Greek Drama - Denton ISD...Sophocles •He wrote 123 plays, all appreciated and awarded in dramatic...
Transcript of Greek Drama - Denton ISD...Sophocles •He wrote 123 plays, all appreciated and awarded in dramatic...
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Greek
Drama
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Greek Tragedy
Characteristics:
The tragedy is communicated in the form of drama.
The story features the downfall of a dignified character.
The events of the story are
of great significance.
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The Tragic Hero
The hero is neither completely good nor completely bad. &
He is decent but flawed.
He arouses pity and fear in the audience through identification.
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Tragic Flaw
The hero shows weakness
or error in judgment.
Pride or arrogance are often typical of the
hero’s downfall.
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Catastrophe
The hero realizes the outcome of his actions, but it is often too late. Different from a sad event, the catastrophe has major implications beyond those of just the hero. Often there is multiple deaths. If the hero doesn’t die, he suffers complete ruin.
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Classical Greek Drama
•The drama has a religious origin, which dates back to the sixth century B. C.
•Celebrations were in honor of Dionysus (the god of wine, vegetation, pleasure and festivity)
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The TheaterOutdoors, thousands attended the drama, which involved great spectacle and pageantry. The orchestra was seated between the skene (a building which served as the backdrop for the action and a dressing room for the actors) and the audience
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Chorus
• The chorus (a large group) gave commentary on the actions of the actors, sang and danced; they were often responsible for communicating the values, beliefs, and ideals of the Athenian society.
– strophe: part of the ode chanted as chorus moves from right to left across stage
– antistrophe: part of ode chanted as the chorus moves back across stage from left to right.
• The choragus is the leader of the chorus and participates in the dialogue with the actors.
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Chorus/Actors
• All tragedies were once performed by a chorus only.
–Thespis became the legendary first actor when he stepped from the chorus and began playing the part of a god, rather than just reciting the story (choragus).
• Sophocles was first tragedian to introduce the third actor.
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Actors
• Actors were men, even female roles.
• They wore elaborate costumes, including elaborate masks.
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The Role of Myth
• The birth of drama has its origins in myth.
• Subjects were familiar to the audience.
• Gods and goddesses are alluded to quite often in dialogue and for their influence.
• The foundation of most Greek drama is usually the characters’ struggle to live in honor and fear of the gods.
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Myths, cont.
• Individuals such as the blind prophet Tiresias communicate the wishes of the gods.
• Dramatic irony is a common element because the audience is familiar with the outcome of the play.
Tiresias appears to Odysseus ---Johann Heinrich Füssli, c. 1780-85
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Greek Drama Terms
• Parodos –
– a song sung by a Greek chorus as it first enters the theatre
– used mainly in presenting the information already given
• Paean - \pē-ən\
– Hymn that is an appeal to the gods for assistance
• Exodus –
– Last episode in the play
– Addresses the audience directly
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Sophocles
• He wrote 123 plays, all appreciated and awarded in dramatic competitions. Only seven plays survive.
– Works: Ajax , Antigone, Oedipus the King, Trachiniae, Electra, Philoctetes and Oedipus at Colonus.
• Sophocles recognized three epochs in his own style
– first, the beginning inspired by Aeschylus
– second, with a more harsh expression
– third, the interest for describing human character.
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Aristotle
• Aristotle (Poetics) thought that the two functions of art were:
1) to teach (instruct)
2) to delight (entertain)
• Aristotle describes catharsis as the purging of the emotions of pity and fear that are aroused in the viewer of a tragedy. Debate continues about what Aristotle actually means by catharsis, but the concept is linked to the positive social function of tragedy -the release of pent-up emotion or energy
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Greek Tragedy
Oedipus, a legendary character, is the subject of one famous Greek trilogy dramatized by Sophocles.
–Oedipus Rex (The King), Oedipus at Colonus, and Antigone
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Oedipus Review
King Laius/Queen Jocasta of Thebes *King/Queen of Corinth
(raised Oedipus)
Oedipus m. Jocasta *Creon is Jocasta’s brother