Green Electronics
-
Upload
mehjabin-abdurrazaque -
Category
Documents
-
view
180 -
download
0
Transcript of Green Electronics
G R E E N E L E C T R O N I C S
Presented byJohn Paul
Mehjabin Abdurrazaque
M. E. S Kalladi College, Mannarkkad
CONTENTS
What is electronics?
De-merits of electronics
Green Electronics as a solution
What is Green Electronics?
Methods in Green Electronics
ELECTRONICS
I think I thought it would be
important for electronics as we
knew it then, but that was a much
simpler business and electronics
was mostly radio and television
and the first computers.
Jack Kilby
The branch of physics and technology concerned with
• the design of circuits using transistors and microchips, and
• the behaviour and movement of electrons in a semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas
ELECTRONICS
In the 21st century we are enjoying well
developed electronics
Everyday we deal with the electronic devices
several times, from toys for children to highly
efficient digital systems
Electronics made life easier – effortless
But this omnipresence has a seamy underside…!!!
Among the harmful
elements are
1. Lead
2. Cadmium
3. Mercury
4. Polybrominated diphenyl
ether (PBDE)
Certain materials used in electronic products are toxic and pose a threat to the environment
DISPOSAL OF E-WASTE
E-waste can be disposed in
three ways:
Incineration
Land-filling
Recycling
Destroying the e-waste including computers
and other electronic devices and
components by burning.
But this waste contributes significantly to
heavy metals and halogen Ted substances.
variety of different substances found
together in electro scrap
incineration is dangerous
Disposing the e-waste by burying it
But all landfills leak
For instance,
when brominates flame-retarded plastic or
cadmium-containing plastics are land-filled, both
PBDE and cadmium may leach into the soil and
ground water.
Land-filling
RecyclingThe waste amount from electrical and electronic equipment is rapidly
increasing, partly because of the growing demand, and partly because
of the still shorter life-cycle of equipment.
Landfill and Incineration are not complete solutions.
To minimize waste the solutions are:
1. Extended life of equipment (repair/upgrade)
2. Re-use
3. Recycling
Recycling of hazardous products has little environmental benefit -it simply moves the hazards into secondary products that eventually have to be disposed of.
Unless the goal is to redesign the product to use non- hazardous materials, such recycling is a false solution.
When incinerated, lead contents become easily
soluble, leading to increased leaching from the
landfills where residues from waste incineration
end up.
Hazardous emissions to the air result from the
recycling of e-waste containing heavy metals,
such as lead and cadmium.
These emissions could be significantly reduced by
pretreatment operations.
An improved way must be invented.
And, this improved way is
GREEN ELECTRONICSGETTING GREENER
IMPLEMENTING LEAD-FREE AND ECO-
FRIENDLY ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS
WHAT IS GREEN ELECTRONICS?Electronic products and components that have minimum
environmental effects throughout their lifecycle
• No environmentally harmful materials used (WEE / RoHS)
• Eco-efficient manufacturing process
• Consume less power (in operation and stand-by modes)
• Fully recyclable, no hazardous waste
New electronics applications that enable sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions both in
industrial and consumer sectors
ECO DESIGN - HOW TO GET STARTED?
There are three mains steps to take:
• Establish specific and measurable environmental targets for each product-type, and specify these targets in the requirements specification
• Include the environmental issues in the agenda for design reviews during the development phases
• Establish metrics in order to make the environmental performance of the products visible and measurable
USE LESS MATERIALS
• Minimize the equipment weight
• Specify materials with established recycling systems (steel,
aluminium, pure thermoplastics etc.)
• Specify the use of recycled materials (primarily polymers)
• Consider alternatives to materials listed as limited resources
• Minimize material waste during production
REDUCE ENERGY USE• Design with automatic power-down and stand-
by functions
• Switch off parts of the circuit, which are not in
use all the time
• Change clock-frequencies dependant on the
need for speed
• Consider power consumption when choosing
components and component-families
• Priorities high efficiency in power supplies
lower power consumption
lower temperature
less need for cooling /fanshigher reliability
longer life
lower Cost-of-Ownership
Minimize waste• Design equipment with possibilities for repair, upgradability and reuse
• Design for recycling means:
1. easy to dismantle
2. easy to obtain 'clean' material-fractions, that can be recycled (e.g.
iron and copper should be easy to separate)
3. easy to remove parts/components, that must be treated separately
4. use as few different materials as possible
5. mark the materials/polymers in order to sort them correct
6. avoid surface treatment in order to keep the materials 'clean'
Phase out or minimize use of substances/chemicals - it seems sound to avoid lead in tin solders and to use other metals.
The soldering process takes place in closed systems, reduces or eliminates the risk of human exposure in work-related situations.
silver (Ag), tin (Sn), copper (Cu)Lead (Pb)
Use of modern production equipment
Changing to lead-free alloys is uncertain seen from an eco-toxicological perspective because it is uncertain how the alternative metals spread and degrade.
Silver, for example, which is present in almost all lead-free alternatives, is far more toxic to aquatic organisms than lead.
THANK YOU
The electronic computer equipment is a
complicated assembly of more than 1000
materials, many of which are highly toxic:
1. chlorinated and brominate substances
2. toxic gases
3. toxic metals
4. photoactive and biologically active materials
5. acids
6. plastics and plastic additives
DRIVERS/MOTIVATORS OF GOING GREEN
Potential
competi
tive ad
vantag
e
Growth opportu
nity fo
r compan
y
Corporat
e socia
l resp
onsibilit
y
Meeting c
ustomer
expect
ations /
require
ments
New te
chnology
opportunities
Ability t
o enter
new m
arkets
Green im
age
Product
develo
pment
Potential
cost
savings
Levera
ge ex
isting m
arkets
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
EXAMPLES OF GREEN ELECTRONICS
Electronics products that consume less energy
• LED lightning, ”low-power electronics”
• Portable devices
Non-toxic, eco-efficient products and manufacturing processes
• Printed (disposable) sensors, recyclability
• RFID in life-cycle management
Energy solutions• Printed solar cells, Energy harvesting• Energy storage technologies, batteries
Environmental monitoring• (Industrial) emissions measurement
(CO2, …),• Quality monitoring of liquid and solid
fuels
Environmentally friendly electronics solutions
• Water taps with optical sensors, sensor technologies
• for monitoring industrial processes
The ever-increasing functionality of information technology (IT) products is enabled by semiconductors.
Lead is the glue that binds all the semiconductor devices to make them work efficiently.
Without lead solders and leaded glass
Lead alloy solders enable your computer to send electronic data.
you would not be able to safely sit in front of your computer.
But why lead is used in electronic components?
Lead can meet performance requirements in a cost-efficient manner.
Lead can be easily remoulded and refined.
Lead has the highest recycling rate of all the industrial metals in the world.
Leads natural properties are well suited to electronics applications: low melting point high strengthductility fatigue resistancehigh thermal cycling joint integritycorrosion resistance malleabilitylong life