Graphing Notes. Different Types of Graphs Tables, charts and graphs are convenient ways to clearly...

Graphing Notes

Different Types of Graphs

Tables, charts and graphs are convenient ways to clearly show your data.

All Graphs must have proper labels!

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

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Title

X Axis Label

Y Ax

is L

abel

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec0

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Title

X Axis Label

Y Ax

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abel

All graphs must include all labels

• X axis is your Manipulated (independent) variable

• Y axis is your Responding (dependent) variable

Day Chocolate Strawberry WhiteMonday 53 78 126Tuesday 72 97 87Wednesday 112 73 86Thursday 33 78 143Friday 76 47 162

• The cafeteria wanted to collect data on how much milk was sold in 1 week.

• The table below shows the results. • We are going to take this data and display it in 2

different types of graphs.

There are three basic graph forms.

Notice how each of the following examples are used to illustrate the data.

Choose the best graph form to express your results.

Bar Graph• A bar graph is used to show relationships between groups.• The two items being compared do not need to affect each

other.• It's a fast way to show big differences. Notice how easy it is

to read a bar graph.

Chocolate Milk Sold

53

72

112

33

76

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120

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Day

Am

ount

Sol

d

Monday TuesdayWednesday ThursdayFriday

Line Graph• A line graph is used to show continuing data; how one thing

is affected by another. • It's clear to see how things are going by the rises and falls a

line graph shows.

Chocolate MI lk Sold

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Day

Am

ount

Sol

d

Chocolate

DRY MIXOr

ROTATE your DATA TABLE.

Scale notes for line graphs

• Choose the right scale for the axis– Must be consistent (same spacing)– Must include all data– Zero isn’t always data!– Choose increments that make it easy to read and

place numbers. If my data is .1 through .3 I don’t want to count by 10’s!

Chocolate MI lk Sold

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Day

Am

ount

Sol

d

Chocolate

Bar Graph Line Graph

The same data displayed in 2 different types of graphs.

Chocolate Milk Sold

53

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Day

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Sol

d


On what day did they sell the most chocolate milk?

a. Tuesday b. Friday c. Wednesday

Chocolate Milk Sold

53

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Day

Am

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Sol

d


Chocolate

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Day

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Chocolate

On what day did they have a drop in chocolate milk sales?

a. Thursday b. Tuesday c. Monday

Choosing the Right Graph

Use a bar graph if you are not looking for trends (or patterns) over time; and the items (or categories) are not parts of a whole.

• Use a pie chart if you need to compare different parts of a whole, there is no time involved and there are not too many items (or categories).

• Use a line graph if you need to see how a quantity has changed over time. Line graphs enable us to find trends (or patterns) over time.

To go from a data table to a graph

Dependent

Responding

Y - axis

Manipulated

Independent

X - axis

OR

Remember DRY MIX

Take your data table

Rotate it 90⁰ Left

And the bottom tells you the X label; the side, Y label

GraphX

Graph Y

What is correlation?

• Correlation is a statistical procedure that is used in a wide variety of settings

• Correlation is often used to express the relationship between two variables...

Age and height of childrenNumber of days students are absent and their level of achievementScores on two different student assessments, such as reading and

mathEarlier versus later scores, such as earlier and later performance in

writing

For instance, correlation might be used to express the relationship between…

What is correlation?

Direct Relationships (aka Direct Correlation, Positive Correlation, Positive Relationship)

When values on two variables tend to go in the same direction, we call this a direct relationship.

Draw the line

Direct Relationships (aka Direct Correlation, Positive Correlation, Positive Relationship)

The correlation between children’s ages and heights is a direct relationship.

That is, older children tend to be taller than younger children.

This is a direct relationship because children with higher ages tend to have higher heights.

Direct RelationshipThat is, older children

tend to be taller than younger children.

This is a direct relationship because children with higher ages tend to have higher heights.

To write this as a relationship, if X goes up, Y goes up.

Inverse Relationships (AKA Inverse Correlation, Negative Correlation, Negative Relation)

When values on two variables tend to go in opposite directions, we call this an inverse relationship.

Draw the line

Inverse Relationships (AKA Inverse Correlation, Negative Correlation, Negative Relation)

The correlation between students’ number of absences and level of achievement is an inverse relationship.

That is, students who are absent more often tend to have lower achievement.

This is an inverse relationship because children with higher numbers of absences tend to have lower achievement scores.

Inverse RelationshipThat is, students who are

absent more often tend to have lower achievement.

This is an inverse relationship because children with higher numbers of absences tend to have lower achievement scores.

To write this as a relationship, if X goes up, Y goes down (or vice-versa).

What kind of relationship?Direct Inverse

What kind of relationship?Direct Inverse

Effort vs. Grades

Effort

Gra

des

Is there a relationship?

Is there a relationship?

NO!

No Correlation:

• Data is in a random pattern.• There is no relationship or cause and effect

between variables.

Draw the dots

Graphing Notes. Different Types of Graphs Tables, charts and graphs are convenient ways to clearly...

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