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Green Development on Biomass
Biorefinery: a holistic approach targeting
bio-materials, chemicals and fuels
Yonghao Ni
Departments of Chemical Engineering and
Chemistry
University of New Brunswick, Canada
Outline
Introduction to Biomass
Present Utilization
Green Forest-Based Lifestyle
Integrated Biorefinery Strategies
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Lignocellulosic biomass
Wood, agricultural residues, energy crops, et al.
Major components
Cellulose, Hemicelluloses & Lignin.
90 billion tons per year.
Chemical formula (C6H10O5)n, β-glucosic bonds.
Cellulose
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Hemicellulose
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Xylan
Glucomannan.
A complex polymer of phenylpropane units.
Lignin
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Lignocellulosic
materials
Cellulose
(%)
Hemicellulose
(%)
Lignin
(%)
Hardwood 40-55 24-40 18-25
Softwood 45-50 25-35 25-35
Cotton 80-95 5-20 0
Wheat straw 30-35 45-50 10-15
Bagasse 40-45 28-30 19-21
Grasses 25-40 35-50 10-30
Courtesy of: M. Dakar
Composition of Biomass
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Present Utilization of Forest Biomass
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Solid Wood Industry Pulp and Paper Industry
Solid wood products
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Construction material
Durable goods
Packaging materials, et al.
Printing/writing
Packaging
Household consumables
Special paper, et al.
Pulp and paper products
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Challenges: Canadian Pulp and Paper Industry
Source: www.canforpulp.com
Our shelter: Woody structure, furniture,
decoration, wood inside and out
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Green Forest-Based Life Style
To live in a society where forest- based products penetrate into
every corner.
Bio- materials/ chemicals
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Cellulosic materials: regenerated
cellulose (rayon), water solube cellulosic
polymer, cellulose ethers/esters,
nano/micro-celluloses, et al.
Fine extractive/ lignin/ hemicelluloses
chemicals, such as manool/ linalool in
the fragrance industry, cosmetic
products (body lotions, shampoos,
shower gels, soaps, hairsprays, creams,
et al.)
Bio-Fuels
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
For cars
For airplanes
Other energy need.
Biomass Utilization Green Lifestyle Biorefinery
Adhesives,
Carbon fiber
Lignin
Biomass
Hemicellulose
CNC,NFC,Cellulose-derived
Cellulose
Fractionation
Biofuels Biomaterials/ chemicals
Ethanol, Butanol, et al.
PLA, PHA, PFA
Cellulose- based products
Nano-/ macro- cellulose and applications: medical/ health, testing, painting
Cellulose- based household products
Electro-conductive paper technology
Microfibril
Cell wallReed
Corn stalk
Bamboo
CNC
MFC
Novel Cellulose-Derived Products
Potential applications for nano- cellulose
Properties of Nanocellulose
Natural & Renewable
Biodegradability
Biocompatibility
High strength & modulus
High surface area &
aspect ratio
Chemical functionality
( for modification)
Moisture absorption
Others
Potential Applications
Industrial applications
Composites
Film, Filters, High strength
composites (automotive, aircraft ,
etc) , Construction materials
Coatings, paintings
Household/ Consumer products
Paper , Tissue, Board,
Security paper, Furniture, Food
package, Shampoo, et al.
Functional applications
Sensors, Heath and hygience,
Pharmaceuticals
Food
Functional dietary fiber,
Adsorption materials
(Sodium Cholate etc);
Low calorie content cream
Others
To improve abrasion
resistance of lacquer;
To improve strength and
hardness of lacquer film;
To increase UV-durability
of the lacquer with
inorganic nanoparticales;
As thickening agents.
NFC-based waterborne polyurethane coating
CNC-Based Blood Glucose Test Strips
Colorimetric detection of glucose level(Colorimetric time of 2 min,glucose solution concentration of 0.72, 1.80, 4.50
and 9.91 mg/mL)
NFC-loaded Triclosan For Antimicrobial Activity
No growth
Inhibition of
E. coli
100% growth
Inhibition of
E. coli
Potential Products
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Hand sanitizer
Tissue/napkin
Filters
Dietary Food:Adsorption of Sodium Cholate on Cationic MFC
Sodium Cholate binding ,
(g/mg DM) Mean± SEM
Sodium Cholate binding relative
to cholestyramine, %
Cationic NFC 57.95±0.3 29.74
Cholestyramine 194.86±0.5 100.00
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Cholestyramine side-effects:
Constipation
Increased risk for gallstones
Increased plasma triglycerides
Unwelcome smell
Microfibril cellulose:
Natural & non-toxic
Not digestable
Promoting bowel movement
Scentless
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CNC as a Template
CNC can be used as a
template for synthesizing
nano-materials/polymers e.
g., Nano- TiO2, SiO2 , Fe2O3
Due to:their distinct supramolecular
structure, flexible and
oriented molecular structure.
Application of NFC as a Template
Nano TiO2Nano SiO2
Nano ZnONano Fe2O3
CNC as Carriers
CNC used as carriers to
improve the dispersion of
spirooxazine (SO), a light-
induced switcher
Conductive Paper
Technology
Paper (nonconductive)
Pulp fiber
In-situ chemical polymerization
Electrically conductive
paper composites
conducting
polymer
Engineered fibers
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(Potential) Products
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Anti- static packaging bags for delicate electronics
Paper- based antenna
Hemicellulose- Derived Products
Hemicelluloses can be used to produce value-added
products with industrial significance, such as
Xylitol
Furfural
Lignin-Derived Products
Phenols
Plastic materials
Dispersants
Activated carbon
Surfactants
Carbon fibers
Fuels
Final words
Lignocellulosic materials already in our daily life
Further R & D activities
Driving for holistic approaches
Thank you!