'$&6/( -%5M( c$&+%#>( #%3( [%3-%&6$#( <#=&( 5#*%8<&3( 3&3$8#+&3(

%#+$-%#5( @'&&%( @'-.+<( 6+'#+&@$&6B( [%( 2-+<( 8#6&6/( +<&6&( #'&( 85-6&5M( #5$@%&3(.$+<( +<&( 8-*%+'$&6j( 85$>#+&(

8<#%@&(6+'#+&@$&6(#%3(#'&(8--'3$%#+&3(2M(+<&('&5#+&3($%6+$+*+$-%#5(#''#%@&>&%+6/($B&B(c$&+%#>j6(l#+$-%#5(

Q->>$++&&(-%(Q5$>#+&(Q<#%@&(#%3([%3-%&6$#j6(l#+$-%#5(Q-*%8$5(-%(Q5$>#+&(Q<#%@&B([%(4-'&#/(.<$8<(<#6(

%-+(8'&#+&3(#(6&H#'#+&(85$>#+&(6+'#+&@M(-'(8-*%8$5/(+<&(6+'#+&@M($6(-=&'6&&%(2M(+<&(A'&6$3&%+$#5(Q->>$++&&(

-%(9'&&%(9'-.+<B(:6(6*8</(4-'&#($6(+<&(-%5M(8-*%+'M(.<&'&(H-5$8$&6(#33'&66$%@(85$>#+&(8<#%@&(#'&(G*55M(

$%+&@'#+&3( $%+-( +<&( 8-*%+'Mj6( @'&&%(@'-.+<( 6+'#+&@MB( T<&( '&>#$%$%@( 8-*%+'$&6(<#=&( #55( 8'&#+&3( 85$>#+&(

8<#%@&(6+'#+&@$&6(-'(H'-@'#>6B(R-'&-=&'/(.$+<(+<&(&W8&H+$-%(-G(+<&(A<$5$HH$%&6(#55(+<&(6&5&8+&3(8-*%+'$&6(

<#=&( G-'>*5#+&3( &>$66$-%( '&3*8+$-%( -'( -+<&'( 85$>#+&( 8<#%@&J'&5#+&3( +#'@&+6B( T<&6&( >#$%5M( '&G&'( +-(

'&3*8+$-%6($%(&%&'@M($%+&%6$+M(-'(&>$66$-%('&3*8+$-%6($%('&G&'&%8&(+-(#(2*6$%&66J#6J*6*#5(ZU:_\(68&%#'$-B(

E%5M(c$&+%#>(<#6(8->>$++&3(+-(#(%&+('&3*8+$-%(-G(@'&&%<-*6&(@#6(&>$66$-%6(Z6&&(T#25&(L\B

Table 2: Climate change-related targets in the selected countries

[%(#33$+$-%/(#55( +<&(6&5&8+&3(8-*%+'$&6(<#=&(&>2#'O&3(-%(6->&(G-'>(-G('&%&.#25&(&%&'@M(H-5$8M(

#%3(<#=&($>H5&>&%+&3(8-''&6H-%3$%@($%6+'*>&%+6/(6*8<(#6(G&&3J$%(+#'$GG6/(^*-+#(6M6+&>6(-'(-+<&'(+MH&6(-G(

$%=&6+>&%+($%8&%+$=&6(Z6&&(T#25&(C\B([%(>-6+(8-*%+'$&6/(+<&6&(H-5$8M($%6+'*>&%+6(#'&(&>2&33&3($%(#(6+'#+&@$8(

H5#%(#$>&3(#+(3&=&5-H$%@( '&%&.#25&(&%&'@MB( [%3$#( $6( +<&(-%5M(8-*%+'M(.$+<(#(>$%$6+'M(3&3$8#+&3( +-( +<&(

3&=&5-H>&%+(-G(%&.(#%3('&%&.#25&(&%&'@M/(.<$8<($6(#56-('&6H-%6$25&(G-'(+<&(?+'#+&@$8(A5#%(G-'(+<&(9'-.+<(

!"#$%& '$(#%& )*+,%& '$(*$,-#%&!"#$%&'()*!)+!&,-.)*!(*'#*/('0!.0!123!,*$!#*#-40!(*'#*/('0!.0!153!.0!67189!"#$%&'()*!)+!&,-.)*!(*'#*/('0!.0!:7;:8!3!.0!6767!!

