PART 1:

1.0 three different types of expository essays.

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1.1 PROCESS ESSAY

HOW TO MAKE CHOCOLATE

Making chocolate from the bean isn't easy. Chocolate companies invest millions

of dollars into tools and machinery to turn bitter cacao beans into delicious chocolate

bars. But with many hours or possibly days of hard work and dedication to detail, along

with some equipment of your own, you can turn your kitchen into a miniature chocolate

factory. By following these instructions and techniques, you'll be able to make your very

own brand of chocolate.

Roast the cocoa beans. The process is similar to roasting coffee beans, except

with gentler requirements: 5-35 minutes at temperatures between 120-160 degrees

C(250-325 degrees F). You must generally expose the beans to an initial high

temperature, lower the temperature gradually, and stop roasting when the beans start to

crack (but not burn). The first image shows the cocoa beans before roasting, and the

second image shows the after-result. You can accomplish this in your oven or by using

a store-bought roaster.

Crack and winnow the beans. After roasting, the beans must be cracked into nibs

and winnowed, whereby the husks (chaff) are removed. You can crack the beans with a

hammer and remove the husks (which should be loose after proper roasting) by hand if

you are working with a small batch. For larger batches, you can use a very coarse,

Corona type mill or purchase a specialized mill (shown here, also see Citations below)

to crack the beans into nibs. (In case you were wondering, a meat grinder doesn't work.)

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Grind the nibs into a cocoa liqueur. You will need equipment strong enough to

liquefy the nibs and separate the remaining husks. General food processors, Vita-Mix,

coffee grinders (burr and blade), meat grinders (manual and electric) mortar and

pestles, and most juicers will not work. Feed the nibs into the juicer one handful at a

time, being sure to push them in gently (not forcefully) or else the motor may overheat.

Cocoa liqueur will come through the screen and a mixture of husks and liqueur will find

its way through the spout. Feed this mixture through the juicer again until only the husk

comes through the spout.

Conch and refine the chocolate. By definition, conching affects the characteristic

taste, smell and texture of the chocolate, while refining reduces the size of the cocoa

solids and sugar crystals. Both processes can be applied at the same time with a

powerful wet grinder (success has been reported with a Spectra 10 melanger, also

called the "Stone Chocolate Melanger"; see Citations below).

Lastly, mold the chocolate while it is still at about 90 degrees F. Pour the

chocolate into the molds, careful not to spill. Some people find it effective to use a large

syringe to place chocolate in the mold, but it is all about personal preference. When all

of the chocolate has been added to the molds, you may either freeze, refrigerate, or let

them harden at room temperature. Again, it's all about personal preference, and there is

no right way to do it.

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1.2 CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY

EFFECT OF SMOKING

Every year million of Americans seek treatment from smoking related illnesses

and the number is increasing each year according to some statistics. As smoking is one

of the socially accepted evils, it is considered to be one of the hardest addictions to

cure. Studies have revealed that short term effects of smoking like instant stimulation is

what causes people to get addicted. It has also been suggested that cigarette smoking

has physiological and psychological effect to our body.

People say that smoking helps when they are stressed, this is partly because of

the fact that cigarette smoke has an effect on the neurotransmitters that control the

release of hormones like serotonin. This hormone is responsible for stress relief and

when people smoke, the pseudo stimulation causes the release of this hormone. Hence

people develop a psychological dependency on smoking whenever they feel they are

stressed.

Other psychological short term effects of smoking cigarettes are an increased

sense of awareness caused due to certain chemicals stimulating the visual cortex.

Adrenalin is also one of the hormones released when people smoke and this gives an

energetic feeling to the smoker. This causes psychological dependence on smoking for

stimulation in many people. Many people continuing smoking because they think one of

the effects of cigarette smoking is increased levels of concentration.

