Chapter 3: Atomic Structure Overview SP2019

Suzanne

Part 1: Waves of Light

I. Definitions: Please use your textbook, notes, lecture PPT, or other resources to write the definition of each term.

• Electromagnetic Radiation –

• Electromagnetic Spectrum –

• Wavelength (λ) –

• Frequency (ν) –

• Hertz (Hz) –

II. Calculating Wavelength and frequency, using c= ν λ, c = 2.998 x 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒔

a. Violet light has a wavelength of 4.10 x 10−12 m. What is the frequency?

b. Green light has a frequency of 8.12 x 1014 Hz. What is the wavelength?

any form of radiant energy in the electromagneticChp .

3 pg781 spectrum

a continuous range of radiant energy that includes gamma rays ,

X rays ,Ultraviolet radiation

,visible light , infrared radiation

,and radio waves

Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet

RadioWaves Microwaves Infrared Ultraviolet Kray Gamma Ray

Low High

Longest Shortest

the distance from crest to crestor trough to trough or a wow

µthe number of crests of a wave thatpass a stationary point of reference per second

SI unit for frequencyI HE = 15 '

= I cycle per second

¥U# = V = ,f= 3%1%747=7.32×10"

Hz

E-¥ = t - I -- 3.IE:7#aa$=3.6axio-7m

Chapter 3: Atomic Structure Overview SP2019

Suzanne

c. A helium laser emits light with a wavelength of 633 nm. What is the frequency of the light?

Part 2: Atomic Spectra, Particles of Light,

III. Definitions: Please use your textbook, notes, lecture PPT, or other resources to write the definition of each term.

• Fraunhofer Lines:

• Atomic Emission VS Atomic Absorption:

• Quantum:

• Planck Constant:

• Quantum Theory:

o Quantized:

o Photon:

IV. Calculating Energy Using E = h‧ν, E = 𝒉𝒄𝒗

, h = 6.626 x 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟒 J‧s

a. Calculate the energy of a photon of radiation with a frequency of 8.5 x 1015 Hz.

b. Calculate the energy of a gamma ray photon whose frequency is 4.05 x 1020 Hz.

c. What is the energy of light whose wavelength is 4.06 x 10−11 m?

Part 3: Photoelectric Effect

V. Definitions: Please use your textbook, notes, lecture PPT, or other resources to write the definition of each term.

• Photoelectric Effect –

6.33×10-7 m

m

v = Tf,

3 x 108 m/smy

6.gg#7my-- 4.74×10"

Az

a set of dark lines in the otherwise continuous solar spectrum

Emission - characteristic patterns of brigadesproduced when atoms are vaporized in high - temp . flames or electrical

Absorption - characteristic patterns of dark lines produced when an ex trend source q radiation passesthrough discharges

free I gaseous atoms

Smallest discrete quantity of a particular poem of energy

I h) proportionality constant between the energy and frequency qI Max Planck) electromagnetic radiation expressed in E = ha

.h = 6.626×10

-

34J. s

a model based on the idea that energy is absorbed and emitted in discrete

quantities q energy called quanta .

having values restricted to whole number multiples q a specific base value

A quantum of electromagnetic radiation

•*o

E- hv =/6 .

626×10-34 JOH( 8 . 5×10's

=5

.

63×10-18 J

E- hv = (6.626×10-3454)(4.05×10204/3) = 2.68 x 10-13

E- had =16.626×10-345713410849--4 .

89×10-15 J

4.06 x to- "

m

the release of electrons frommaterial as a result

of electromagnetic radiation striking it

Chapter 3: Atomic Structure Overview SP2019

Suzanne

• Threshold Frequency (v0) –

• Work Function (φ) –

o Equation:

o E.g. The work function of lead is 4.27 x 10−19 J.

▪ What is the minimum frequency of radiation required to eject photoelectrons from a lead surface?

▪ Could visible light produce the photoelectric effect in lead?

Part 4: Hydrogen Spectrum and Bohr Model

VI. Definitions/People: Please use your textbook, notes, lecture PPT, or other resources to write the definition of each term.