!"#$%&'()*!)+!#*#-40!(*'#*/('0!.0!67;683!(*!6767!)<#-!'=#!6778!>#<#>/&

!"#$%&'()*!)+!4-##*=)%/#!4,/!#?(//()*/!@73!.#>)A!BCD!.0!6767!

!"#$%&'()*!)+!4-##*=)%/#!4,/!#?(//()*/!.0!653!.#>)A!BCD!.0!67679!:13!A('=!(*'#-*,'()*,>!,//(/',*&#!

."%#/%$(& 0#,1$%2& 3"#/#44#$,-& &

!"#$%&'()*!)+!#*#-40!(*'#*/('0!.0!683!+-)?!6778!')!67@7! &

!"#$%&#!4-##*=)%/#!4,/!(*'#*/('0!.0 !17;183!.0!67679"#$%&#!4-##*=)%/#!4,/!#?(//()*/!.0!6!!!!!!;@3!E#-!0#,-!%*'(>!67@7!!

!F)!',-4#'!

!

!

!N

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

-G("&%&.#25&(P%&'@MB([%(Q<$%#/(+<&(a&=&5-H>&%+(A5#%(G-'("&%&.#25&(P%&'@M/(H*25$6<&3(2M(+<&(l#+$-%#5(

P%&'@M(:3>$%$6+'#+$-%/($6(&>2&33&3($%(+<&(H5#%%$%@(H'-8&66(G-'(+<&(!L+<(Y$=&Jn&#'(A5#%(A&'$-3B(?$>$5#'5M/(

+<&(T<#$(&%&'@M(>$%$6+'M(<#6(3&=&5-H&3($+6(:5+&'%#+$=&(P%&'@M(a&=&5-H>&%+(A5#%/(#%3(+<&("&%&.#25&(P%&'@M(

R#%#@&>&%+(U*'&#*(.$+<$%(+<&(Y$5$H$%-(a&H#'+>&%+(-G(P%&'@M($6(-=&'6&&$%@(#(l#+$-%#5("&%&.#25&(P%&'@M(

A'-@'#>B([%(4-'&#/(+<&(R$%$6+'M(-G(4%-.5&3@&(P8-%->M($6('&6H-%6$25&(G-'(+<&(C'3(U#6$8(A5#%(G-'(l&.(#%3(

"&%&.#25&(P%&'@M(T&8<%-5-@M(a&=&5-H>&%+(#%3(_6#@&ba$6+'$2*+$-%B(c$&+%#>(#%3([%3-%&6$#(3-(%-+(<#=&(#(

8*''&%+(6+'#+&@M(G-'('&%&.#25&(&%&'@M(3&=&5-H>&%+B([%(c$&+%#>/(#(3'#G+(l#+$-%#5(R#6+&'(A5#%(G-'("&%&.#25&(

P%&'@M(.#6(3&=&5-H&3($%(LXXN/(2*+(<#6(%-+(2&&%(#HH'-=&3(2M(+<&(A'$>&(R$%$6+&'B

:6(+<&(G$@*'&6($%(T#25&(C($%3$8#+&/(+<&'&($6(#(6$@%$G$8#%+(3&@'&&(-G(=#'$#+$-%(#8'-66(+<&(8-*%+'$&6/(2-+<(

$%(+&'>6(-G(H'-@'&66(#%3(+#'@&+6B(?$>$5#'5M/(+<&(6<#'&(-G(3$GG&'&%+('&%&.#25&(6-*'8&6(3$GG&'6(G'->(8-*%+'M(+-(

8-*%+'M/(#(H-$%+(.<$8<($6(+#O&%(*H(2&5-.B

Table 3: Overview of Renewable Energy Policies and Status

!"#$%&'"()"*+,"-$./"()"012"34"56(7$6"8/$/9%"0&:(;/"3<43"=01234>"3<43?@"A$;B&/%"C$D"E$;D"F)"%.(:&>"&@B@"C$D"F).69'&"(;"&G.69'&"HD';(":(I&;@"J"8/$/&"*(9).F6"KHF/&"L$:&;"()"1)&;BD"L(6F.D"=8/$/&"*(9).F6"(-"/H&"L0*>"3<43?M"JJ"L;&%F'&)/F$6"*(CCF%%F()"()"5;&&)"5;(I/H"=3<<N?"2$/F()$6"5;&&)"5;(I/H"8/;$/&BD"$)'"OFE&"P&$;"L6$)"

