Green economy
-
Upload
munish-sudan -
Category
Documents
-
view
68 -
download
2
Transcript of Green economy
Emergence of Green economy as a ConceptAnd Its Relevance To Corporate Strategy
Why are we talking about Green Economy?
• Global warming and Climate change
- Rising sea levels
• “The Death of Birth”
• Fresh water shortages
• Ecological Footprint
• Growing Unemployment
• Ecological Footprint’ already exceeds Earth’s regenerative capacity… our demands on the planet have doubled over the last 40 years…
Social Justice and Crises
– Poverty widespread, 3 billion under $2 per day: 9.1 billion by 2050, biggest increase in developing countries
– Almost 1 billion people chronically undernourished
– Wealth of 3 rich = 600 million poor
– No schooling for 1 in 5 children
– Most population growth in poorest regions
– 80 countries poorer than 20 years ago
Homes are now more energy efficient, but also much larger, increasing pressures on land, water and materials
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
Index 1990 = 1 Total energyconsumption ofhousing stock forspace heating
Energy consumptionper dwelling forspace heating
Energy consumptionper m2 for spaceheating
Growth in floor areaof housing (19 EUcountries)
Resource use
Efficiency gains
Consumption
Cars are more efficient but contribute to a range of negative impacts on people’s quality of life in cities
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
Index, 1990 = 100
GDP (fixed prices)
Total car km travelled
Total fuel consumption ofprivate cars
Specific fuel consumptionof average car (litres/km)
Total CO2 emissions ofcars
Stock of cars
Resource use
Efficiency gains
Consumptio
n
Copyright: Tesla
nor new technologies only ...
To reach ambitious environmental visions
Not just incremental efficiency gains ...
Energy efficiency has increased, but we are far from a low-carbon economy
Economic
growth
Resource use
Efficiency gains
What is Green Economy?
Green Economy
Low Carbon
Resource EfficientSocially Inclusive
A green economy is one that results in improved humanwell-being and social equity, while significantly reducingenvironmental risks and ecological scarcities.
Green Economy: Living well within ecological limits
Ecosystem
services
ECOSYSTEMS
Policy
Values
Technology
Scienc
e
Market
Industry
SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEMSproviding social needs and value
Environment
al
externalities
Withdrawals from the ecosystems
Deposits Emissions Pollution
system
system system
Foodsystem
Energysystem
Mobilitysystem
10
Demonstrating that Greening is a new engine for growth,
addressing hurdles & enabling conditions
ecosystems & biodiversity, capturing these values, and
Green Economy Report
TEEB
Green
Growth
Knowledge
Platform
Networking
with Civil
Society and
Private Sector
Inter-agency
Partnerships
Advisory
Services
Green Jobs
Initiative
UNEP, WB,
OECD, GGGI
ILO, ITUC,
IOE, UNEP
UNEP, UNDP, ILO,
Governments, National
Institutions
UNEP working with 40
Agencies in the UN
system
GEC, GGGF, UN Global
Compact
GEC Green Economy Coalition ITUC International Trade Union Confederation
GGGF Global Green Growth Forum OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation &
Development
GGGI Global Green Growth Institute UNDP United Nations Development Programme
ILO International Labour Organization WB World Bank
IOE International Organization of Employers
PAGE – Partnership for Action on Green Economy
Why do we need a Global Green New Deal ?
• Fiscal stimulus is agreed as the way forward, but how sustainable is the growth that follows ?
• “Green Investment” beats a “Shopping Spree”
• “Win-Win-Win” solutions exist : Decent Jobs, Lower Risks, Higher Returns
• Globalization means success lies in coordinated actions, not ‘beggar thy neighbor’
What are the Objectives of a Global Green New Deal ?
• Revive the world economy, create new and decent jobs, and protect the vulnerable
• Reduce carbon dependency, ecosystem degradation, and water scarcity
• Eliminate persistent poverty by 2025…. Help achieve the MDG’s
Stages of Sustainability Strategies
• Early, compliance-driven ― focuses on reputable business practices (e.g., laws, regulations, contracts)
• Midpoint, responsiveness-driven ― moves beyond mere compliance to concerns for customer expectations (e.g., quality) and employee needs (e.g., health, safety, quality of work life)
• Advanced, integrative ― takes strategic approach infused with purpose and passion and marked by environmental stewardship and deep concerns for community needs
Greater pressure on
Environment & resources
Environmental soundness
critical for enhancing
national competitiveness
New solution,
“Green Growth”
Global population growth
rapid expansion of BRICs
economies =>
accelerated pressure on
energy & resources
Climate change-induced
environmental &
socioeconomic problems
on the rise
energy & resource
security become
decisive factor for
national competitiveness
Developed countries
formulate strategies to
promote green industry
as a growth driver
Past economic
development paradigm
is no longer viable
Low carbon,
eco-friendliness accepted
as key to promote new
growth
14
Developing Countries can not slow down thedevelopment agenda but they need to align their strategies……
Government of India has
allocated 70.6 billion
(USD 1.2 billion) for Smart
Cities in Budget 2014-15
India plans 100 new smart
cities and will develop
modern satellite towns
around existing cities under
the smart city program
Case of Montreal Protocol and CFCs
Many SMEs used CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) to manufacturefoam insulation products such as jugs and flasks,requiring low-cost simple machines andproviding employment for semi-skilled workers.
