GRAPHINGMETRIC SYSTEM

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Chapter 1

Standards to Master: (Chapter 1)

Standard #1: Scientific method (7.S.1.6.1) (7.S.1.2.1) (7.S.1.6.3) (7.S.1.6.4) (7.S.1.6.5) (7.S.1,2,2) Apply to a problem Know steps Identify Control & variables

Standard #2: Theories & Scientific law & Lab Safety (7.S.1.3.1) (7.S.1.6.6) (7.S.1.8.1) Know the difference between law & theory Know what the safety symbols stand for

Standard #3: Metric System (7.S.1.3.3) (7.S.1.6.3) Use system to measure Convert within the system Know units that apply to system and what they measure

Standard #4: Living Things Know characteristics of living things

Standard #5: Levels of Classification (7.S.1.1.1) Know 7 levels Know & Apply scientific names to levels Analyze why this system exists

Standard #6: Dichotomous Key (7.S.1.1.1) Know what key is Apply key Decipher a given key

Vocabulary Words to Know:

Scientific method

Hypothesis Theory Prediction Control Variable Scientific law

Binomial nomenclature Dichotomous key Metric System Observation

Quantitative Qualitative

GRAPHING

Types of Graphs:

◦Pie: compares parts to a whole

◦Bar: compares data(usually large)

◦Line: tracks changes over time (usually small

changes)

Pie Graph: compare parts to a whole.

◦Title◦Label◦Make a legend

Pie Graph:How to calculate

Percentage:◦Add all data numbers

together to get the TOTAL.

◦Divide each number by your total. This will give you a decimal.

◦Move the decimal 2 places to the right. This is your percentage.

How to make graph:

◦Divide your graph into 4 equal parts.

◦Choose the percentage that seems easiest to graph.

◦Mark it out on your graph

◦Choose the next percentage that seems easiest to graph.

◦Mark it out on your graph.

Bar Graph: compare data (usually big changes.)

◦Y axis = typically has the #’s on it◦Title◦Label axis* Legend

Line Graphs: tracks changes overtime.

TAILS:

◦T = title◦A = Axis

(dependent & independent variable)

◦I = Intervals

◦L = label ◦S = spacing(# range)

Do NOT Connect the dots

DO a best Fit Line

LAB EQUIPMENT

Lab Safety:

◦Rule #1: Follow directions◦Rule #2: Use the equipment properly◦Rule #3: Never eat/drink during a lab◦Rule #4: No horseplay◦Rule #5: Report all accidents

Lab Equipment:

Metric Ruler

Triple Beam Balance

Cylinder

Microscope

Beaker

Lab Safety Video:

◦ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yclOrqEv7kw

METRIC SYSTEM

◦Standard unit of measurement for world◦Use of hands

◦International System of Units (Metric System)◦What things do we measure:◦Mass◦Volume◦Length◦Temperature

◦Base units of each◦Based on multiples of 10◦Pre-fixes

Base Units:

Base Unit

Length meterMass gram

Volume liter

Here are some commonly used prefixes in the metric system. Notice the multiplying factors are all based on the number 10.

Metric System

Prefix Symbol Multiplying Factor

Kilo k 1000Hecta h 100Deka da 10Deci d 0.1Centi c 0.01Milli m 0.001

Metric System

King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk

Kil

o-

Hect

a- Dek

a- Base –

No

pre

fix

Dec

i- Cen

ti-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Memorize the mnemonic!

You will always be able to rebuild this chart if you

memorize the mnemonic!

Metric System

Kil

o-

Hecta

- Dek

a- Base –

No

pre

fix

Dec

i- Cen

ti-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

Here are some prefixes and their corresponding values.

Reading from left to right: each prefix is 10 times smaller than the value on its left.Reading from right to left: each prefix is 10 times larger than the value on its right.

Metric System

Kil

o-

Hect

a- Dek

a- Base –

No

pre

fix

Dec

i- Cen

ti-

Mill

i-

1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 1/1000

A kilometer is 10 times longer than a Hectameter.

A kilometer is 1000 times longer than a meter

met

er

Standard #3: International System of Unit (SI)

Metric System is the standard system of measurement scientists use to measure.