"

LX

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

2.2 Green growth as a strategy for attaining technological leadership and sustaining export-

led growth

[%(Q<$%#(#%3(4-'&#/(H-5$8$&6(+-(H'->-+&(@'&&%(&8-%->$8(3&=&5-H>&%+(#'&(6+'-%@5M($%+&'+.$%&3(.$+<(

+<&(8-*%+'$&6j($%%-=#+$-%(#%3($%3*6+'$#5(H-5$8$&6B(9'&&%(+&8<%-5-@$&6(<#=&(2&&%($3&%+$G$&3(#6(6+'#+&@$8#55M(

$>H-'+#%+( $%3*6+'$&6/( $%(.<$8<( +<&6&( 8-*%+'$&6( #$>( +-( 8#H+*'&( 5&#3&'6<$H( H-6$+$-%6B( [%( 2-+<( 8-*%+'$&6/(

@'&&%(@'-.+<( $6/( +<&'&G-'&/( H#'+5M( #( 8-%+$%*#+$-%( -G( +<&$'( &WH-'+J-'$&%+&3(3&=&5-H>&%+( 6+'#+&@$&6( #%3(

2*$536(-%(#>2$+$-*6(@-#56($%(+<&(3&=&5-H>&%+(-G(+<&$'(+&8<%-5-@$8#5(8#H#2$5$+$&6B

[%(4-'&#/(+<&(e8'&#+$-%(-G(%&.(@'-.+<(&%@$%&6f($6(-%&(-G(+<&(+<'&&(8-'&(H$55#'6(-G(+<&(8-*%+'Mj6(

l#+$-%#5( ?+'#+&@M( G-'( 1-.(Q#'2-%(#%3(9'&&%(9'-.+<( G-'( +<&(H&'$-3(-G(LXXN( +-(LXDXB( T<$6( 5-%@( +&'>(

6+'#+&@M($6(8->H5&>&%+&3(2M(#(8-''&6H-%3$%@(Y$=&Jn&#'(A5#%(G-'(LXXN(+-(LX!C/(#%($>H-'+#%+(3&=&5-H>&%+J

&'#($%3*6+'$#5(H-5$8M(+--5/(.<$8<(<#6(2&&%('&=$=&3($%(+<$6(8-%+&W+B(T<&(H5#%(<#6($%8-'H-'#+&3(+<&(@-=&'%>&%+j6(

?+'#+&@M(G-'(l&.(9'-.+<(P%@$%&6(5#*%8<&3($%(7#%*#'M(LXXN(#%3(+#'@&+6(LK(e8-'&(+&8<%-5-@$&6f/(G-'(.<$8<(

$+(&#'>#'O6(`L(2$55$-%(G-'("ma(#%3(8->>&'8$#5$,#+$-%(ZA'&6$3&%+$#5(Q->>$66$-%(-%(9'&&%(9'-.+</(LXXN\B(

R-'&-=&'/(#6($%3$8#+&3(#2-=&/(+<&(8-*%+'Mj6(U#6$8(A5#%(G-'(l&.(#%3("&%&.#25&(P%&'@M($6(5&3(2M(+<&(R$%$6+'M(

-G(4%-.5&3@&(P8-%->M(#%3(6&+6(%-+(-%5M(3&H5-M>&%+(+#'@&+6/(2*+(#56-($%85*3&6(+<&(@-#5(-G(#++#$%$%@(!Dk(

@5-2#5(>#'O&+(6<#'&(#%3(_?`CI/L(2$55$-%($%(&WH-'+6(2M(LX!D(Z[%=&6+(4-'&#/(LX!C\B

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2.3 Renewable energies and energy ef!ciency as instruments to enhance Energy Security

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2.4 Economic potentials and availability of natural resource help shape renewable energy policy

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Figure 6 : Installed capacity of renewable energy by source, 2011

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Figure 7 : Renewable energy potential by 2030 in selected Asian countries

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2.5 Fiscal incentives for green growth strategies

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2.6 (International) Climate policy as a driver of green growth strategies

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2.7 International climate !nance as an incentive for green growth strategies

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2.8 Green growth as a driver of traditional environmental policy?