Under the Montreal Protocol, India had to reduce CFC usein the foam industry.
A UNDP initiative1/ helped India develop a group approachto eliminate CFC use in 80 SMEs employing 2,000 workers.Customized low cost, low-output non-CFC foaming equipmentwas designed for easy, economic and efficient operationand maintenance by workers.
Exemplary Award was for saving 150 SMEs from bankruptcyand preventing 3,500 workers (and their dependents) fromlosing theirlivelihoods.
Green Buildings
Energy efficient buildings: Investments in improved energy efficient buildings = 2-3.5m jobs in Europe & USA.
In Australia a proposed US$ 3b green housing over 4 years is expected to reduce green house gas emissions by 3.8mtons/year = 160,000 jobs
In the US it is estimated that US$ 100b to improve energy efficiency of building & cities over 4 years will generate 2m new jobs.
Governments are encouraged to include the greening and
weatherizing of buildings in their stimulus packages
and provide tax incentives to private companies and
individual households for improving insulation and
installing energy and resource efficient appliances in
office and residential buildings.
Buildings are responsible for 30-40 percent of all
energy use, greenhouse gases and waste generation.
In the long run, governments are encouraged to include
zero emission buildings policies and energy- and
resource-efficient buildings
Regulatory Framework for energy efficiency in India
• Energy Conservation Act, 2001
Created Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Appliance standards and labeling
Energy consumption norms, and energy-use reporting requirements for energy-intensive industrial units
Energy Conservation Building Code for commercial buildings
Certified Energy Managers and auditors
• National Action Plan for Climate Change, 2008
National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency provides mandate for market-based mechanisms to promote energy efficiency
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat seeks to incorporate energy-efficiency requirements in building byelaws
Technological change is the key
• Installation of energy-efficient infrastructure, equipment and appliances is essential for
– Meeting energy demand
– Managing energy security, and
– Meeting climate goals
• Technological transitions – both deployment and development - are important in
– Power generation
– Buildings, especially commercial buildings
– Equipment and appliances
– Industry
– Mobility
Information helps consumer decisions
STAR RATING FOR
BUILDINGS
Energy Performance Index:
Category of Building :
Type :
Climatic Zone :
Connected Load :Build up Area :
Name of the Building :
kWh/ sq m/ year
Bachat Lamp Yojna (Lamp Savings Project)– Of the approximately 1 billion light points in India,
about 600 million use CFLs
– CFL penetration in commercial sector is almost complete – but low in household sector
– “Bachat Lamp Yojana” facilitates firms in providing CFLs to households at the price of incandescent bulbs
– The difference in cost would be recovered through the carbon credits that accrue because of their lower energy use
Renewable Energy
• About 2.3 million jobs in
renewable energy sector in
comparison to 2 m employed
in oil & gas refining
industry in ’99.
• Projected investments of
US$ 630b in renewable energy
sector by 2030 would
translate into at least 20 m
jobs.
Renewable energy: case study
• China: RE sector generates output worth US $ 17 bill & employs 1 mill.
• Nigeria: a biofuels industry based on casava & sugar can provide 200,000 jobs
• India: 900,00 jobs could be created in the biomass gasification by 2025
• Bangladesh: At least 20,000 jobs have been created with the uptake of 3 renewable energy technologies (PV solar home systems biogas facilities, & improved cooking stoves)
But environmental taxes are an under-used tool in the EU
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.001
99
5
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
energy taxation transport taxation resource/pollution taxation
Environmental taxation as a percentage of GDP (distinguished between energy, transport and pollution/resource) in the EU-27.
We are no longer an Isolated State?
”अयं बन्धुरयं नेति गणना लघुचेिसाम ् | उदारचररिानां िुवसुधैव कुटुम्बकम ् || ”.
Economic Sustainability
“The major challenge—andopportunity—of our timeis to create a form ofcommerce that upliftsthe entire humancommunity of 6.5billion and does so ina way that respectsboth natural andcultural diversity.Indeed, that is theonly realistic andviable pathway to asustainable world, Andbusiness can—and must—lead the way.”
Stuart