Green Home Energy Upgrades - Cabrillo Collegesmurphy/Home Performance Basics- MVM Apr 6 2… ·...

Introduction to Home

Performance

California Building Performance Contractors Association 1

Green HomeEnergy Upgrades

Efficiency

Comfort

&

Health

Durability

PG&E is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects (AIA)

Continuing Education Systems (CES). Credit earned on completion of this

program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members who provide their

membership number. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are

available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that my be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.


Performance

2California Building Performance Contractors Association

Disclaimer

The information in this document is believed to accurately describe the technologies

addressed herein and are meant to clarify and illustrate typical situations, which must

be appropriately adapted to individual circumstances. These materials were prepared to

be used in conjunction with a free educational program and are not intended to provide

legal advice or establish legal standards of reasonable behavior. Neither Pacific Gas &

Electric (PG&E) nor any of its employees and agents: (1) makes any written or oral

warranty, expressed or implied, including but not limited to the merchantability or

fitness for a particular purpose; (2) assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the

accuracy or completeness of any information, apparatus, product, process, method, or

policy contained herein; or (3) represents that its use would not infringe any privately

owned rights, including but not limited to patents, trademarks or copyrights.

Furthermore, the information, statements, representations, graphs and data presented in

this report are provided by PG&E as a service to our customers. PG&E does not

endorse products or manufacturers. Mention of any particular product or manufacturer

in this course material should not be construed as an implied endorsement.


Performance

3California Building Performance Contractors Association


Performance


Who is in the room:Who is in the room:Who is in the room:Who is in the room:

1. General Contractor?

2. HVAC Contractor?

3. Insulation Contractor?

4. Raters (Green Point, LEED, HERS,…?

5. Who did we miss?


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Class Ground Rules:Class Ground Rules:Class Ground Rules:Class Ground Rules:

� Ask questions as they come up

� Important to call “B.S.”

� Limit all class discussion to Facts/Research/Test Results/Science not Beliefs/Opinions/Marketing/or what the Salesman told you

� Bring a calculator to class


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Class Materials:Class Materials:Class Materials:Class Materials:

� Book – Residential Energy

� Daily home work assignments

� Binder – room for lots of notes and Ah Ha’s in the margins

� GHEU Pre-Test


Performance


Class Organization:Class Organization:Class Organization:Class Organization:

Level 1 - 3 Days in the Classroom

Level 2 - 2 Days in the Lab

1 Day in the Classroom

Level 3 - 2 ½ Days in the Classroom (review)

BPI Certification starts at 1:00


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Class Schedule:Class Schedule:Class Schedule:Class Schedule:

� Morning and afternoon 15 minute breaks

� Get-up and move if you would like to

� Information is cumulative – it’s important not to miss a day (if you want to pass the BPI Certification)

� There is homework (never collected)


Performance


Building Performance

Test Equipment is Driving

Industry Changes

1. Test equipment started to become available in 1985.

2. Now (2 decades later) we have the ability to evaluate the true installed performance of all residential energy features.

3. As we evaluate each energy feature - large opportunities for improvement are found in every category.

4. The state energy code (Title-24) is requiring more performance testing to capture these opportunities.

5. Someday – everything will be performance tested.


Performance


Where is the

Opportunity?

� Virtually every existing house has significant opportunity for improvement.

� Opportunities exist in; new homes, Energy Star Homes, Utility Program Homes, etc.

� Our industry is still building homes (over 100,000 per year) that need retrofit.

� We can learn from looking at new construction.

� We need to view every house with x-ray vision.


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State of Our Industry (Opportunity for Us)

� Duct Leakage

� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety, Durability and Comfort

� Fixing Duct Leakage Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 30% (more on gross problem houses)


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� Duct Conduction

� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Durability and Comfort

� Fixing Duct Conduction Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 20% (more on gross problem houses)


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� Air Infiltration


� Fixing Air Infiltration By Reducing Leakage Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 28%


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� Building Pressures


� Air Balancing A Building Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 10% (more on gross problem houses)


Performance



� Framing Factor (% of wood in walls)

� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Environmental and Comfort

� Reducing the Amount of Wood in Exterior Walls Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 12%


Performance



� Solar Gain

� Impacts; Energy Efficiency and Comfort

� Reducing Solar Gain Through Windows Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 30%


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� Insulation � Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety, Durability and Comfort