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3. Emerging Green Industries and Green Jobs in Asia

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3.1 Progress towards measuring the impact of green industries and green jobs

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[%(9&'>#%M/(.<$8<(#88-*%+6(G-'(!Dk(-G(+<&(>#'O&+/(+<$6(+'#%65#+&3($%+-(#HH'-W$>#+&5M(!/S(>$55$-%(@'&&%(

F-26B(:( '&H-'+( -%( 1-.JQ#'2-%( P%=$'-%>&%+#5(9--36( #%3( ?&'=$8&6( Z1QP9?\( 8->>$66$-%&3( 2M( +<&(_4j6(

a&H#'+>&%+( G-'(U*6$%&66/( [%%-=#+$-%(#%3(?O$55( ZU[?\( +#O&6( #(2'-#3&'(3&G$%$+$-%/( $%85*3$%@(#>-%@(-+<&'(

+<$%@6(%*85&#'(&%&'@M(#%3(8#'2-%(G$%#%8&(Za&H#'+>&%+(-G(U*6$%&66([%%-=#+$-%(#%3(?O$556/(LX!L\B(_6$%@(+<$6(

2'-#3(3&G$%$+$-%/($+(&6+$>#+&6(+<&(.-'53(>#'O&+(G-'(1QP9?(#+(dC/C(+'$55$-%($%(LX!Xb!!(-'(#HH'-W$>#+&5M(Vk(

-G(@5-2#5(9aAB(Y-'(+<&(_4/(6#5&6(#'&(&6+$>#+&3(#+(d!LL(2$55$-%/(.<$8<(+'#%65#+&6($%+-(85-6&(+-(-%&(>$55$-%(

1QP9?(F-26B(

3.2 Green industries and green jobs in Asia

T<&(_4j6(6+*3M(#56-(H'-=$3&6('&@$-%#5(#%3(8-*%+'MJ5&=&5(&6+$>#+&6(-G(1QP9?(6#5&6B(:88-'3$%@(+-(

+<&6&(&6+$>#+&6/(:6$#%(8-*%+'$&6('&H'&6&%+(CVk(-G(+<&(.-'53(>#'O&+/(+<*6(@&%&'#+$%@(+<&(5#'@&6+(6<#'&(

-G(@5-2#5(1QP9?(6#5&6(Z6&&(Y$@*'&(V;(?<#'&(-G(1-.JQ#'2-%(P%=$'-%>&%+#5(9--36(#%3(?&'=$8&6(?#5&6(2M(

"&@$-%\B(Q<$%#(.$+<(!C/!k(#%3([%3$#(.$+<(I/Lk(-G(+<&(@5-2#5(>#'O&+(#'&('#%O&3(L%3(#%3(S+<($%(+&'>6(-G(

-=&'#55(6#5&6B(?-*+<(4-'&#(Z!S+<\/([%3-%&6$#(Z!D+<\/(T<#$5#%3(ZLX+<\/(+<&(A<$5$HH$%&6(ZLD+<\(#%3(c$&+%#>(ZCC'3\(

#'&(#56-(#>-%@(+<&(+-H(DX(8-*%+'$&6(Z6&&(+#25&([($%(+<&(:%%&W\B(T<&(1QP9?(6&8+-'(#6(6<#'&(-G(%#+$-%#5(

9aA($%(+<&(6&5&8+&3(8-*%+'$&6($6(&^*#5(+-(-'(#2-=&(+<&(.-'53(#=&'#@&/('#%@$%@(G'->(Vk($%(4-'&#(+-(L!k(

$%(c$&+%#>B

Figure 8 : Share of low-carbon environmental goods and services sales by region

CL

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

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6&8+-'/(G-'(.<$8<('&@$-%#5(#%3(8-*%+'MJ6H&8$G$8($%=&6+>&%+(3#+#($6(#=#$5#25&B(:6(Y$@*'&(N(3&>-%6+'#+&6/(

+<&(6&8+-'($6(6+$55(3->$%#+&3(2M(P*'-H&/(.<$8<(#88-*%+&3(G-'(-=&'(-%&(+<$'3(-G(@5-2#5($%=&6+>&%+(&^*#5(

+-(_?`!X!(2$55$-%($%(LX!!B(T<$6($6(G-55-.&3(2M(:6$#(.$+<(_?`VD(2$55$-%B(T<&(2*5O(-G(+<$6($%=&6+>&%+(.&%+(

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+<&(_?:/(7#H#%(#%3([+#5M(8->2$%&3(Z6&&(T#25&(S\B

