Delft arnhem tak architecten open huis 18 november 2009 delft.
GREEN BLUE DELFT ZUID OOST - LUZ architecten Delft Zuidoost.pdf · project concentrated on...
Transcript of GREEN BLUE DELFT ZUID OOST - LUZ architecten Delft Zuidoost.pdf · project concentrated on...
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GREENBLUEDELFT ZUID OOST
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CONTENTS
1. Summary >introduction >timeline >results
2. Background >history >SEA:buildingtargets,greenand water
3. Green-Blue >introduction >watertargets >greentargets >alternativesolutionsforwater >alternativesolutionsforgreen >measures >TEEBinthecity
4. Follow-up >projectgains >lookingahead
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1. SUMMARY > introduct ion
DelftZuidoostischanging.Thedistrict,withdenselypopulatedresidentialareas,theUniversityofTechnology(TUDelft)campus,historicbuildingsandbusinessparks,isfacingvariousdevelopmentsincomingyears.Theadditionofhouses,studentaccommo-dationandthedevelopmentoftheTechnologicalInnovationCampus(TICDelft)needtobeaccompaniedbyanincreaseinthequalityofthelivingenvironment.Theobjectivesofthisurbanrenewalincludeadesignthatisrichinbothgreenandwaterelements.
TheGreen-Blueprojectwasinitiatedatthebeginningof2011bytheMunicipalityofDelft,DelflandWaterBoard,theDelftUniversityofTechnology(TUDelft),theTUNorthInterestGroup,studenthousingcorporationDUWO,andprojectdeveloperAMasadirectresultoftheStrategicEnvironmentalAssessment(SEA)oftheurbanzoningplansforDelftZuidoost(Southeast).TheSEAconcludesthattheplanneddevelopmentsintheareaarefeasible,providedthemunicipalpolicyconcerningwater,ecologyandsustainabilityisimplemented.WhenthecitycouncildiscussedtheSEA,itrequestedthatintegratedsolutionsbedevelopedtomeettheentiredistrict’sgreenandwatertargetstoinformthedraftingoftheurbanzoningplans.Thecouncilwantedtoavoidsituationswheresub-areasareexaminedinisolation,andonlyreactivelyinresponsetonewdevelopments.
TheGreen-Blueprojecthasresultedinanopportunitymapcontainingsome180potentialmeasures.Thesemeasureshavebeencombinedtoformaprojectmapwithanaccompanyinglistofprojects.Thisreportsetsoutthepaththathasledtotheseresults.
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2011 2012
First test-bed study ‘C l imate in the c i ty ’Thefirsttest-bedstudy,‘Climateinthecity’,wasorganisedinJanuary2010.ItwaspartofthestimulationprogrammeoftheMinistryofInfrastructureandEnvironment/Deltaprogramme,aimedatencouraginglocalcouncilstodevotemoreattentiontomeasuresthataddressclimatechangeinthecity.Thetest-bedbroughttolightthatwaterretentionispossibleinthepresenturbanenvironment.
Delft Makes a SplashThe‘DelftMakesaSplash’projectwascarriedoutinthespringof2010byaconsortiumofpartiesthatincludedtheMunicipalityofDelft.TheprojectconcentratedonparticipationandgeneratingideasonthesubjectofclimateadaptationinDelftZuidoost.Theoutcomeofthe‘DelftMakesaSplash’projectisalistofmeasuresthathavebeenincludedintheSEAreportasprojectedsolutionstomeetthewatertargetssetforthedistrict.Theprojectincreasedsupportamongstakeholdersforthesesolutionsandraisedawarenessthatgreenandwatercontributetothequalityoflife.
SEAIn2009,anumberofbuildingplansandseparatezoningplansforDelftZuidoostrequiredanStrategicEnvironmentalAssessment(SEA)report.SEAensuresthatenvironmentalconsiderationsareintegratedintothedecision-makingprocessforfuturezoningplans.TheSEAwasinitiatedon29January2010.Thefirsttest-bedstudy,‘Climateinthecity’(Klimaatindestad),andthe‘DelftMakesaSplash’(DelftSpettert)project,hadalreadystartedbythen.BothhelpedraiseawarenessontheimportanceofgreenandwaterelementsinDelftZuidoost.
