Greek Civilization Hellenistic Culturegreenwo · PDF fileGreek Civilization Geography and ......
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Transcript of Greek Civilization Hellenistic Culturegreenwo · PDF fileGreek Civilization Geography and ......
Copyrigh
t by Th
e McG
raw-H
ill Com
panies.
NAME DATE CLASS
Greek Civilization
Geography and History Activity
Lesson 4 Hellenistic Culture
Understanding Location: HellenisticCitiesSoonafterthedeathofAlexandertheGreat,hisempirewasdividedintothreekingdomsandthensome50yearslater,afourthkingdom.TherulersandwealthycitizensoftheselandswantedtoimportGreekcultureintotheirkingdoms.TheybuiltnewcitiesandwantedtomakethemlikeAthensandotherGreekculturalcenters.TheybroughtinGreekarchitectsandsculptorstoplanandbuildthenewcities.TheHellenisticcitiesbecamegreatcentersoflearning,filledwithlarge,beautifulbuildingsanddecoratedwithsculptureandart.
Location and CitiesWaterwasacriticalfactorastowherenewcitieswerebuiltandwhethertheythrived.Locationonaseamadetravelandtradeeasier.Asupplyoffreshwaterwasessentialforsurvivalfordrinking,growingfood,andcleaning.
ThemostimportantofthenewcitieswasAlexandria,Egypt.IthadtwoharborsontheMediterraneanSea.RainwatercollectionsystemsandacanaltotheNileRiverguaranteedasupplyoffreshwater.Inaddition,AlexandriasmuseumandlibraryattractedscholarsfromallovertheHellenisticworld.Thegreatlighthouse,knownasthePharosofAlexandria,wasoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.
Anothercity,Antioch,inwhatisnowTurkey,wasoneofthenewHellenisticcitiesandthecapitaloftheSeleucidKingdom.TheharborofAntiochwasatthemouthoftheOrontesRiver.Antiochslocationatthewesternendofanoverlandtraderoutemadeitabusycity,visitedbypeoplefromallovertheHellenisticworld.GoodscamefromtheEastandwerethenshippedbyseatoportsallaroundtheMediterranean.LikeAlexandria,Antiochwasaninternationalandstylishcity.ManyGreeksmigratedtothisnewcity.Thecity,withitswidestreets,hadtheaters,temples,alibrary,andpublicsquareswithstatuesofheroes,gods,andgoddesses,muchlikeAthensandothergreatcitiesofGreece.PeoplefrommanydifferentreligionsandculturesalsomovedtoAntioch,andtheythrivedintheHellenisticculture.
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Copyrigh
t by Th
e McG
raw-H
ill Com
panies.
NAME DATE CLASS
Greek Civilization
Geography and History Activity Cont.
PergamumwasonahillontheCaicusRiver16miles(25.7km)fromtheAegeanSea.ItsbuildingsincludedalibrarythatwassecondonlytotheoneatAlexandria,agrandtheater,andmanytemples.TherulersbroughtworksofartfromGreecetodecoratethecity,includinganaltarofZeusthatwasamasterpieceofHellenisticart.Theyalsocommissionednumerousworksofsculpture,painting,anddecorationfromresidentartists.
Trade,commerce,andtheexchangeofideasandartwerecommonamongtheHellenisticcities.Theywereallconnectedbylandorbysea(orboth).ThroughthespreadofGreekculture,theywereconnectedculturally,too.
Architecture and SculptureHellenisticarchitectureandsculptureweremodeledonClassicalGreekart,butweremorevaried.Hellenisticstylereflectedthebroaderperspectiveofpeoplewhowereconnectedtoeachotheracrosslargegeographicareas.ItalsoreflectedthepersonalityofAlexandertheGreat,whohadgivenhismentheideathattheywereheroicandlargerthanlife.Theyhadconqueredalmostalloftheknownworldandwereunderstandablyimpressedwiththeiraccomplishments.ThetendencyinHellenisticartwastoexaggeratestylesfromClassicalGreece.ManyoftheHellenistictempleswerehuge.Theatersandstadiumsweresimilarlygigantic.Evenprivatehomesbecamemuchmoreluxuriousandpalatial,orlikepalaces.
Sculptureshowedbold,vigorousdisplaysofemotionandaction.ThealtarofZeusatPergamum,forinstance,hadasculpturedwallshowingabattleofgodsandgiants.Themuscularfiguresaresuperhumanandenergeticandareshowninallthetormentoftheirstruggle.ManyoftherulersandwealthycitizenswhohadbeenAlexandersgeneralscommissionedheroicportraitsofthemselves.
Filledwithgiantsculptures,temples,theaters,andstadiums,thesecitiesweresymbolsofcivilizationintheHellenisticworld.CitieswereplaceswhereGreekculturethrived.Theywerecentersofart,literature,drama,andideas.ThelandsthatAlexanderandhismenhadconqueredweretransformedbytheinfluenceoftheHellenisticculturetheyimportedfromGreece.
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Copyrigh
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NAME DATE CLASS
Greek Civilization
Geography and History Activity Cont.
Hellenistic Cities
SELEUCID KINGDOM
MACEDONIANKINGDOM
EGYPTIANKINGDOM
PERGAMUM KINGDOM
Caspian Sea
Persian Gulf
Black Sea
AegeanSea
Red Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Ionian Sea
Euphrates R.
Tigris R.
Nile
R
.
Orontes R.
Danube R.
Caicus R.
Seleucia
Pella
Pergamum
Ephesus
Antioch
Babylon
Athens ASIA MINOR
PERSIASYRIA
ARABIA
MESOPOTAMIA
GREECE
Lambert Conformal Conic projection 0 400 km
400 miles0
N
S
EW
DOPW (Discovering our Past - World)
Chapter 8Map Title: The Hellenistic CitiesFile Name: C8_L4_wsgh_01A.aiMap Size: 39p6 x 20p0
Date/Proof: Feb 3, 2011 - First Proof
GreekarchitectureandsculpturewereanimportantpartofnewcitiesbuiltintheHellenisticEra.
Directions: Answerthefollowingquestions.
Understanding the Concept1. Identifying WhatwastheprimarybodyofwaterusedfortravelandtradeintheHellenisticEra?
2. Explaining WhatweretwogeographicfeaturesofAlexandriathathelpeditbecomeanimportantcity?
Important Geographic Features of Alexandria
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Copyrigh
t by Th
e McG
raw-H
ill Com
panies.
NAME DATE CLASS
Greek Civilization
Geography and History Activity Cont.
Applying the Concept3. Analyzing HowdidAlexanderspersonalityinfluencethearchitectureandartoftheHellenisticEra?
4. Contrasting WhatmadetheHellenisticstyleofartandarchitecturedifferentfromtheClassicalGreekstyle?
5. Making Generalizations TheHellenisticcitieswereallphysicallyconnectedeitherbylandorseaorboth.Whatnon-physicalqualitiesconnectedthemalltoeachother?
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