4

Perhaps the most significant effects of smoking during pregnancy is increased

nausea and vomiting. A large number of people will experience light dizziness when

they have a smoke, especially their first cigarette of the day. Probably one of the most

significant side effect of smoking is loss of appetite. People who have existing allergies

will experience more irritation when they smoke, some will also experience an itching

sensation in some parts of the body. Nicotine addiction is also known to cause

headaches and irritation in the eyes which can be really discomforting.

Most people ignore the short term effects of smoking as they can recover quickly

from these while some people have selective memory, meaning they only remember the

good times and not the problems. If you planning to quit smoking due to its adverse

effects you could try nicotine patches or chewing gum available in the market to control

nicotine addiction.

5

1.3 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST ESSAY

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER OR ADMINISTORS?

One of the most important decisions of your life is choosing a career. When you

have two main options to study you can compare them in order to see the advantages

and disadvantages. The purpose of this essay is to examine the differences between

being an Industrial Engineer and being an Administrator. These are two similar careers,

but each of them offers you different opportunities as a student and as a professional.

Three main aspects comparing these two careers are the job opportunities, the specific

skills you acquire and the work areas.

One of the main aspects you should consider in selecting a career is the job

opportunities. As an Industrial Engineer you have a very wide open field. You can work

in many different areas. Industrial Engineers can work as administrators, manufacturers,

and in departments such as human resources. As an Administrator you are more

specialized, and the work field is more reduced. You can only work in departments such

as human resources and economics but not in manufacturing or productivity

departments.

Another very important differences the knowledge you acquire. As an Industrial

Engineer you will obtain more objective and specialized reasoning abilities. You will

have to study subjects such as Physics and Mathematics and other kinds of subjects

such as Human Resources and Administration. As an Engineer you will obtain both a

social and a mathematical perspective. As an Administrator you have subjects such as

Finance and Private Rights. You will obtain a better social perspective, but not a very

critical or specialized mathematical reasoning.

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A third aspect to consider is what would you like to do after graduating. Both

careers are good to be an entrepreneur. Engineers are able to work in the

manufacturing process in order to offer good quality. Administrators are able to work

checking the economic and material resources in order to produce. An Administrator is

specialized in the financial aspects, and the Engineer is specialized in the productivity. It

depends which area you like the most.

Definitely, both careers are great options. Both are needed in industry and

business. It is very important to analyze if you are more into business or if you are more

into manufacturing. Engineers use a very high level of critical thinking and analysis

talking about productivity. Administrators use a very specialized reasoning talking about

economics and resources. Both are similar, but they focus on different aspects within

the enterprise. It is a matter of knowing yourself and finding out what kind of student and

professional you want to be.

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PART 1:

2.0 analysis structures of each essays

8

2.1 STRUCTURE OF “HOW TO MAKE CHOCOLATE”

Title: How to Make Chocolate

Source: Book

Type of essay: Process Essay

Structures in each of the paragraph:

i) Paragraph 1

Thesis statement

The instruction to make a chocolate at home

ii) Paragraph 2

Topic sentence

Roast the cocoa beans

Supporting details

- Roast between 5-35 minutes at temperatures between 120-160 degrees C.

- Expose the beans to an initial high temperature, lower the temperature gradually.

- stop roasting when the beans start to crack .

- Can roast the cocoa beans use oven or store-bought roaster

9

Cohesive device

1. repetition:

-cocoa beans

2. synonymy:

- the process

3. pronoun:

- this

iii) Paragraph 3:

Topic sentence

Crack and winnow the beans

Supporting details

- the beans must be cracked into nibs and winnowed, whereby the husks (chaff)

are removed.

- Crack the beans with a hammer and remove the husks by hand if working with a

small batch.

- For larger batches, use a very coarse, corona type mill or specialized mill to

crack the beans into nibs.

Cohesive devices

1. repetition

- the beans

10

iv) Paragraph 4

Topic sentence

Grind the nibs into a cocoa liqueur

Supporting details

- Need equipment strong enough to liquefy the nibs and separate the remaining

husks.

- Push the grind nibs in gently or else the motor may overheat.

- Cocoa liqueur will come through the screen and a mixture of husks and liqueur

will find its way through the spout.