TIC-DelftTICDelft1.0waspresentedinthespringof2011.TICDelftstandsfor‘TechnologicalInnovationCampusDelft’andexpressesthecity’sandtheuniversity’sambitiontoenhancetheknowledge-basedeconomyandtheinnovativestrengthoftheregion.TICDelftalsohasaspatialcontext,towhichthewholeareaofDelftZuidoostbelongs.TICDelft’sambitionistodesignasustainableinnovationcampus,i.e.onewhichisclimate-resilient,energy-neutralandwithasoundwaterbalance.TheGreen-Blueprojectshowsopportunitiesforaclimate-resilientdesignandarobustwaterstructure.ThemeasureslistedintheGreen-Blueprojectwillbefurtherdevelopedinsub-projectsofthespatialprogrammeofTICDelft2.0.
Second test-bed study ‘C l imate in the c i ty ’ and ‘ TEEB in the c ity ’ projectThesecond‘Climateinthecity’test-bedstudywassetupintheautumnof2011withfinancialaidfromtheMinistryofInfrastructureandEnvironment/DeltaProgramme.Delftalsoparticipatedinthe‘TEEBinthecity’projectoftheMinistryofEconomicAffairs,AgricultureandInnovation.The‘TEEBinthecity’projectbringsintoviewwhatthesocialcostsandbenefitsoftheentireGreen-Blueprojectare.Duringthetest-bedstudyworkshops,thespatialpossibilitiesforthreeoftheareaswerefurtherdeveloped,andthecostsandbenefitsoftheproposalsidentified.Thisfinalphaseledtotherealisationthatwaterandgreenelementscanalsobeeconomicallyattractive.
2010 2011
Green-Blue projectFollowingdraftingofthepreferredplanningalternativeintheSEAfortheurbanzoningplansatthebeginningof2011,integratedsolutionstomeetthegreenandwatertargetsneededtobefound.Tothisend,localstake-holdersworkedtogetherintheGreen-Blueproject.ThisresultedintheGreen-Blueopportunitymapcontaining180measures.Bylookingatthedistrictasawholeinsteadoftheseparatesub-areas,solutionshavebeendevisedthataremuchmore(cost)efficient.
1. SUMMARY > t imel ine
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1. SUMMARY > results
IntheGreen-Blueproject,existingmunicipalpolicyhasbeentranslatedintospecificmeasureswhichhavebeenclusteredintoprojects.Inthisway,themeasurescanbeintegratedwiththenewandongoingdevelopmentsintheareaordirectlyincorporatedintoanimplementationprogramme.
TheGreen-Blueprojecthasturnedouttobeasuccessfulwayofworkingthatcouldbeappliedinotherlocations.Theaddedvalueoftheprojectliesintwoaspects.Firstly,anarea’spotentialtorespondtoclimatechangewasstudiedindetail.Secondly,thiswasajointundertakingbythepartiesinvolved,ensuringthatitreflectedasmuchaspossibletheneedsandcapabilitiesofthepartieswhoinvolvedinredevelopmentofthearea.
Thishasproducedamethodthat,ontheonehand,providesflexibilityfordevelopersand,ontheotherhand,ensurestheambitionsofmunicipalpolicycanberealised. Opportunitymapwith180measures
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2. BACKGROUND > history of Delft Zuidoost
TherehavelongbeenplansfordensificationandurbanrenewalofDelftZuidoost.In2009,alawsuitledtothenullificationoftheTUNoordzoningplanbytheCouncilofState.InJanuary2010theCouncilofStateindicatedthatanEnvironmentalAssessmentreportwasneededfortheplan.
Situat ion in January 2010Whenallthesub-developmentsareaddedup,itappearsthatmorethan4,000newstudenthomesandhousesareplannedinthearea.Therearethreelocationswherethesedevelopmentscouldtakeplace.AspartoftheSEAproceduretheeffectsthatthevariousalternativeshaveonanumberofenvironmentalaspects,suchasthequalityofthelivingenvironment,waterandgreen,willbeassessed.Atthesametime,thereareinitiativesfromthegovernment,themunicipalityandwaterspecialiststoconductstudiesintothepossibilitiesofclimateadaptationinthearea.Atthattimethemunicipalityhadtwoimportantpolicydocumentsintheareaofwaterandgreen:theWaterStructureVisionandtheEcologyPlan.
