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Greek civilization
A PRESENTATION BY
AR. DHANASHRI MIRAJKARM. ARCH. SEM I-2015-16
DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE, JNEC, AURANGABAD.1
agora
gymnasionbouleterion
statues
acropolisstadion
Open air theater
cemetery
temple
agoratemple
Open air theater
acropolis
gymnasion
cemeterystatues
The Ancient Greeks were the people who lived in Greece about 3,500 years ago. Greece is a country in south east Europe. It has an area of mainland, which is very mountainous, and hundreds of small islands dotted around in the Aegean and Ionian seas.
Location
Time line of Classical Greece 2000 B.C. to 300 B.C.
Sumerian Civilization 12000 B.C. to 3000 B.C.
Greek Civilization 2000 B.C. to 300 B.C.
Egyptian Civilization Second Millennium B.C.
Greek Civilization
During The Greek period ‘City States’ were flourished.
By 7th Century B.C., the nobles became the rulers & Athens came under the rule of tyrants.
Consequently, land holding peasant classes developed.
5th Century B.C. Democracy took roots in Athens
Magistrates were elected.. philosophy was nurtured Science was investigated….An environment of culture was
developed by people like
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle…
Greek Towns
The GOD
Administration Dwelling Houses
Greek Towns Structure
City Plan Served
Soldiers
Craftsman Workers City satisfied
Circulation
Hygiene Defense
Greek Cities Characteristics
Most of the Greek cities had the following characteristics:
The temples were built upon Acropolis.
Wandering & unpaved lanes
No drainage & sanitation
Water was got from the local wells.
The wastes were disposed off on the streets.
There were no palaces
Even public buildings were less apart from temples.
A common assembly place PNYX was there.
An irregularly shaped market place AGORA
There were no class distinction in the society.
In the houses, rooms surrounded the courtyards having windowless facades.
AgoraPublic spaces played a very important role in the life of the Greeks
AGORAthe main MARKET place
5% space of city occupied
Faced by
1/5th of width & depth of city
the centre of the city
Assembly HallCouncil HallCouncil Chamber
Panathenaic Way
Through the Architectural form of a structure, Architect can channel the movement of people through purposeful routes of movement & points of pause , influencing the nature of their responses…
One of the brilliant examples of a human channel of movement is the Panathenaic procession in ancient Greece.
Panathenaic is the ancient city festivals of Greeks…specially Athletics
It occur every year - & in an especially rich manner every four years – as a major event in civic life of Athens.
This procession took place along a clearly marked route extending from the Dipylon Gate at the city wall across Athens & up the slopes of Acropolis to the culminating point, the statue of goddess Athena.
Goddess Athena.
the Dipylon Gate
Town planning by Abir Bandopadhyay
https://www.google.co.in/search
Panathenaic Procession
This route was used by the citizens of Athens every day of their lives for a multiplicity of purposes.
Its use must always have raised association with the brilliant & beautiful procession all of them had witnessed since childhood.
From the time of its first beginning in archaic days, the panathenaic procession & the sensations of those taking part in it gave the central theme to the development of Athens.
There was the simplicity of the single central movement system through the city..there was the understanding of value of memory & of response to forms.
Panathenaic procession was the central organizing force in the Architectural & Planning development of Athens….
Design of Cities by Edmund N. Bacon
Evolution of Athens through Panathenaic Procession
600-479 B.C.
478-339 B.C.
338-86 B.C.
86 B.C.–287 A.D.
Panathenaic way was far more than a city street.
It continued diagonally across the originally amorphous space of the agora or market place, & on top the slopes of the Acropolis through the Propylaea to the statue of Athena.
It served both as the sacred way & also as the main street of Athens.
It was the central spine along which the principal mercantile, industrial, & political activities which made up life of city…
Design of Cities by Edmund N. Bacon
Study of Athens
www.slideshare.com
Hippodamus & Miletus….In the later part of 5th century B.C., Hippodamus, an architect from Miletus, advocated an outstanding theory in the history of town planning by applying GRID IRON pattern of road layout.
This system was introduced to rebuilt the Greek cities which were destructed by the Persian invasion.
For laying out the perpendicular roads, individual buildings were made the common denominator & the functions of the buildings were given importance.
The rough topography of Greek cities lead to creation of steps on the roads, which did not create much problems as most of the movement were on foot..
Map of Miletus….
During the Hellenistic period, many public buildings were added…ODEION, TREASURY, LIBRARY, PRISON…were added to AGORA, BATHS, STADIA…
Methods of Design Growth
1. Growth by Accretion – Space as Connector…
2. Axes as Connector…
Accretion – Increase, Addition
Design of Cities by Edmund N. Bacon
Methods of Design Growth
3. Mass as Connector…
4. Growth by Accretion – Spaces as connectors…
Design of Cities by Edmund N. Bacon
Bibliography
Design of Cities by Edmund N. Bacon
www.slideshare.com
https://www.google.co.in/search
Town planning by Abir Bandopadhyay