- This mixture will feed again through the juicer until only the husk comes through

the spout.

Cohesive devices

1. repetition

- the nibs

- the juicer

- husk

- the spout

2. synonymy

- liqueur

3. Pronoun

- This mixture

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v) Paragraph 5

Topic sentence

Conch and refine the chocolate

Supporting details

- Conching affects the characteristic taste, smell and texture of the chocolate

- Refining reduces the size of the cocoa solids and sugar crystals.

- Both processes can be applied at the same time with a powerful wet grinder

Cohesive devices

1. repetition

- the chocolate

- refine

3. synonymy

- both process

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vi) Paragraph 6

Topic sentence

Mold the chocolate while it is still at about 90 degrees F

Supporting details

-Pour the chocolate into the molds with careful

-Some people use a large syringe to place chocolate in the mold.

-You may either freeze, refrigerate, or let them harden at room temperature after

it place in the mold.

Cohesive device

1. repetition

- the chocolate

- the mold- repetition

13

2.2 STRUCTURE OF “EFFECT OF SMOKING”

Title: effect of smoking

Source: internet

Type of essay: cause and effect essay

Structure in each of the paragraph

i) Paragraph 1

Thesis statement

Psychological and physiological effects of smoking cigarettes

ii) Paragraph 2

Topic sentence

Helps release stress

Supporting details

- cigarette smoke has an effect on the neurotransmitters that control the

release of hormones like serotonin.

- This hormone is responsible for stress relief and when people smoke, the

pseudo stimulation causes the release of this hormone.

- People develop a psychological dependency on smoking whenever they feel

they are stressed.

14

Cohesive device

1. repetition:

- hormones

2. pronoun:

- they

iii) Paragraph 3

Topic sentence

An increased sense of awareness caused due to certain chemicals stimulating the

visual cortex.

Supporting details

- Adrenalin is also one of the hormones released when people smoke and this

gives an energetic feeling to the smoker.

- This causes psychological dependence on smoking for stimulation in many

people.

- Many people continuing smoking because they think one of the effects of

cigarette smoking is increased levels of concentration.

Cohesive devices

1. Pronoun:

- this

- they

2. Repetition:

- many people

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iv) Paragraph 4

Topic sentence

Significant effects of smoking during pregnancy is increased nausea and vomiting.

Supporting details

- A large number of people will experience light dizziness when they have a

smoke, especially their first cigarette of the day.

- Probably one of the most significant side effect of smoking is loss of appetite.

- People who have existing allergies will experience more irritation when they

smoke, some will also experience an itching sensation in some parts of the

body.

- Nicotine addiction is also known to cause headaches and irritation in the eyes

which can be really discomforting.

Cohesive device

-none-

16

2.3 STRUCTURE OF “INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER OR ADMINISTOR ?

Title: Industrial Engineer or Administor?

Source: Book

Type of essay: Comparison and contrast essay

Structure of each paragraph

i) Paragraph 1

Thesis statement

Three main aspects comparing career of Industrial Engineer and Administor

ii) Paragraph 2

Topic sentence

the main aspects you should consider in selecting a career is the job opportunities

Supporting details

- Industrial Engineers can work as administrators, manufacturers, and in

departments such as human resources.

- As an Administrator you are more specialized, and the work field is more

reduced.

- You can only work in departments such as human resources and economics

but not in manufacturing or productivity departments.

17

Cohesive devices

1. repetition

- industrial engineer

iii) Paragraph 3

Topic sentence

The knowledge you acquire

Supporting details

- As an Industrial Engineer you will obtain more objective and specialized

reasoning abilities.

- You will have to study subjects such as Physics and Mathematics and other

kinds of subjects such as Human Resources and Administration.

- As an Engineer you will obtain both a social and a mathematical perspective.

- As an Administrator you have subjects such as Finance and Private Rights

that will obtain a better social perspective, but not a very critical or specialized

mathematical reasoning.

