Green Fuel Generation (Biogas) Press Mud · 2020. 6. 17. · AVANT-GARDE Event: One day event by...
Transcript of Green Fuel Generation (Biogas) Press Mud · 2020. 6. 17. · AVANT-GARDE Event: One day event by...
AVANT-GARDE
Event:
One day event by Cogeneration Association of India at
Kisanveer Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. (Bhuinj) dt. 17.09.2019
Presented By
Mr. K.Mohan Kumar
(Deputy General Manager & HOD – Process & Environment)
Green Fuel Generation (Biogas) Green Fuel Generation (Biogas) ––Press MudPress Mud
Fuel
Fodder
Fertilizer Raw Material
Fertilizer
Alcohol Production
Bagasse
Cane Tops and Leaves
Press Mud /Filter Mud
Furnace ash
Molasses
13-18% Fibre
Upto 15% Sugar
Tops and leaves
Fibre
Sugar to market
Sugarcane
BY -PRODUCTS FROM SUGAR INDUSTRY
2
By-Products
Press Mud to Bio-CNG
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BIOGASBIOGAS
Methane (55-60%),
Carbon Dioxide (40-45%),
Hydrogen Sulphide (0.3%)
Moisture(1%)
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Ammonia
<<<%
Biogas is a combustible gaseous fuel that is collected from the microbial degradation of organic matter in anaerobic conditions Raw biogas Temperature (32-40 Deg. C) The biogas technology is being promoted by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Composition of Biogas
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WORLD HISTORY OF BIOGAS
1808 – Sir Humphrey Davy
found that methane was present in the gases that is
formed by the Anaerobic
Digestion of manure
1884 – Louis Pasteur student, Ulysse Gayon,
performed the anaerobic fermentation of manure and water at 35ºC and obtained
100 liters of Biogas per cubic meter of Manure.
1895 – Biogas is used to light
up the streets in Exeter, England
1957 – A British Inventor, Bates, modifies
his car to run on Biogas
produced from pig manure.
2005 – The Biogas Support
program in Nepal wins the Ashden
Reward for installing over
150,000 Biogas Plants in rural
areas and a Biogas powered train starts it's
service in Sweden
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03 04
01 02
Equipments that are used for Transfer of Feed Stock from Yard to the Biogas Plant
Feedstock Storage Transfer Feedstock
preparation tank, pH Dosing Tank, transfer Pumps
Feedstock Preparation
H2S removal, Carbon Dioxide removal, Moisture removal
Biogas Purification and Upgradation
Solid and Liquid Manure Storage and Selling
Digestate and Slurry handling System
Compression and cascade storage structure
Biogas Compression and Distribution System
05 06
PRESS MUD TO BIO-CNG
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Anaerobic Digester Nutrients for digester system , Flaring system for biogas
Biogas Generation System
TYPICAL SCHEME
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FEEDSTOCK
– Anaerobic digestion is the natural biological process which stabilizes organic waste in the absence of air and transforms it into bio-fertilizer and biogas. This Organic waste is called “Feedstock”
– Types of Feedstock in Sugar and Distilleries
Press Mud:- Press mud traditionally is used as manure through bio-compost process by spraying spent wash on press mud.
Bagasse
Sugarcane Trash
Napier Grass
Food Waste
Spent Wash Source: Internet-For Illustration only
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FEEDSTOCK STORAGE AND TRANSFER
• Biogas substrates are typically moist, which can make them difficult to store because bacteria and mould can grow on them
• Storage is an issue because many of the feedstocks accumulate seasonally, such as Press mud and Baggase, but need to be stored cheaply for the whole year
• This not only causes substrate loss, but can lead to strong odour emissions, and the toxins and spores formed can pose a risk to workers.
• Different storage and stabilisation options have been developed
• Silos, Bunkers in RCC
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FEEDSTOCK PREPARATION
1. Feedstock Preparation
§ WHY
§ HOW
Faster Anaerobic fermentation
Potentially increase biogas yield Homogenising Feed
Make use of locally available substrate
Mechanical Shear, heat, pressure and electric fields
Thermal Heating
Chemical Alkali, Acid, Solvent addition
Biological Adding Substrates and/ or Enzyme and/or Microbes
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DIGESTOR
Digester is a vessel or container where the breaking down of organic material takes place
Classification of Digester based on following:-
By temperature:
- Mesophilic (35°C)
- Thermophilic (55°C)
By operation:
- Batch
- Continuous
- Fed-batch or semi-continuous
By water content of input material:
- Wet systems: TS content < 15% Dry Solids
- “Dry” systems: TS content 25-50% Dry Solids
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Complex organic matter Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Complex organic matter Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Soluble organic molecules
Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids
Soluble organic molecules
Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids
Volatile fatty acids
Volatile fatty acids
H2CO2 H2CO2
CH4 + CO2 CH4 + CO2
Acetic acid Acetic acid
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4 4 4
Hydrolysis
Acidogenesis (Fermentation)
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESS
The use of a biogas upgrading or purification process in which the raw biogas stream like CO2, H2S and moisture are absorbed or scrubbed off, leaving above 90% methane per unit volume of gas.
