A Graphical Password Authentication System

Presented by:Nishan H Kumar4ES09CS025

Guided by:Ms. Divya Shettigar

Outline

• Introduction• Overview of the Authentication Methods• Graphical Password Scheme: Two Categories– Recognition Based Techniques– Recall Based Techniques

• Working• Proposed System• Conclusion• References

Introduction• How about text-based passwords ?– Difficulty of remembering passwords

• easy to remember -> easy to guess• hard to guess -> hard to remember

– Users tend to write passwords down or use the same passwords for different accounts

• An alternative: Graphical Passwords– Psychological studies: Human can remember pictures

better than text

Overview of the Authentication Methods

• Token based authentication– key cards, bank cards, smart card, …

• Biometric based authentication– Fingerprints, iris scan, facial recognition, …

• Knowledge based authentication– text-based passwords, picture-based passwords, …– most widely used authentication techniques.

Graphical Password Scheme

• Using Pictures as Passwords.• Easy to remember, as humans remember pictures better

than words.• Resistant to brute force attack because the search space

is practically infinite.• Graphical Passwords are classified into two main

categories:- Recognition based techniques.

- Recall based techniques.

Graphical Password: Two categories

Graphical Password: Two categories

• Recognition Based Techniques– A user is presented with a set of images and the user

passes the authentication by recognizing and identifying the images he selected during the registration stage

• Recall Based Techniques– A user is asked to reproduce something that he

created or selected earlier during the registration stage

Recognition Based Techniques

• Dhamija and Perrig SchemePick several pictures out of many choices, identify them later in authentication.

– Using Hash Visualization, which, given a seed, automatically generate a set of pictures– Take longer to create graphicalpasswords

Password Space: N!/K! (N-K)!( N-total number of pictures; K-number of pictures selected as passwords)

Recognition Based Techniques

• Sobrado and Birget Scheme System display a number of pass-objects (pre-selected by

user) among many other objects, user click inside the convex hull bounded by pass-objects.

– Sobrado and Birget suggested using 1000 objects, which makes the display very crowed and the objects almost indistinguishable.

Password Space: N!/K! (N-K)!( N-total number of picture objects; K-number of pre-registered objects)

Recognition Based Techniques

• Other Schemes

Using human faces as password

Select a sequence of images as password

Recall Based Techniques• Draw-A-Secret (DAS) SchemeUser draws a simple picture on a 2D grid, the coordinates of the grids occupied by the picture are stored in the order of drawing.

• Redrawing has to touch thesame grids in the same sequence in authentication.

• User studies showed the drawing sequences is hard to Remember.

Recall Based Techniques• “PassPoint” SchemeUser click on any place on an image to create a password. A tolerance around each chosen pixel is calculated. In order tobe authenticated, user must click within the tolerances incorrect sequence.

• It can be hard to remember the sequences

Password Space: N^K( N -the number of pixels or smallest units of a picture, K - the number ofPoint to be clicked on )

Recall Based Techniques

• Other Schemes

Signature Scheme

Working of Graphical Password Authentication Systems

• Registration Phase

• Verification Phase

NEW USER REGISTER

DATABASE

New user registration process.

Enter the username in the username field.

Click on NEW USER REGISTER button

Verifies the username and store into the database

//EXAMPLE:

User Registration Process

How to Select pictures?

There are two ways for selecting an picture for password authentication.

Creating Picture Password

Pictures are selected by the user from the hard disk or any other image supported devices..

PICTURE

User Defined Pictures

Pictures are selected by the user from the database of the password system.

PICTURE

DATABASE

System Defined Pictures

DATABASE

USER DEFINED PICTURE

SYSTEM DEFINED PICTURE

OR

THE PICTURE SELECTED FROM ONE

OF THE SYSTEM

Picture + Gridlines

User click on the point

MESSAGE BOX:

DO YOU WISH TO CONTINUE WITH THIS POINT

YESYES NONO

DATABASE

Point and the image will be stored into database.Now the user can select another image and followsthe same steps above.

Select another point

User with username

DATABASE

User enters the username

Verifies the usernameUsername verification

Checks the usernamein the database

Correct username

Incorrect username

Reenter the username

If username not matched

Generates an message“ username doesn't match ““Please Reenter the username”

Proposed System by Ahmad Almulhem

An example of creating a graphicalpassword using the proposed system

Proposed System by Ahmad Almulhem

Login Screen

Implementation of Proposed System

• The proposed system was implemented using Visual Basic.net 2005 (VB.net). The implementation has three main classes:

• LoginInfo: Contains username, graphical password,and related methods.

• GraphicalPassword: Contains graphical password information and related methods.

• SelReg: Contains fields about selected regions (POIs).

Advantages of Graphical Password Authentication System

•Graphical password schemes provide a way of making more human-friendly passwords .

•Here the security of the system is very high.

• It satisfies both conflicting requirements i.e. it is easy to remember & it is hard to guess.

•Dictionary attacks are infeasible.

Drawbacks of Graphical Password Authentication System

• Password registration and log-in process take too long.

• Require much more storage space than text based passwords.

• Shoulder Surfing: It means watching over people's shoulders as they process information. Examples include observing the keyboard as a person types his or her password, enters a PIN number, or views personal information.

Solution to Shoulder Surfing Problem

• Triangle Scheme

(For clarity, this collection contains only a little over 100 objects. Typical screens can fit over 1000.)

Solution to Shoulder Surfing Problem

• Movable Frame Scheme

Conclusion• Main argument for graphical passwords:

People are better at memorizing graphical passwords than text-based passwords.

• It satisfies both conflicting requirements i.e. it is easy to remember & it is hard to guess.

• It is more difficult to break graphical passwords using the traditional attack methods such as burte force method, dictionary attack or spyware.

• Not yet widely used, current graphical password techniques are still immature.

References

[1] A graphical password authentication system, Ahmad Almulhem Computer Engineering DepartmentKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.“www. ieeexplore.ieee.org”

[2] Graphical Passwords: A Survey by Xiaoyuan Suo, Ying Zhu, G. Scott. Owen Department of Computer Science Georgia State University.

[3] L. Sobrado and J.-C. Birget, "Graphical passwords,"The Rutgers Scholar, An Electronic Bulletin forUndergraduate Research, vol. 4, 2002.

[4] Ian Jermyn Aviel D. Rubin “The Design and Analysis of Graphical Passwords”.

ThankThank youyou

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