• Johannes Robert Rydberg –

o Equation:

• Johann Balmer –

• Niels Bohr –

o Equation –

• Ground State –

• Excited State –

• Electron Transition –

VII. Calculating Energy of a Transition Label whether it’s an emission or an absorption.

a. n = 5 → 4

the minimumfrequency of light required to produce the

photoelectric effect

the amount of energy needed to dislodge an electron fromthe surface

A a material

to = hero

-

¥¥= Vo -

- I = 4j?IYiff. s-- 6.44×10

"

Az

published a more general empirical equation for predicting wavelengths

I 1854 - 1919) of hydrogen 's spectral lines

Bohr 's Model

¥ = RH I ¥2 - ⇒ n-- 4

- n =3

Rite I . 097×10 -2hm"

. ¥.

n ' In.

onKissingn "

formulated an empirical equation that predicts wavelength nucleus11825-18987x . 136117172)

( iggs . lacedBohr 's Model ej%hyhydrogen atoms lose and gain

discretequanta go•

• Ejecting

- why their electrons do not spinal into their nuclei•

⇐ -2.178×10- ' '

J Lutz) A E- -2.178×10- ' 8

J ( Tp - ⇒ •

the most stable,

lowest energy stale qa particle

any energy above the ground state

BrackettSeries

Pash en

movement of an electron l infrared )

between energy levelsBalmer

I visible light)

A E= -2.178×10- "

J ( Tf - %) Lyman

DE =RH (ta - gta) =

- 2.178×1-0' '

J (TL - 2¥) I ultraviolet

= - 4.90×10-20

Chapter 3: Atomic Structure Overview SP2019

Suzanne

b. n = 2 → 1

c. n = 1 → 3

d. n = 4 → 1

e. n = 5 → 3

Part 5: More Examples

Perform the following calculations. Be sure to highlight the frequencies (it will help you in part two).

1. A mysterious wave has a frequency of 2.5 x 1013 Hz. What is the corresponding wavelength?

2. Another mysterious wave is about the size of a butterfly, or 0.010 m. What is the frequency of this wave?

3. In a different type of wave, the energy per photon was determined to be 2.12 x 10-16 J. What is the frequency of this wave?

4. Yesterday in Tallahassee, a strange wave in the atmosphere affected people’s ability to hear deep sounds. If the wavelength was a one kilometer, how much energy per photon did the wave contain?

5. Scientists in Siberia detected a wave with an energy of 3.85 x 10-13 J/photon. What was the wavelength?

AE--2.178×10- '8J ( Tp - ⇒

= -2.178×10- ' 8J ( t - Yy)

= - I . 63×10-18 J

E -- -2.178×10

' 8J ( at - f)= 1.936×10 -18J

E - -2.178×10"

J / it - ⇒=

- 2.04×10- "

J

E = -2.178×10- ' 8J ( at - ⇒

=- 1.55×10

- ' 9J

¥=

C- iv. x - I-

- 12697118%71%2=+1.2×10-5 m

in

> Microwaves

a I = 2%76%412=3.0 no"

Az-

V -2€ =

(2.12×10-165)tray

6.670.34ps =3.20 x to

"

Hy

TETE

a- ÷ ,:::it¥⇒ . ..am#....o...k::::÷÷÷÷

radiowaves-E-h.ir→ the # =

13.85×10-1352I 6.63×10 -34ps)

V =5.81×1020 Hg

-

× 108 m/s)C- - A V -

oh -- I =12.99-3.s¥¥

" -

- s .15×0

. om

Gammy

Chapter 3: Atomic Structure Overview SP2019

Suzanne

6. One of the six groups of waves has a wavelength about the size of a virus cell. The frequency associated with these types of waves is 1.9 x 1016 Hz. How much energy per photon is there in one of these waves? Also, what is the approximate length of a virus cell?

Part Two

On the blank lines above or below the following diagram, write the frequency corresponding to the different waves. In the parentheses, write the question number from which the frequency value came from.

_________Hz( ) _______Hz( ) ________Hz( )

__________Hz( ) __________Hz( ) ________Hz( )

T

Ultra

E-h.ve/6.63xio-34Jjdll.9x1OneYsXfX=fr=2?a9Yf%71I

= 1.26×10- It J = 1.57×10 -8M

5.8×1020 s 1.9×10"

6 3.0×10"

2

12.5×10"Hz2. 3.0×10 "Hz3. 3.20×10 "Hz4. 2.99×10543S

. 8×102043

6. 1.9×10 "Hz- Gamma has the tfreqnency ,

Radiowaveshastheta

3.20×10"

3 2.5×10"

I 2.99×105 4