Water Structure Vis ionTheWaterStructureVisionforDelftsetsoutthemunicipality’swaterpolicyforitsentireterritory.Adevelopmentprogrammespecifiestheimplicationsofthepolicyforeachsub-area.Itincludesalong-termplanwithaself-sufficientwatersystemforDelftZuidoost.
Ecology Plan 2004-2015IntheEcologyPlan,theMunicipalityofDelftdescribeshowitintendstopreserveanddevelopthediversityofnatureincomingyearstoensurequalityoflifeforitscitizens,inthecontextofongoingsocialandeconomicdevelopments.
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hetvoorkeursalternatief(VKA)uithetMER
2. BACKGROUND > SEA: bui lding targets , green and water
Bui lding targetsTheSEAassessestheproposedbuildingactivitiesinrelationtovariousenvironmentalaspectsinDelftZuidoost.Thebuildingtargetsinclude:>About5,000newhomes,ofwhich3,000studentapartments.>Projectsintheareaoftourism,businessdevelopmentandeducationalfacilities.
TheSEAcomparedvariousalternatives.DifferentbuildingsiteswereconsideredintheSEA,andtheireffectsongreen,waterandthequalityofthelivingenvironmentwerestudiedandcompared.TheSEAalsoexploreswhetherthedevelopmentsfitwithinmunicipalpolicy,includingtheWaterPlan(andWaterStructureVision),theEcologyPlanandtheDelftSustainabilityPlan.
Basedontheresultsofthestudy,theMostEnvironmentallyFriendlyPlanAlternativeandthePreferredPlanAlternativeweredetermined,whichdifferonlyslightlyfromeachother.ThePreferredPlanAlternative,combinesthetraffic,waterandecologicalstructureswiththeplannedbuildingtargets,whichhadnotbeendonebefore.
Green in the SEAIntheDelftEcologyPlan2004-2015,theMunicipalityofDelftformulatedtwoprimaryobjectivesforurbanecology:>Realisationanddevelopmentofahighqualityecologicalstructure.>Maintainingabalancedrelationshipbetweennatureandthebuiltenvironment,takingintoaccounttheaccessibilityandnaturalqualityofareas.
TheSEAteststhealternativesagainstbothprimaryobjectives:>TheSEAassumesthatDelft’sMainEcologicalStructurewillhavebeenrealisedinthereferenceyear(2023),butconcludes:“Atpresent,itcancertainlynotberuledoutthatDelftZuidoost’szoning-plantargetswillhaveaffectDelft’sMainEcologicalStructureadversely.”(SEA,p.157).>TheSEAshowsthatrelativelylittlegreenisaddedtothearea,whereas5,000homeswillbeadded.Therearealsoprojectsplannedinplaceswheregreenelementsarecurrentlypresent.“TheobjectiveformulatedintheEcologyPlan,of‘maintainingabalancedrelationshipbetweennatureandbuildings’willthereforebecompromised.”(SEA,p.159).TheSEAstatesthatcompensationandmitigationwillthereforeberequired.
Water in the SEATheSEAdescribesfourassessmentcriteriaforwater:retentioncapacity,waterquality,watersafetyandtheriskofgroundwaterflooding.TheSEAassumesthattheentirewaterstructureoftheWaterStructureVisionisincludedintheplanalternatives.Thereportobserves:“Basedontheavailableretentionat[awaterlevelincreaseof]30cmandtheincludedwatertargets,ashortageofapproximately35,000m3canbeexpectedforthenamedareas.Theshortagewillonlypartlyberesolved[bytheimprovementproposalsoftheWaterSystemAnalysisandWaterStructureVision].Ultimately,additionalmeasuresarenecessary.”(SEA,p.131/132).Theaforementionedimprovementproposalsonlyprovideanadditionalwaterretentioncapacityof7,000m3.Theseimprovementproposalshavenotyetbeenimplemented.
Green-Blue project as fol low-up of SEAInsum,theSEApointsoutthatthe‘mainstructures’forgreenandwater–Delft’sMainEcologicalStructureandtheWaterStructureVision–stillneedtoberealised.TheSEAalsoconcludesthatevenwhenthesemainstructuresarerealised,thetargetsforgreenandwaterwillnotbefullymet.TheGreen-Blueprojectaddressedthisgap.