King Henry Drove My Dads Car Monday K, h, da, m, d, c, m

Metric System Prefixes:

kilo k 1,000 hecto h 100 decada 10 no prefix means:(meter) 1 deci d 0.1 (tenth)

centic 0.01 (hundreth)

milli m 0.001 (thousandth)

Length: base unit meter Km, Hm, Dm, m, dm, cm, mm Mass: base unit gram Kg, Hg, Dg, g, dg, cg, mg Volume: base unit liter KL, HL, DL, L, dL, cL, mL

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Standard #1: Scientific method

Steps to solving problems

6 steps to scientific method:

1) State the problem:

what do you want to know.

2) Gather information/Observation:

What can I find out?

a) Quantitative: observations that can be measured (data)

b) Qualitative: observations that describe.

C) Inference: conclusion reached based on evidence.

d) Observation: What you notice.

3) Hypothesis:

prediction or educated guess to problem

4) Experiment: Test Hypothesis

a) control: standard used to compare (normal

thing) b) variable: factor being tested (Varies)

5) Analyze data:What happened in your experiment?

6) ConclusionWhat did you find out?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlb7tLJy5AI

Variables:Control Variable:

Stays the same

Independent Variable: We choose to change this.

Dependent Variable: Responds to the independent variable.

Hypothesis vs. Theory

THEORY: Results of testing an

hypothesis Explanation

Hypothesis: An educated guess,

prediction Not tested yet

CLASSIFICATION

Standard #4: Living Things

1) Are organized :a) Organism: any living thing

b) Cell: smallest/basic unit of organism that carries on functions of life.

2) Respond: interact with surroundings a) Homeostasis: organisms ability to keep proper

conditions inside no matter what is going on outside. 3) Use energy: most energy used by organisms

comes directly from sun. 4) Grow & Develop 5) Reproduce: make more of own kind

5 characteristics of living things:

All living things need 2 things:

1) place to live2) raw materials: (water (most important), protein, fat, sugar)

2 Theories on where living things come from:1) Spontaneous Generation: living things come from nonliving things

2) Biogenesis: living things come only from other living things.

Standard #5: Classification or Taxonomy

When you place items with similar characteristics together you are classifying them.

Taxonomy or classification is a way to organize organism

Phylogeny: is the evolutionary history (or how organism has changed over time) of organism used to classify organisms

3 Domains:

Domain Bacteria: unicellular & prokaryotic

Domain Archaea: unicellular & prokaryotic (life’s extremists)

Domain Eukaryotic: 4 kingdoms

1- Protists: single cells (ameba) 2- Fungi: mushroom & mold 3- Plantae 4- Animalia (humans belong in this kingdom)

7 levels of classification:

King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup (Domain goes here before kingdom)

1) Kingdom (general)

2) Phylum3) Class4) Order5) Family6) Genus7) Species (specific) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqxomJIBGcY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6WPBA4a6NjU song play 1st

Scientific Names:

Binomial Nomenclature: scientist use a 2 name system to name organisms.1) 1st word identifies genus of organism & is

capitalized2) 2nd word is the species & is lower case

Example: Canis familiarus (dog)

a) Genus: group of similar speciesb) Species: a group of organisms that share

similar characteristics & can reproduce among selves.

Standard #6: Dichotomous Key

Detailed list of identifying characteristics including scientific name

Arranged in steps with 2 descriptive statements in each step

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M51AKJqx-7s

Key for identifying the organisms A. Has the body only one main part (including the head)? If yes, go to b If no, go to d.B. Are legs present? If yes, the organism is Beppo....... If no, go to c.C. Are wings present? If yes, the organism is Flappy...... If no, the organism is Rollo.D. Has the body more than two main parts (including the head)? If yes, go to g...... If no, go to eE. Are feelers present? If yes, the organism is Dippy...... If no, go to f.F. Are wings present? If yes, the organism is Buzzo...... If no, the organism is Alfie.G. Has the body more than three main parts (including the head)?If yes, the organism is Crawly....... If no, the

organism is Kreepy.