Cohesive devices:

1. Synonymy

- an engineer

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iv) Paragraph 4

Topic sentence

A third aspect to consider is what would you like to do after graduating

Supporting details

- Engineers are able to work in the manufacturing process in order to offer

good quality.

- Administrators are able to work checking the economic and material

resources in order to produce.

- An Administrator is specialized in the financial aspects, and the Engineer is

specialized in the productivity.

Cohesive device

1. synonymy:

- both career

-area

2. repetition:

- an administor

- engineer

3. pronoun:

- it

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PART 1:

3.0 Graphic organizer of choosen essay

20

3.1 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER OF “HOW TO MAKE CHOCOLATE”

21

First, Roast the cocoa beans

Grind the nibs into a cocoa liqueur

Crack and winnow the beans

Conch and refine the chocolate

the husks (chaff) are removed.

Crack the beans with a hammer and remove the husks by hand if working with a small batch

For larger batches, use a very coarse, corona type mill or specialized mill to crack the beans into nibs.

Roast between 5-35 minutes at temperatures between 120-160 degrees C.

lower the temperature gradually from initial temperature

stop roasting when the beans start to crack

Can roast the cocoa beans use oven or store-bought roaster

Need equipment strong enough to liquefy the nibs and separate the remaining husks.

Push the grind nibs in gently

Cocoa liqueur will come through the screen and a mixture of husks and liqueur will find its way through the spout.

This mixture will feed again through the juicer until only the husk comes through the spout.

conching affects the characteristic taste, smell and texture of the chocolate

Refining reduces the size of the cocoa solids and sugar crystals.

Both processes can be applied at the same time with a powerful wet grinder

Mold the chocolate while it is still at about 90 degrees F

Pour the chocolate into the molds with careful

Some people use a large syringe to place chocolate in the mold.

You may either freeze, refrigerate, or let them harden at room temperature after it place in the mold.

1

2

4

5

3

HOW TO MAKE

CHOCOLATE

PART 2:

4.0 Draft of essay in graphic organizer

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4.1 : DRAFT OF ESSAY: HEALTH AND NUTRITION

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Carbohydrates are used as energy for the body.

source: fruit, vegetables, whole grains and beans over refined carbohydrates such as sugar, white flour or prepackaged foods.

Problems should be handled properly to avoid negative emotion dominate us

Vitamins and minerals use foods as fuel, destroy free radicals, fight off illnesses, and keep tissues healthy and other important functions.

source: Fruits and vegetables

Various type of exercise:

i) Jogging

ii) Cycling

iii) Walking

Keeps stress low to keeps the immune system in good condition

Benefit of exercise:

-stimulates the organs like the heart and joints

-activates the whole body, giving vitality even to the farthest cell

-increases the oxygen intake per day

-increases the rate of blood circulation

-reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

-increases our stamina to work

Stress tenses neck and back muscles which causes some vertebras in the spinal column to move and dislocate provoking a series of disorders.

tips to keep our body healthy

Exercising daily

get an adequate nutrition

avoiding stress

PART 2:

5.0 Complete essay based on the draft

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5.1 EXPOSITORY ESSAY: HEALTH AND NUTRITION

TITLE: HOW TO KEEP YOURSELF HEALTHY

Health must be maintained every day. However, many people ignore the health

esspecially teenagers, particularly because changes of comfortable environment and

improved facilities from the effects of rapid development. It is necessary to keep healthy

, especially when we reach adolescence. This is because in this age, teenagers need to

focus to work, study and other things as their responsibility also increasing with age.

Every aspect must be maintained to ensure that our bodies stay healthy. Thus, some

tips can be applied to keep our body healthy and energetic.

First, we should always get an adequate nutrition, it is necessary to have a

balanced combination of the following elements such as minerals, Vitamins,

Carbohydrates, and Water to keep us healthy. Carbohydrates are used as energy for

the body. Choose carbohydrates such as fruit, vegetables, whole grains and beans over

refined carbohydrates such as sugar, white flour or prepackaged foods. Vitamins and

minerals assist in reactions and processes that use foods as fuel, destroy free radicals,

fight off illnesses, and keep tissues healthy and other important functions. Vitamins and

minerals are found in a variety of foods, and a balanced diet can provide the essentials.