SEA:PreferredPlanAlternative
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3. GREEN-BLUE > introduct ion
TheGreen-BlueprojectwassetuptodeviseintegratedsolutionsforthewaterandgreentargetsthatweredescribedintheSEA.
TheprojectisacollaborativeeffortbytheMunicipalityofDelft,TUReal-Estate,DUWO,TUNoordInterestGroup,DelflandWaterBoardandAMHousing.Togethertheydefinedthetargets,formulatedprojectedsolutionsandmappedoutpossiblemeasuresforincorporatinggreenandwater.Theprojectteamalsoparticipatedinthe‘TEEBinthecity’project,forwhichWitteveen&BoscarriedoutaSocialCost-BenefitAnalysisinordertogaininsightintothecostsandbenefitsofthegreenandbluemeasures.
Thetargets,theprojectedsolutions,thepossibilitiesandtheparticipationinthe‘TEEBinthecity’projectareaddressedbelow.
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3. GREEN-BLUE > water targetsThewatertargetscombinethefindingsoftheSEA,theresultsfromthefirsttest-bedstudyand‘DelftMakesaSplash’,themunicipality’spolicyfromtheWaterStructureVisionandtheinformationfromDelflandWaterBoard’sWaterCatchmentStudy.
Water retent ion capacityThewater-retentiontargetissetbytheWaterStructureVisionandtheSEAat35,000m3withanaveragewater-levelriseof30cm.Thisfigurewascalculatedusingtheso-calledABCstandardoftheDelflandWaterBoard:325m3/ha.Thisstandardindicatesthatifthereis325m3ofwaterretentioninanaverageurbanareaof1ha,thewaterwayswillnotfloodmorethanoncein100yearsonaverage.TheDelflandWaterBoard’sobjectiveisthatin2050theurbanareadoesnotfloodmoreoftenthanoncein100yearsonaverage.Thechanceoffloodingisnowhigher,theareasidentifiedintheso-called‘RubberBootMap’(Laarsjeskaart)mayfloodoncein10years.
Water qual i tyIndryperiods,thewatersysteminDelftZuidoostisrefreshedorreplenishedwithwaterfromtheSchiewaterways(the‘boezem’).Thequalityofthiswaterisnotoptimal.Toimprovewaterqualityinthearea,itisimportanttoretaincleanrainwaterforalongertimeandtokeepitclean.Thereareavarietyofmeasuresthatcouldcontributetothis.Forexample,thecreationofmoresurfacewaterbodiessothatrainwatercanberetainedforlonger,thedisconnectionofthesewersystemsothatsoiledsewagewaternolongerentersthewaterways,andthecreationofnature-friendlymarginsandbanks,whichwillimprovewaterquality.
S p a t i a l q u a l i t yThefirst‘Climateinthecity’test-bedstudyandthe‘DelftMakesaSplash’projectledtotherealisationthatthereismoretowaterthanjustthetechnicalcomponent.Waterthatcanbeseenandexperiencedbypeopleactuallycontributessignificantlytothequalityofthelivingenvironment.SolvingthewaterproblemandsimultaneouslyincreasingthequalityofthelivingenvironmenthasbeenexplicitlydefinedasatargetintheGreen-Blueproject.
FloodingThereisariskoffloodingintheareaduetoalackofcapacitytoretainwater.Rainwaterthatfallsonstreetsandroofsduringaheavydownfalliscollectedbythesewersystemandentersthewaterwaysintheareaviatheseweroverflows.Inparticular,thewaterretentioncapacityinthenorthernpartoftheareaistoosmalltoabsorballthatrainfall.Asaresult,thewaterwaysflood.Inaddition,theunder-groundconnectionsbetweentwowaterways(calledculverts)areoftentoosmall,sothatthewaterisunabletodischargequicklyenoughtothelowerlyingarea.Thethirdproblemisthatthesewersystemcollectsthemajorityofrainwaterandthenchannelsitintothewater-ways.Thesewersarenotdesignedtocopewithextremelyheavydownfalls,whichcanoccasionallyresultinexcesswaterremainingonthestreetsandevenflowingintohouses.Themapshownaboveisanadaptationoftheso-called‘RubberBootMap’(Laarsjeskaart)fromtheDelflandWaterBoard’sWaterCatchmentStudy.Itshowstheplaceswherefloodingcouldoccurandwheretheculvertsaretoosmall.