� Increasing Insulation Levels Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 30% (More on Gross Problem Houses) And If Insulation Is Absent a Factor of 90% Is Possible

� Improperly Installed Insulation Often Performs at Close to 0% Of Its Rated Capacity


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� Room Air Delivery- Velocity, Direction, Volume

� Impacts; Comfort, Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety and Durability

� Delivering the Correct Volume of Air to Each Room at the Right Velocity and Location Can Improve Potential Performance 10% (More on Gross Problem Houses)


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� Air Flow Across The Evaporator Coil

� Impacts; Energy Efficiency, Health & Safety and Comfort

� Assuring Nominal Air Flow Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 13% (more on gross problem houses)


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� Refrigerant Charge

� Impacts; Durability, Energy Efficiency, and Comfort

� Correcting Charge Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 22% (more on gross problem houses)


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� Moisture Management

� Impacts; Health & Safety, Durability and Comfort

� Managing Gross Water and Vapor Transmission Is a Requirement for Acceptable Levels of Comfort, Health and Safety and Building Durability


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� Lighting

� Impacts; Energy Efficiency and Comfort

� Changing Out Incandescent for Compact Florescent Lights Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 75% (For Those Exchanged)


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� Plug Load and Appliances

� Impacts; Energy Efficiency

� Changing Appliances Like a Refrigerator Offers a Potential Performance Improvement of 50%. All Appliances and Plug in Devices Should Be Surveyed for Their Potential Retrofit Savings.


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Performance


In General – Research Has Shown That These Items Tend

Not to Be Cost Effective;

Ceiling Fans, Whole House Fans, Geothermal Heat Pumps, Solar Electric (PV), Solar Hot Water, Solar Space Heating, Attic Exhaust Fans, Radiant Barriers, Radiant Floor Heating, Shading the Condensing Unit, 2-stage Furnaces, Duct System Zoning, High Efficiency Equipment, Tankless Water Heaters, Spray Foam Insulation, etc.


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U.S. Energy Flow Trends – 2002Net Primary Resource Consumption ~97 Quads


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How Much Electricity

Does A New Homes Use?


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How Much Natural Gas

Does A New Homes Use?


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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

East

West

North


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Opportunity For Savings

� It’s Common To Average 40% To 70% Energy Savings on Retrofit Projects.

� When Done Correctly; Comfort, IAQ, Durability and Health & Safety Issues Are Also Taken Into Account With the Savings


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California – Integrated

Energy Policy

� New Homes Shall Be Net-Zero-Energy By 2020 (inspired by the 2030 Challenge from Ed Mazria)

� HVAC Industry Shall Be “Revitalized”


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Meeting the California

2020 Goals

First – Real Home Performance (not “Home Performance Lite”)

Then – Clean Onsite Generation (PV) but at ¼ of the size and cost


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Redding, CaliforniaShowcase Home – Case Study


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Redding, CaliforniaShowcase Home

Bill guaranteed at $76.00 per year

for air conditioning,

$241.00 per year for heating,

$317.00 per year total, $0.09/sq.ft.-

year, 3,500 square foot home


Performance


Redding, California Showcase HomePerformance Monitored By

DOE Building America Program

� High-end custom home (Realtor’s Showcase of Homes)

� Conventional architecture

� Conventional framing

� Conventional insulation (batts in walls, loosefill in attic)

� Conventional HVAC system (ducts in the attic)


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Chitwood

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Sep 01 Sep 02 Sep 03 Sep 04 Sep 05 Sep 06 Sep 07

Date

Tem

per

atu

re (

deg

F)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Pow

er (

kW

)

TAI TAO EAC

Temperatures


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� Actual cooling costs reduced 81% (83% compressor, 68% fan, report page 10)

� Actual heating costs 49% reduction in gas usage, 65% fan energy reduction (report page 10)

� Cost of energy improvements were 0.4% of home cost, or $5,139.00 (see report page 11)


Performance




� Air conditioner size 2 tons (1,760 square feet per ton, one quarter of typical)

� 60% better performance than the geothermal heat pump next door

� Building America’s best computer model DOE-2 was not able to predict the heating and cooling savings –under predicting actual savings by 43% and 46%


Performance


Sacramento, CaliforniaSMUD Advantage Home

Case Study

� First year of occupancy after full home performance retrofit.

� 1988 home, retrofitted 9 years later.