Figure 9 : Global new investment in renewable energy by region (2011, US$ billion)

?-*'8&(;(_lPA(&+(#5BZLX!L\

CC

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

Figure 10 : Total VC/PE, public markets and asset !nance investment in renewable energy in non-OECD Asia excluding China and India (2011, US$ billion)

?-*'8&(;(_lPA(&+(#5BZLX!L\

Table 4: Estimated employment in the PV sector in selected countries, 2011

?-*'8&(;(_lPA(&+(#5BZLX!L\

CS

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

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6+*3Mj6(8#58*5#+$-%6B

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3#+#( +-(&%#25&( 8->H#'$6-%6(#8'-66( 8-*%+'$&6B(R-'&-=&'/( +-( &%#25&( #(>&#%$%@G*5( #%#5M6$6(-G( &8-%->$8(

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6&8+-'6(+<#+(#'&(2&$%@(3$6H5#8&3(2M(@'&&%($%3*6+'$&6(.-*53(2&(%&&3&3B(?*8<(G$@*'&6(>$@<+(6&'=&(#6($%H*+6(

G-'(+<&(3&=&5-H>&%+(-G(6-8$#55M(6*6+#$%#25&(@'&&%(@'-.+<(6+'#+&@$&6B(

Table 5: Estimated employment in the renewable energy sector,selected countries and world, 2006

(

CD

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

?-*'8&(;(_lPA(&+(#5BZLXXV\

4. Conclusions and Policy Implications

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+<&(+'#3$+$-%#5(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(H-5$8M(#@&%3#(6+$55(G#8&6(6&=&'&(8<#55&%@&6B(T<&(&>&'@$%@(3$68-*'6&(-%(@'&&%(

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@'&&%$%@(-G(:6$#%(&8-%->$&6B(:@#$%6+(+<$6(2#8O3'-H(#(%*>2&'(-G(H-5$8M(-H+$-%6(8-*53(2&(&WH5-'&3B(

4.1 Ensuring the integration of traditional environmental policy in green growth strategies

:6( +<&( '&H-'+( <#6( #'@*&3/( $%8'&#6$%@( Z$%+&'%#+$-%#5\( '&6-*'8&6( #'&( 2&$%@( $%=&6+&3( $%( 2*$53$%@(

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#++&%+$-%(2&$%@(H#$3(+-(+'#3$+$-%#5(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(H-5$8M($66*&6B(:%(&GG-'+(6<-*53/(+<&'&G-'&/(2&(>#3&(+-(

&%6*'&(+<#+(+'#3$+$-%#5(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(8<#55&%@&6(#56-('&8&$=&(+<&(#++&%+$-%(+<#+(+<&M(3&6&'=&B( [%(>#%M(

8#6&6/(#33'&66$%@(+'#3$+$-%#5(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(8<#55&%@&6(J( 5$O&(#$'(#%3(.#+&'(H-55*+$-%/(6-$5(3&@'#3#+$-%/(

&+8B( g(.$55( #56-(2'$%@( $>H-'+#%+( &8-%->$8(2&%&G$+6B( [%( #( '&8&%+( '&H-'+( H*25$6<&3( F-$%+5M( 2M( +<&(0-'53(

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Y$@*'&(!!\B

CI

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

Figure 11 : The Costs of Environmental Degradation in Selected Countries

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2*+(#56-(#(Z5$>$+&3\(%*>2&'(-G(#33$+$-%#5(H'-3*8+6B([%(6->&(8#6&6/(-%(+<&(-+<&'(<#%3/(85$>#+&(8<#%@&(

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2&( #88->H#%$&3( 2M( H-+&%+$#55M( %&@#+$=&( 6$3&( &GG&8+6B( Y-'( $%6+#%8&/( 5-.J8#'2-%( +&8<%-5-@$&6( >#M(

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@'&&%(@'-.+<(6+'#+&@$&6B(

4.2 Strengthening the institutional framework for environmental protection

:33'&66$%@(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(H'-25&>6(8#%%-+(2&(&WH&8+&3(G'->(>#'O&+(G-'8&6(#%3(>#'O&+J-'$&%+&3(