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3. GREEN-BLUE > green targets
ThegreentargetscombinethefindingsoftheSEA,theresultsfromthefirsttest-bedstudy,‘DelftMakesaSplash’,andthepolicyfromtheMunicipalityofDelft’sEcologyPlan.Thegreentargetsaddressmorethanecologyaloneandareapproachedfromdifferentperspectives:
Ecological greenTheaimistoenhanceDelft’sMainEcologicalStructure.Plantandanimalhabitatsareunderpressure.Theydependfortheirsurvivalonexistingcorridorsandareastheycancolonise.
Enjoyable greenMorepeople,residentsandusers,willbelivingandworkinginthearea.Morepeoplemeansmoredemandandnecessityforrecreational,enjoyablegreen.
Funct ional greenGreenalsohasanumberof‘functionalqualities’.Itcontributestothereductionofheatstressandtotheimprovementofairqualitybycapturingparticulates.
Economic greenGreencontributestoapleasantlivingandworkingenvironmentandtoproductivity.Itincreaseslivingenjoyment,andwithitpropertyvalues.Moreover,awell-designedgreenstructurepromotespublicsafety.
Green and the qual i ty of the l iv ing environmentManypartsDelftZuidoosthavebeencompletelypavedoverandbuilton.Thefuturebuildingtargetswillresultinevenlessroomforgreen.Areaswith‘hard’materials,suchasbuildingsandpaving,warmupmuchquickerthanareaswith‘soft’elements,suchasplants.ThemapaboveisanadaptationofmeasurementdatafromTNO(anindependentresearchinstitute).Itshowsthatthesurfacetemperatureofbuiltupareas(purple)cansometimesbe9degreeshigherthanareasrichintreesandplants(green).Inaddition,agreenenvironmentincreaseslivingenjoyment:everyonewantstoliveinastreetwithtrees.Greenrecreationalspacesinthevicinityenhancesocialcohesioninthedis-trictandinviteoutdoorexerciseandplay.Residentscanmaketheirownenvironmentgreener,smallmeasuresthatrequirelittleeffortoftenhavegreateffect.
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1. Add new waterAlotofwaterelementshavebeenadded,especiallytothenorthernarea,suchasapondintheKanaalhof,theJulianalaanandtheextensionofthewatersystemaroundJaffacemetery.
3. Effect ive use of the systemFindoutwhatisnecessaryandwhatispossibleforeacharea.Examples:makingmoreeffectiveuseoftheretentionareaaroundWatertuinenbyplacingweirs.
2. Robust water structureThenorthernareadrainsviatworoutesintothe‘roundabout’aroundJaffa,andfromthereviathreeroutestothedrainagechannelandpumpingstationontheBalthasarvanderPolweg.
0. Present s i tuat ion
3. GREEN-BLUE > solut ion alternat ives for water
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3. GREEN-BLUE > solut ion alternat ives for green
1. Green structuresTheexistinggreenstructureisstrengthenedwhenthecurrentlymissingsegmentsarecompletedandbymakingnewconnections,sothatanintricatenetworkiscreated.
3. Greening of sectorsStrengthenandsupplementgreenonasmallscale,appropri-atetothespatialstructuresofthatsector.Examplesaregreenroofs,residents’projectsandnestingboxes.
2. Green spacesNewparksarelaidout,forinstanceinWatertuinen,andtheecologicalqualityandexperienceofexistinggreenspaces,suchasKanaalhofandtheJaffacemetery,isimproved.
0. Present s i tuat ion
Themapindicatesthespeciesforwhichnewhabitatscanbecreated.
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nr. kans effect op groen‐ecologie effect op groen‐beleefbaar
effect op klimaatadaptatie
effect op waterberging effect op waterstructuur combinatie met een ontwikkeling
technische haalbaarheid score effectiviteit
A2 Aanleg nieuwe waterpartij in de Kanaalhof, doorlopend in Botanische Tuin en op gebied achter Science Centre.
