BY: KIMBERLY PENNA

The Grand Tour: A Journey Through Europe

The Beginning

Travel for pleasure did not begin until the 16-18th centuries

Tourism was developed with the emergence of the Railroad system

“Ideal period in the fusion of tourism and social status (Black, 1)”

Associated with young, aristocratic, British travelers

The Travelers

Young aristocrats, in their early 20s would travel after finishing University-”social elite”

Trips usually lasted 2-4 years

Rite of Passage

Usually traveled with a tutor

William Weddel, Reverend William Palgrave and his servant Janson, by Nathanial Dance, 1765

Italy: The Primary Destination

“A man who has not been in Italy is always conscious of an inferiority, from his not having seen what it is expected a man should see. The grand object of raveling is to see the Shores of the Mediterranean.”-Samuel Johnson

Traveling Through Italy

Traveled through cities such as Venice, Tuscany, Florence, Rome and Naples.

Rome was highlight of the Grand Tour for most.

Many were surprised by what they saw in Venice.

The Sights: Venice

Feast of Ascension

(Holy Thursday)

The Feast of Sensa in St. Mark's Square. Francesco Guardi, 1780

Venice: “The City of Masks”

Pietro Longhi, artist who was able to capture the spirit of the Carnivale in Venice

A Masked Party in a Courtyard, 1755Venice Carnivale, 1755

The Sights: Naples

Vesuvius from Portici, Joseph Wright, 1785

The Excavations of Pompeii, Jakob Phillip Hackert, 1799

Famous sights in Naples include Mount Vesuvius and the Ruins of Pompeii

The Sights: Rome

View of the Coliseum and the Arch of Constantine, Antonio Joli, 1748

In 1845, He began to arrange travel accommodations and had a passion for planning excursions.

In 1850s, could offer more affordable tours of Scotland.

Tour Expanded to all parts of the world in 1870

Opened up Grand Tour to middle class

Thomas Cook: The Expansion of the Grand Tour

Mark Twain and the Grand Tour

Mark Twain took his own Grand Tour in 1867, inspired by Thomas Cook.Wrote Innocents Abroad about his travels.

“One must travel, to learn. Every day, now, old Scriptural phrases that never possessed any significance for me before, take to themselves a meaning.”- Mark Twain, Innocents Abroad

The Euro Pass was invented in 1954Allowed access to all trains in EuropeAffordablePopular Among American College students

and Americanized the Grand TourEnded its popularity among the young

aristocrats of Britain