• Presence of CO2 in biogas poses following problems: – It lowers the power output from the engine; – It takes up space when biogas is compressed and stored in cylinder; – It can cause freezing problems at valves and metering points where the compressed gas undergoes
expansion during engine running.
• The traces of H2S produces H2SO4 which corrode the internals of pipes, fittings etc. • Moisture causes corrosion and decreases heating value of the fuel.
• As per IS 16087:2016 and the OMC requirement decides the units
• Elemental Sulphur is produced as byproduct from the H2S scrubbing System – Dewatering Equipment separates
• Carbon Di Oxide can be liquefied and marketed
BIOGAS UPGRADING
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COMPRESSED BIOGAS VS COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
Properties Compressed Natural Gas (As per IS 15958:2012)
Upgraded Biogas (As per IS 16087:2016)
Raw Biogas
Composition % (v/v)
CH4 – 89.14% CO2 – 4.38% H2 – .01% N2 – .11%
CH4 – 90%* CO2 – 4% CO2+N2+O2 -0.5% TS (including H2S) -20 mg/m3 Moisture < 5 mg * Technologies can provide upto 97% gradation
CH4 – 55- 65% CO2 – 35-45% H2 – .02% N2 – 1.98% H2S – 500 ppm
Lower Heating Value
44.39 MJ/kg 42.62 MJ/kg 20.5 MJ/kg
Relative Density 0.765 0.714 1.014
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DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR UPGRADATION
Methods
Parameters
High pressure
water scrubbing
Chemical
absorption
Pressure swing
absorption
Membrane
separation
Cryogenic
Gas Pre Cleaning
Requirement
No Yes Yes Yes Yes
Working Pressure 9-10 Bar 1 Bar 4 – 7 bar 4-7 bar 40 bar
Methane Loss 1– 2 % 1-2 % 1-9 % 10 - 15 % 1-2%
% purity attained
of upgraded Biogas
95-98 % Upto 99 % 95 - 99 % Upto 90 % Upto 99 %
Heat requirement - Required - - -
Operating Cost Low Moderate Moderate Low High
Initial Cost Low Moderate Moderate Moderate High
Process Handling Easy Complex Easy Easy Complex
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DIGESTATE HANDLING
• Digestate (slurry) from the Digester is further concentrated in Dewatering Unit
• Part of the liquid Digestate is recirculated to the Feed tank
• Bio-Fertilizer (Solid Fertilizer& remaining Liquid Fertilizers) are further upgraded
• Upgrading and conditioning help in storage, transport, and application.
• Further Solids-Liquid Separation
• Moisture reduction –Composting, Drying
• Pelleting
• Nutrient Addition
• Marketing and supply management of Bio-fertilizers
Source: Internet-For Illustration only
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BIOGAS COMPRESSION & STORAGE
• Biogas compressors are readily available in the local market in the range of 2.5 bar up to 200 bars.
• Depending on the application a suitable compressor can be chosen.
– High Pressure compressor,
– Cascade of storage cylinders
• Compressed and stored in Cylinders
• The compressed and stored biogas in cylinders can be used for various purposes
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BIOGAS USE
Upgraded Biogas
Transportation Fuel for Vehicles
Cooking -Biogas Stoves
Compressed & Bottled Biogas
Injection into Natural Biogas
Raw Biogas
Electricity Production
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TYPICAL MASS BALANCE
Typical Mass Balance
Courtesy : M/s.Quantum Green
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OVERALL BENEFITS
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Feasibility Study
Feedstock availability throughout the year
Feedstock storage for long time and its implication on characteristics
Marketing and Selling of the Digestate
BIO-CNG Saleability
Any CNG line nearby
Any CNG terminal / Filling Station nearby
Bio-CNG –Cooking Gas Cylinder feasibility
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Environmentally Friendly EASY HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF PRESS MUD
RENEWABLE FUEL
LESS POLLUTION-GREEN FUEL
Farmer Friendly ProductsLIQUID MANURE
SOLID MANURE
ELEMENTAL SULPHUR (FERTILIZER)
BIO-CNG PRODCUTION
REVENUE GENERATING
BY-PRODUCTS (MANURES, S,CO2)
ORGANIC PRODUCTS
SUSTAINABLE , RENEWABLE
ENERGY
CONCLUSION-PRESS MUD TO BIO CNGCONCLUSION-PRESS MUD TO BIO CNG
INCOME
Waste to Wealth
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