2 3 3 3 1 ontwikkeling Kanaalhof
goed 12
A12 Michiel de Ruyterweg: trambaantijdelijk inzaaien met bloemenmengsel 1 3 0 0 0 nee goed 4B6 Aanleg natuurvriendelijke oevers Prins Bernhardlaan en helofytenfilters aanplanten op
overstortplaat gemengd riool.3 1 0 1 0 nee redelijk tot goed 5
C1 Bewonersprojecten opzetten m.b.t. water vasthouden: groene daken, afkoppelen van daken en tuinen en water opvangen in binnentuinen van bouwblokken.
1 2 1 0 0 nee goed 4
C2 Bewonersprojecten opzetten m.b.t. vergroenen leefomgeving: groene daken, ontharden tuinen, geveltuinen, boomspiegels, nestvoorzieningen voor vogels, herinirchting besloten groengebiedjes.
1 2 1 0 0 nee goed 4
K2 Realiseren van extra waterberging door aanleg van een wadi in het park. Deze wadi kan functioneren als een "droge" berging met een stuw die het water gereguleerd afvoerd naar het watersysteem. Zo veel mogelijk daken en verhard oppervlak afkoppelen op deze wadi.
0 0 0 3 0 ontwikkeling Watertuinen
goed 3
I5 Groene daken/daktuinen/verblijfsruimten aanleggen op alle geplande nieuwbouw. 1 3 2 1 0 ontwikkeling Midden‐West
goed 7
J14 Op het voormalig Bouwkunde‐terrein tijdelijk natuur geschikt voor buitensport/recreatie of recreatief functioneel zoals kwekerij, fruittuin of boomgaard. Mogelijk ook expositieterrein voor studentenprojecten.
1 3 1 0 0 ontwikkeling voormalig Bouwkunde
goed 5
Project Groenblauw ‐ maatregelenmatrix Page 1 of 1 30 oktober 2011
3. GREEN-BLUE > measures
Opportunity map and measuresThealternativesolutionsforwaterandgreenwerejointlydevelopedinanopportunitymapandinalistofabout180differentmeasures.
Effect iveness, feasibi l i ty and costsThemeasureswerecomparedandscoredinordertoassesstheireffectiveness.Eachmeasurewasevaluatedagainstthecontributionitwouldmaketoecology,habitatquality,waterretention,waterstructureandclimateadaptation.Thetechnicalfeasibilitywasexaminedinordertoassessthepracticalityofthemeasures:isittechnicallyorspatiallypossibletoaddgreenelementsortomakeawaterway?Andcanmeasuresbeincludedinexistingprojects?(Creatingworkwithwork).Subsequently,anestimatewasmadeofthecostofeachmeasure.Thatestimatewasinitiallymadebythestakeholdersthemselvesandverifiedlaterwithexistingindicativefigures.Theeffectivenessofeachmeasure,combinedwithitstechnicalfeasibilityandcosts,resultsintheefficiencyofeachmeasure.Anumberofmeasuresappeartobeveryefficient:
Nature-fr iendly margins and banksNature-friendlymarginsandbanksscorehighonecology,greenexperienceandwaterretention,andarerelativelyinexpensivetorealiseandmanage.Nature-friendlymarginsandbanksareactuallymuchcheapertocreatethantimber-facedbanksorpavedquaysides.However,theydotakeupmorespace.
Green roofsGreenroofsorroofgardensscorewellonfourofthefivecriteria:theyofferapleasantenvironmentforpeople,plantsandanimals,captureparticulates,reducetheheatingoftheroof,retainrainwaterandprovidecoolingthroughrainwaterevaporation.Greenroofscanalsobewater-retaining.Forthis,theywouldneedtobeofacertainthickness,whichwouldalsomakethemalotmoreexpensive.Greenroofscanberecom-mendedinanysituation,whilewater-retaininggreenroofsareonlyrecommendedwhenwaterretentionisnotpossiblebyothermeans.
Biodivers ity measures Smallmeasuresforenhancingbiodiversityhaveagreatimpact,whilebeinginexpensiveorevenfreeofcost.Therightchoiceof(native)plantspeciesandtheplantingoffruit-bearingtreesandshrubswillattractinsects,birdsandothersmallanimals.Afurtherexampleistheplacingofnestingboxesandinsecthotels.