Fruits and vegetables are high in most vitamins such as A, C and folic acid.

The second tip is avoiding stress. Problems should be handled properly.

Emotional control is important in addressing any problems to prevent emotions

dominate us. If we let emotions dominate ourselves, we easily get stress. It is essential

to keep stress low. These keeps the immune system in good condition which produces

as a consequence, good health. Stress, on the other hand, tenses neck and back

muscles which causes some vertebras in the spinal column to move and dislocate

provoking a series of disorders.

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Exercising daily is also an essential factor for good health, Exercise stimulates

the organs like the heart and joints, and in general, activates the whole body, giving

vitality even to the farthest cell. In addition, exercise increases the oxygen intake per

day in addition to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Much oxygen increases the rate

of blood circulation in body. Exercise also increases our stamina everyday. Therefore,

exercise everyday can increase the productivity of work to do any work without feeling

tired and exhausted in the short term. Various activities can be done every day, such as

jogging, cycling and walking in the evening for 10 minutes.

The above tips are simple tips to keep our bodies stay healthy. A healthy body

ensures a better life and improves our life. These simple tips will not only can be

practice by young people, but also can be practice by all people. Every aspect should

be maintained from nutrition needs until emotional health for optimal health. A healthy

lifestyle will result avoid increasing of disease every year and save the cost of

medicines in our country.

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6.0 REFLECTION

I have received a coursework for this semester for subject English

Language Proficiency that will be a responsible to me to finish it as a duty for this

semester. The coursework is regarding the writing skill and identification of structure

based on example of essays found. The process to finish the coursework increases my

knowledge, experience and also I got a few problems at the same time.

This coursework teach us how to identify the structure of expository essay

regarding issue given. This knowledge is a new thing for me as a teacher trainee that

will used this skill to teach a student how to write an essay well. If I replay back my past

time, I only learn how to write simple essay and had given the format to revised on.

Now, I can understand very clearly the format of expository essay and identify well the

structure of essay and use suitable format of writing especially when I became a

teacher after graduate.

Besides, many problems also I got on the short period to finish this coursework. I

face many problems to write the contents of this coursework. First of all, I cannot

understand properly the question of this task. That problem waste my time to

understand the task given. Alhamdulillah, with my lecturer help, Madam Normah binti

Ismail, I can understand what the task that I must do is. She give a clear guide line how

to write the coursework and how to identify the structure of an essay. She is very kind

because he did not angry if I want to ask her how to do the coursework. With her help, I

can finish this coursework on time.

The second problem is to find the suitable example of essay for my coursework.

These essay are very important thing and the first things to find to do the coursework. At

first, after lecturer gives this task, I confused to find suitable expository essay for my

coursework because the task is general. Then, I try solve the problem by ask for a help

from my classmate and Madam Normah too. Finally my entire problem solved and with

help from all kind people, I finished my coursework on time.

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Lastly, as a student in this institute, I hope, lecturer will give good marks for my

coursework and my coursework were answering all the questions given and follows the

criteria’s needed in this task. I hope, with this new knowledge I have learnt in the period

to finish the coursework can improve my ability as a good teacher after graduate.

Thank you.

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Faizal(MUHAMMAD FAIZAL MUHAMAD NOR)

PISMP KAJIAN SOSIAL SEM 1

7.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Angelina Subrayan, Matilda Xavier (2006). Extreme PMR Buster English Form 3. PMR Practice. Petaling Jaya, Selangor: Sasbadi Sdn Bhd.

Harbans Kaur, Leena James (2006). Effective Practice MUET. Shah Alam, Selangor:

Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd

Joyce M. Hwakins (2003). Kamus Dwibahasa Oxford Fajar. Kuala Lumpur.

Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn Bhd.

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ATTACHMENT

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