� Built to Utility Program Standards

� Already had high performance windows (low-e2)

� 2800 square foot, slab on grade, two stories


Performance


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Septe

mbe

rO

ctob

erN

ovem

ber

Dec

embe

rJa

nuar

yFeb

ruar

y

Mar

ch

April

June July

Augus

t

Th

erm

s

Before

After

Natural Gas Savings

Total therm savings: 42%

Heating therm savings: 49%


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-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Sep

tem

ber

Oct

ober

Nove

mbe

rD

ecem

ber

Janu

aryFeb

ruar

y

Mar

ch

Apr

il

May

June

July

Aug

ust

kW

h

Before

(4 yr avg)

After

Electric Savings

Total kWh savings since retrofit: 59%*

Air Conditioning kWh savings: 72%*

*Despite 10-20% energy penalty of pre-cooling testing in summer of 2007—future savings will be greater.


Performance


Average Monthly Energy Costs: $98

Total Bill Savings:

52%

$1,260/year(despite rate increases)


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Who Do Home Owners Call When They Have $700.00/month Utility Bills and Aren’t Comfortable?

� HVAC subcontractor

� Insulation subcontractor

� The Utility

� Window salesman

� HERS rater

� Air Infiltration subcontractor


Performance


Or…

� Architect

� Engineer

� Building inspector

� IAQ/Mold company

� Green Builder/Remodeler

� Industrial Hygienist

� Landscape Architect

� Landscaper

� Sprinkler contractor

� Home Inspector

� Termite Inspector

� Realtor

� Painter

� Ceiling Fan installer

� Crawlspace Treatment Contractor

� General Contractor

� Duct Cleaner


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OrOrOrOr…………

A Home Performance Contractor:A Home Performance Contractor:A Home Performance Contractor:A Home Performance Contractor:

Can use test equipment:

� to identify and quantify the opportunity in all categories

� to solve comfort complaints

� to guide the work

� to assure the work performs well

� to ensure building is healthy and safe


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Customer Benefits

1. Comfort

2. Energy Efficiency

3. Durability

4. Health & Safety


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Goals to Attain“Affordable Comfort”

Don’t be distracted by “pointless intermediate stupid steps” (they are just tools)…Energy Star Home certification…HERS Rating…LEED Certification/other Green Rating systems…A home performance analysis (test-in)…Air Infiltration Testing…Duct Leakage Testing…Contractor Licensing and Certification


Performance


Goals to Attain - “Comfort”

� An Indoor Environment That Is Imperceptible

� Temperature Is Even and Not Too Hot or Too Cold

� Humidity Level Is Not Too High or Too Low (Around 40%)

� No Drafts Are Felt by Occupants

� No Particulate Matter in Living Space Air

� Equipment Noise Is Nonexistent


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Goals To Attain continued

� A Cost-Effective Balance Between:� First Costs (low bid)

� Energy Operating Costs

� Comfort

� System and Structure Durability

� Ease of Equipment Maintenance

� Noise Levels

� Indoor Air Quality


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Goals To Attain continued

� Meet Objectives For:

� Profitability

� Growth

� Risk Management

� Workforce Development


Performance


Pop Quiz

Changing a SEER 10 condenser to a SEER 14 condenser reduces the utility bill:

A. 40%

B. It Depends

C. 28%

D. 4%


Performance


Pop Quiz

A residential ceiling fan:A. Helps cool your homeB. Is a 100% efficient electric heaterC. Pushes dust and dirt into carpetsD. Causes a black streak at the edge of the carpet


Performance


Pop Quiz

The relative humidity in a single room in a home can vary:

A. Only about 9% since water vapor diffuses quickly

B. As much as 90% since the temperature in a room

varies so much

C. Always less than 50%

D. Always more than 50%


Performance


Pop Quiz

Which heating system causes air in a home to be too dry?

A. A woodstoveB. A forced air gas furnaceC. An electric resistance baseboard heaterD. None of the above – because no heating system creates or destroys water molecules


Performance


Pop Quiz

Over the 80 year period from 1920 to 2000 the cost of gasoline has changed how much?

A. Increased 50%

B. Decreased 50%

C. Increased 250%

D. Increased 500%

Green Home Energy Upgrades - Cabrillo Collegesmurphy/Home Performance Basics- MVM Apr 6 2… ·...

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