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overview of Green-Blue project benef its
increasedlivingenjoyment
reducedflooding
improvedairquality
increasedrecreation
increasedsecurity
reducedenergyconsumption
3. GREEN-BLUE > TEEB in the c ity
SCBA method for munic ipal i t iesTheMunicipalityofDelftsubmittedtheGreen-Blueprojectforthenationwideprogramme‘TEEBinthecity’.TEEBstandsfor‘TheEconomicsofEcosystemsandBiodiversity’,andisaninternationalcooperation.TheNetherlandsparticipatesintheinitiativethroughtheTEEB-NLprogramme.‘TEEBinthecity’ispartofTEEB-NLandisaprojectinvolving12municipalitiesandtheMinistryofEconomicAffairs,AgricultureandInnovation.Inthisprojectamethodisbeingdevelopedtopresentthesocialbenefitsofgreen-bluemeasuresatthemunicipallevel.Thisistoensurethatnotonlythecostsbutalsothesocialbenefitsareincludedwhendecidingonprojects.TheTEEBmethodisbasedonanSCBA(SocialCost-BenefitAnalysis)andconsistsofdifferentlayers.Itbeginswithanassessmentofthebenefits:whatarethesocialbenefitsofagreen-bluemeasure?Thenextlayerquantifiesandcalculatesthosebenefitsandinvestments.Athirdlayerthenexaminesfinancingconstructions,inwhichbenefitsandinvestmentsaredivided.
A posit ive SCBA for Delft ZuidoostThecostsandbenefitswerecalculatedforallofthemeasuresontheopportunitymap.Thestakeholdershadalreadymadeanestimateofthecosts,whichwerereviewedinthispartoftheprocess.Inthisphasethecostswereestimatedat17millioneuros.Witteveen&Bos(aconsultancy)calculatedthebenefitsaspartofthe‘TEEBinthecity’project.Theseweredividedinto6maingroups:livingenjoyment,flooding,airquality,recreation,socialsafetyandenergy.Therewerealsobenefitsthatwerenotcalculatedduetoalackofavailabledata.Theseincludeheatstress,productivityandbiodiversity.Thetotalbenefitswerecalculatedat27millioneuros.Thebenefits,therefore,workouttobemuchhigherthantheinvestments:calculatedproofthatGreen-BluewillmakeapositivecontributiontothedevelopmentsinDelftZuidoost.
Using TEEB in design sess ionsInthetest-bedstudyofautumn2011,threesub-areaswereanalysedfurtheranddesignedusingtheoutcomesmentionedearlierandtheTEEBworkingmethod.Lookingatthepotentialbenefitsinthiswayprovedtobeanalternativewayofthinkingthataddsanewdimensiontothedesignprocess:>Thinkingaboutthebenefitsandadvantagesinsteadofthecostsandlimitationscangeneratenewspatialsolutions.>Themethodalsolistsandquantifiesqualitiesthatareoftendifficulttograspconcretely,suchasairqualityandsocialsafety.Thealternativewayofthinking,however,doesnotdirectlysolvetheissueofinvestment.Theabilitytoreasonandcalculateintermsofsocialandfinancialbenefitsdoesnotactuallymeanthattheresponsibilitiesforinvestmentcostsaretherebysettled.TEEBappearstohavebeenaveryusefulstepintheGreen-Blueproject.Financingconstructions,however,willneedtobeexaminedfurther.
The calculated benef its of Green-Blue>Increasedlivingenjoyment:theincreaseinlivingenjoymentisreflectedinthevaluationofhousesandotherrealestate.Researchshowsthatthevalueofahousecanrisebyasmuchas11%whenthegardenbacksdirectlyontoastretchofwater.Also,whenaparkisaddedintheneighbourhoodthevaluerisesby6%.>Reducedflooding:animprovedwaterstructurewillreducefloodingandwillsavecosts(offlooddamageandclean-up).Watertreatmentcostswillalsobesavedwhencleanrainwaterisdrainedviasurfacewaterchannelsinsteadofthroughthesewersystem.>Improvedairquality:particulatesarecollectedbytrees,greenroofsandreedsinnature-friendlymarginsandbanks.Itisknownhowmanykilogramsofparticulatesthatatreeorasquaremetreofreedcancollectperyear.Throughacalculation,itispossibletotranslatethereductionintheamountofparticulatesintoanincreaseinhealth.>Increasedrecreation:peoplearewillingtopayforrecreationalexperiences,beitforpetrolforthejourneyorforawalkingguide.The‘value’isdeterminedbyhowmuchpeoplearewillingtopayforarecreationalvisit.Newrecreationalpossibilitiesinaneighbourhoodmeanthat‘recreationalvalue’isbeingadded.>Increasedsocialsafety:thisbenefitisexpressedthroughthesavingsmadeonremovalexpensesanddelinquencycosts,bothofwhicharereducedwhenthedistrict’sgreenstructureimproves.>Reducedenergyconsumption:thisconcernstheenergysavingsmadethroughtheinsulation-valueofgreenroofs.