H-5$8$&6( #5-%&/( 2*+( $+( '&^*$'&6( '-2*6+( &%=$'-%>&%+#5( '&@*5#+$-%6( #%3( H-5$8M( $%+&@'#+$-%B( P%=$'-%>&%+#5(

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6+'-%@(&%=$'-%>&%+(>$%$6+'$&6(#%3($>H5&>&%+$%@(#@&%8$&6(&66&%+$#5B(Y*'+<&'>-'&/(+-(2&(&GG&8+$=&(3'$=&'6(-G(

&%=$'-%>&%+#5($%%-=#+$-%/(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(H-5$8$&6('&^*$'&(8->H5&>&%+#'M(6&8+-'#5(H-5$8$&6B(T-(&%6*'&(+<&(

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#@&%3#(-'(.<&+<&'(85$>#+&(H-5$8M(<#6($%(G#8+(G*'+<&'(>#'@$%#5$,&3(&%=$'-%>&%+#5($66*&6(.$+<$%(&%=$'-%>&%+(

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H'-+&8+$-%(#%3(@'&&%(@'-.+<(>$@<+(2&(&WH5-'&3B(

4.3 Leveraging !scal incentives for green growth

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6*26$3$&6/(.<$8<(%-+(-%5M(H'->-+&(&W8&66$=&(8-%6*>H+$-%(-G( G-66$5( G*&5( '&6-*'8&6(2*+(#56-( '&H'&6&%+(#(

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-+<&'(8-*%+'$&6(+-(G-55-.(6*$+B(

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4.4 Measuring progress towards a green economy

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4.5 Enabling domestic markets for (cost-effective) environmental innovations

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4.6 Supporting decent green jobs and a just transition to sustainability

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.&55(#6(@-=&'%>&%+6(Z&B@B(+<&(Y'#%O(a-33(#8+(-'(+<&(0PPP(3$'&8+$=&\B("&@#'35&66(-G(+<&(H#'+$8*5#'(6H-%6-'/(

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+-(2&(6*88&66G*5B(R-'&-=&'/(+-(2&(&GG&8+$=&/( $+( $6( $>H-'+#%+(+-(6*HH-'+(H'-@'&66$=&($>H'-=&>&%+6('#+<&'(

+<#%( G$W&3(2&%8<>#'O6/(.<$8<(>$@<+(-+<&'.$6&( G*%8+$-%(#6(%-%J+#'$GG( 2#''$&'6( +-( +'#3&( G-'(3&=&5-H$%@(

8-*%+'$&6B(R-'&-=&'/( $G( 6+#%3#'36(#'&( $>H5&>&%+&3(6-(+<#+( +<&M(#%+$8$H#+&('&@*5#+-'M(+'&%36/( +<&M(>#M(

8-%G&'(&#'5M(>-=&'(#3=#%+#@&6(+-(H#'+$8$H#+$%@(G$'>6(ZA-'+&'(m(1$%3&/(!NND\B

4.7 Entry points for international dialogue

T<&( H-5$8M( -H+$-%6( #6( -*+5$%&3( #2-=&( 8#%( 2&( 5$%O&3(.$+<( -%@-$%@( #%3( &=-5=$%@( 3$68-*'6&6( -%(

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3$68-*'6&6( #%3( '&5#+&3( #8+-'6(.-*53( 2&( '&^*$'&3B(l&=&'+<&5&66/( #( %*>2&'( -G( H-66$25&( &%+'M( H-$%+6( G-'(

3$#5-@*&(8#%(2&($3&%+$G$&3;

T<&( @5-2#5( &8-%->$8( #%3( G$%#%8$#5( 8'$6$6( <#6( 6+'-%@5M( 8<#55&%@&3( :6$#j6( +'#3$+$-%#5( '-5&( #6( #%(

