Graphic aids....present
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References
• The Importance of Graphic Aids……..By Cynthia Roberson….. 2011 http://www.ehow.com/about_6362198_importance-graphic-aids.html
• E-mail Greg Larkin at [email protected] call (520) 523-4911 http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~larkin/eng302/class/rhetoric/graphics/lesson1-4-2.html
• M. Markel, Technical Communications, 6th ed., p. 376 ….. William Magrino…. Copyright © 2004...Rutgers University Business & Technical Writing …http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~bizntech/teacher_resources/things_that_work/graphic_aids.html
• .
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Helping to enhance
comprehension
GRAPHIC AIDS
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WHAT ARE
GRAPHIC AIDS?
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a visual or graphic aid is any image that assists you, the reader, in understanding the text which accompanies the visual aid.
According to the Montgomery College:
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Graphics play an integral part in many nonfiction texts.
From newspaper articles to computer manuals.
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They often enhance information from the text and
sometimes supply information not found in the
text
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All too often, however, students skip over the graphics either because they don’t recognize their importance or they do not
have the techniques necessary for reading
them effectively.
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Why are Graphic Aids effective?
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Vacca and Vacca (1993)
believe that the use of
graphic aids in text will:
provide students with the opportunity
to decide what parts of the
text are important,
and how ideas and concepts in the text are
related.
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• Graphic aids can help you better “see” and understand the
information.
• Graphic aids can provide visual examples of things described in the
text.
• Graphic aids help us to show and compare information.
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Several authors support the value of using graphic aids with text as they:
• Create both verbal and nonverbal codes as well as connections between the two.
• Graphic aids open a range of learning possibilities not available when language is used alone.
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Types of graphic aids
There are many types of graphics aids, and readers
need to understandthe uses and purposes of
each
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Interpreting Graphic Aids
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Graphic Aids
• Provide visual explanations of concepts and relationships.
• Easier to understand than words alone.
• Enables students to grasp and recall information easily.
• Authors mention graphic aids at a point in which they think the graph will help the reader.
0
10
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1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
East
West
North
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Most commonly used graphic
aids
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1BAR
GRAPH
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• Length of parallel bars are used to make comparisons
.
Bars in graphs can either be vertical or horizontal.
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2LINE
GRAPHS
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Points are connected to show relationships between two or more items.
There may be one or more
lines depending on
the items.
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3PIE
CHARTS
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Circle graph in which the sizes of the slices presents part of a whole.
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4FLOWCHARTS/
MAPPING
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Shows steps in procedures or processes
Uses boxes or other shapes connected by
lines or arrows.
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5TABLES/CHARTS
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Systematic listing of data in rows or columns.
FAVORITE PETS OF STUDENTS
DOGS CATS FISH BIRDS OTHER
820 700 350 320 615
Number of Cars Sold for the Month of February by Week
Week Number Number of Cars Sold
1 20
2 37
3 13
4 10
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Authors use charts and graphs to illustrate specific points or
to present information contained in the text in a visual format that is easily
understood by readers.
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• The graph makes it easier to visualize the relationship between
the facts. The graph can help a reader see and remember the
facts.
• Graphs and charts present numerical data pictorially, helping readers visualize
relationships among those data.
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The difference in the level of water at high tide and low tide varies from place to place, and from day to day. The average difference between high tide and low tide water levels at Portland, Maine, is 9 feet and 1 inch. At Sandy Hook, New Jersey, it is 4 feet and 8 inches. The difference at Boston, Massachusetts, is 9 feet and 6 inches. At Key West, Florida, it is 1 foot and 10 inches.
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0123456789
10
Portland Sandy Hook Boston Key West
Average Differences in Water Levels: High and Low Tides
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Tables present large amounts of data in a simple, brief, and clear linear format. The same data in
prose would be bulky, confusing, and inaccessible.
Tables help the reader grasp relationships that might be
invisible in prose.
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Also, tables allow the writer to focus attention on specific pieces
of data while retaining a clear presentation of the whole.
A table in a text can help to emphasize data for students to better understand. The table is
good for presenting data without having to compare it.
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http://www.montgomerycollege.edu/~steuben/graph_reading.htm
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http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/aug/10/graphic-most-aids-deaths-cases-in-mumbai.htm
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Photographs are the most realistic and dramatic representation of physical features. In a good photograph the reader can see exactly what the writer is talking about.
Photographs
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RAINFORESTS
Canopy layer
The canopy layer contains the majority of the largest trees, typically 30–45 m tall. The
densest areas of biodiversity are found in the forest canopy, a more or less continuous cover
of foliage formed by adjacent treetops.
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Diagrams• Another common diagram, based on
a physical object, is the exploded view, which does not aim to picture the object, but to show the working relationships among its parts.
• A diagram is a symbolic representation well-suited to the presentation of
ideas.
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http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/eyediagram/images/diagram.gif
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http://www.kidscosmos.org/img/tour/kids/volcano_diagram.gif
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A good graphic aid:• accurately shows the facts;
• grabs the reader's attention;
• complements or demonstrates arguments presented in
the text;
• has a title and labels;
• is simple and uncluttered;
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• shows data without altering the message of the
data;
• clearly shows any trends or differences in the data;
• is visually accurate.
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• A map shows location.
• A diagram shows the parts of an object.
• A table compares information expressed as numbers.
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Benefits of graphic aids
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• Graphic aids improve student performance;
• It Improves students’ reading comprehension;
• Improves thinking and learning skills;
• Aids in Retention;
• It supports implementation of cognitive learning theories;
• It helps students link existing knowledge organized in schemas to new knowledge;
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• Graphic aids communicate what words cannot;
• Appeal to visual learners;
• Provide pictures that will aid memory and retention;
• Save space and record information in a concise manner;
• Clarify relationships, such as numerical relationships;
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Illustrates the steps or stages in a process, and their
relationship to one another. Students need to see
relationships and learn how to link ideas;
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• are quick and direct;
• highlight the most important facts;
• facilitate understanding of the data;
• can convince readers.
• can be easily remembered
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HOW CAN TEACHERS USE GRAPHIC AIDS?
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• Direct students attention to critical information in the text
• Direct students to build internal connections among ideas found in the
text
• Build connections between ideas in the text and the students existing
knowledge.
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How can teachers use student generated graphic aids in the
classroom?
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There are several ways that Teachers
can use student generated graphic
aids in the classroom:
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• Create illustrations for embedded questions
• Use illustrations to summarize text
• Create semantic maps
• Complete partial drawings or label
drawings
• Trace a text illustration
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• Create flow charts
• Construct maps
• Create charts and graphs
• Create icons that symbolize main idea in text
• Solve mathematics and science word problem
• Use internal visual image
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CONCLUSION
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The text and the graphics support each other. Graphic aids in text are
important as they help the readers to grasp the ideas, opinions and various concepts which are presented in the
text. In this way, the reader is able to clearly understand main ideas from
text when they are able to see supporting information.
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References
• The Importance of Graphic Aids……..By Cynthia Roberson….. 2011 http://www.ehow.com/about_6362198_importance-graphic-aids.html
• E-mail Greg Larkin at [email protected] call (520) 523-4911 http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~larkin/eng302/class/rhetoric/graphics/lesson1-4-2.html
• M. Markel, Technical Communications, 6th ed., p. 376 ….. William Magrino…. Copyright © 2004...Rutgers University Business & Technical Writing …http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~bizntech/teacher_resources/things_that_work/graphic_aids.html
• .