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4. FOLLOW-UP > project gains
TheGreen-BlueprojectsimultaneouslydesignedandassessedthemeasuresthatcouldofferanintegratedsolutiontomeetthegreenandwatertargetsinDelftZuidoost.Whatisstrikinginthisprojectisitsdegreeofdepthandscope:180feasiblemeasureshavebeenlisted.Thatisextraordinary,sinceaspatialplanningprocessisoftenlimitedtoambitionsandgeneraldirectionsforsolutions.However,withoutfurtherdevelopmentofthese,policyimplementationoftenstagnatesatthelevelofgoodintentions.TheGreen-Blueprojectillustratestheaddedvalueofdescribingmeasuresconcretely,andinrelationtoeachother,inthespatialplanningvision.
Theaddedvalueisalsovisibleintheprocess.Thestakeholderscloselycollaboratedfromtheonsetoftheproject.Continuallyshowingwhattheconcretesolutionscouldbe,helpedthepartiesinvolvedunderstandwhattheconsequencesforanspecificareawouldbe.Thatdegreeofclarityandstakeholdercollaborationhasresultedinaplanthatiswidelyendorsed.
4. FOLLOW-UP > looking ahead
Nowthatthepossibilitiesandopportunitiesareclear,thefollow-upphaseneedstofocusontheactualrealisationofmeasures.Whichmeasurescanbelinkedtoexistinginfrastructureprojects,whichcanbeincludedinspatialandeconomicdevelopmentprojects,andwhichcanbeincludedinthestakeholders’implementationprogrammes?Whenconsideringthe(financial)implicationsinselectingwhichmeasurestoimplement,itisimportanttoalwayskeepinmindtheintegralrelationshipbetweenthemeasures.
Tosafeguardthisintegratedapproach,thestakeholderswillcontinuetocollaborateinthefollow-upphase.Notonlytofulfilthequantitativegreenandwatertargets,butalsobecauseagoodgreenandbluedevelopmentofDelftZuidoostcontributestoaninnovationcampuswithagoodqualitylivingenvironment.
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CREDITS
Green-Blue project :MunicipalityofDelft MaartjeScholten(projectleader) SjoerdEisenga DinyTubbing KarlaKampman BobvanderNol RobertSchneiderLUZarchitecten HeleenBothof(projectleader)DelflandWaterBoard JaapKorfTUDelft,DepartmentofRealEstate RonaldKuil FrankvanSchadewijkDUWO ArjoBoerstra JoostMulderAM&Staedion ErikRaadTUNoordInterestGroup PieterDelleman ErikvanHunnik Second ‘Cl imate in the c i ty ’ test-bed:MinistryofInfrastructureandEnvironment JanElsinga RoelTeeuwenMunicipalityofDelft MaartjeScholten(projectleader)LUZarchitecten HeleenBothof(projectleader)MBDSO MichielBrouwerBuroJA JanneskaSpoelmanWitteveen+Bos UrsulaKirchholtes
Publ icat ion:LUZarchitecten HeleenBothof(projectleader)MBDSO MichielBrouwer
Images:LUZarchitecten p1-p4,p7-p8,p10-p11,p15,p18,p20-p28, p30,p32,p34,p41-p42,p48,p50MunicipalityofDelft p6-p7,p16ScienceCentreTUDelft p35MBDSO p5,p7,p19,p38-p39BuroJA p33,p36-p37,p40opMAAT p6,p12-p13LoesKellendonkArchitectuur p144:69AMArchitecten p9EgbertGramsbergen p22
January 2012
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architecten