&WH-'+&'(-G(>#%*G#8+*'&3(@--36(G-'(0&6+&'%(P*'-H&/(7#H#%(#%3(+<&(_?B([+(<#6('&=&#5&3(+<&(-=&'#55(G'#@$5$+M(

-G(+<&(@5-2#5(&8-%->$8(6M6+&>(#%3($+6(-=&'J'&5$#%8&(-%(+<&(_?(#6(+<&(>#$%(6-*'8&(-G(@5-2#5(8-%6*>&'(

3&>#%3B([%(+<$6(8-%+&W+/(#('&J-'$&%+#+$-%(-G(:6$#%(&8-%->$&6(+-.#'36(+<&$'('&@$-%#5(#%3(3->&6+$8(>#'O&+6(

$6( #%( -HH-'+*%$+MB( [G( 5$%O&3( +-( #( H#'#3$@>( -G( G'*@#5( $%%-=#+$-%( #%3( #( =$6$-%( -G( @'&&%( #%3( '&6-*'8&J

&GG$8$&%+(&8-%->$8(3&=&5-H>&%+/( +<$6( 8-*53( '&6*5+( $%( '&6-*'8&(&GG$8$&%+(H'-3*8+6( G-'( 5-8#5( 8-%6*>H+$-%(

#%3(*5+$>#+&5M(#56-(%&.(&WH-'+(-HH-'+*%$+$&6B(?*8<(#('&-'$&%+#+$-%(>#M(#56-(#55&=$#+&(8-%8&'%6('&@#'3$%@(

@'&&%(H'-+&8+$-%$6>(2M(0&6+&'%(8-*%+'$&6B(

SX

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T<&( &8-%->$8( 8'$6$6( $6( <#=$%@( 8-%6$3&'#25&( $>H#8+6( -%( H*25$8( 2*3@&+6B( [%( 5-.J$%8->&( :6$#%(

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[%(#(%*>2&'(-G(:6$#%(8-*%+'$&6/(+<&(G-'>#5$6#+$-%(-G(&>H5-M>&%+($6(-%5M(#+(#(2&@$%%$%@/(#%3(+<$6(>#M(2&(

#%(-HH-'+*%$+M(+-( 5$%O(+<&(#@&%3#6(-G(@'&&%( F-26(.$+<(+<&$'(6H&8$G$8('&^*$'&>&%+6(G-'(^*#5$G$8#+$-%(#%3(

+<&(8-%8&H+(-G(3&8&%+(F-26B(T<$6(.-*53($>H5M(%-+(-%5M(5$%O$%@(&%=$'-%>&%+#5(H-5$8$&6(.$+<($%3*6+'$#5(#%3(

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&>H5-M&&6B(

S!

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Annex

Figure I : The costs of environmental degradation in selected countries

?-*'8&(;(_lPA(ZLX!!/(HBII\

Figure II : The percentage of industrial value added in GDP between Asia and the world

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SL

"#$%&'()*$+,-./(0*(1$2-(#%3(45#*6(7#8-2 9'&&%(7-26($%(:6$#;(:8<$&=&>&%+6/(?+'#+&@$&6(#%3(A-+&%+$#56

Figure III : Domestic material consumption per capita in the Asia-Paci!c region and the world

?-*'8&(;(_lPA(ZLX!!/(HBLI\(

Figure IV : Domestic material consumption in Asia and the world

?-*'8&(;(_lP?Q:A(&+(#5B/(ZLX!L/(HBLI\

SC

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Figure V : GDP per capita of selected Asian countries (current US$)

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Figure VI : GDP per capita of selected low and middle income countries (current US$)

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SS

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Figure VII : Energy intensity in selected Asian countries(constant 2005 PPP US$ per kg of oil equivalent)

?-*'8&;(0-'53(a&=&5-H>&%+([%3$8#+-'6/(0-'53(U#%O

Figure VIII : Per capita CO2 emissions

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SD

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Table I: Global value of LCEGS in £million by top 50 countries for 2010/11

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SI

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:6$#%(a&=&5-H>&%+(U#%OB(ZLX!L\B(T#O$%@(+<&("$@<+("-#3(+-([%85*6$=&(9'-.+<;([%3*6+'$#5(_H@'#3$%@(#%3(a$=&'6$G$8#+$-%(

$%(+<&(A<$5$HH$%&6B(R#%$5#;(:6$#%(a&=&5-H>&%+(U#%OB

:6$#%([%6+$+*+&(-G(T&8<%-5-@MB(ZLX!L\B(U$-G*&56($%(+<&(:?P:lB(U#%@O-O;(1-.(P>$66$-%(a&=&5-H>&%+(?+'#+&@$&6(Y-'*>/(

!NJL!(?&H+&>2&'(LX!LB

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Notes

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About the authors

Klaus Jacob' A@;BC' #5' &%5%"&7;' 2#&%7*,&' "*' *;%'

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Green jobs in Asia : achievements, strategies and...

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