Grammar Usage - JLPT N2
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Grammar usage - JLPT N2Explanation of entries:
English meaning (additional information) The way to conjugate.
[ ]-verbs ex. [ - ] [ - ] [ - - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ]
-i-adjectives ex. [ -] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ]
-na-adjectives ex. [ -] [ - ] [ - ] [ - ]
-noun ex. [ ] [ - ]
[ - ] [ - ]
[ ]-ordinary form
[ ]-noun modifier form
a synonym an example sentence an idiom an additional reference a warning when using the expression
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Grammar Patterns:
~ (
In the end; finally; on top of all that; to make matters worse. [ - - ]
~ Do ~ so much as to ~ [ - / - - ]
~ ( ) Since [ ] [ - - ]becomes [ - - ] ~ often followed by obligations, prohibitions, demands, presumptions, and strong conclusions such as [
/ / / ]
~ / ~ While; Meanwhile (shows a comparison between two things) [ ] [ ] use [ ]
~ (no specific meaning) shows something continuing towards a certain tendency. ex. more and more; less and
less; keep on~; never stop~ [ - ] Uses verbs that show / express a change
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~ ( ) In addition to~ [ ]
~ ( ) / ~ / ~ / ~ A After...ing ; Uponing
[ - - ]
B used when talking about something from a certain time, place, or condition (often following sentencegives advice or warning)
[ - - ]
~ Now that~; Since~ [ - / ]
~( ) / ~( ) Shall we~; Let's~ [ - ]
~ / ~ [ - / - - - - ]
A While~ < do something before the condition changes >
B While~ < during that time, something that did not start, will happen >
~ Be possible to~ [ - ]
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~ Be impossible to~ [ - ]
~ / ~ Thanks to~; Owing to~; Because of~ (express thanks to the result of a good outcome) [ ] Thanks to you or some higher power
~ Be in danger of~ [ - - ]
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Grammar Patterns:
~ ( ) / ~ / ( )A As long as~ ; As far as~
[ - - - - / ]
B As long as~ ; As far as~ [ - / ]
C As long as~ ; As far as~ [ - - ]
D As long as~ ; As far as~ [ - - - - ]
~ / ~ / ~ Unfinished ; Half~ (ex. half eaten, half finished) [ - ]
~ Cant do~ ; Difficult to~ [ - ]
~ / ~ Tend to~ [ - ] Used mostly with a negative meaning
~( ) / ~( ) As soon as~ [ - ] ( ) -
~ ~
No sooner than~ [ - / ] [ - ] - - -
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~
Be capable of~ ; Be in danger of~ (Used when there is a chance of something bad happening) [ - ] -
~ Be hard to~ ; Be difficult to~ [ - ]
~ / ~ / ~ Like~ [ ] [ ] use [ ]
~ / ~ / ~ Judging from~ ; When it comes to~; As for~ [ ]
~ [ ]
A Even~
B Judging from~
~ / ~ [ ]
A For~
B Judging from~
~ \ ~ B meaning
~ Just because~ [ ] (often the sentence will be negative.)
~ ~
From~to~ [ ] [ ]
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~ / ~
Now that~ ; Since~ [ ] [ ] use [ ] followed by obligations, resolutions, presumptions, suggestions, and commands
~ ( ) / ~ / ~ From the viewpoint of~ ~ [ ]
~ Instead of~ [ - ]
In place of~ [ - ] ~
Fitting of~; Suiting~; Be appropriate to [ ]
~
Rather~ ; A little~ [ - ]
~ ( )
A Only~ ; Just~ [ - / ]
B (something continuing the same condition after happening) [ - ]
In spoken language becomes ~
~ / ~ / ~
Do(be) completely~ / Be unable to do till the end / Be able to do till the end [ - ]
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~ In spite of~ ; Though~ [ ] Not often used in formal situations
~ ( ) / ~ ( ) To the extent that~ ; As~as~ ; To the point that [ - / - - - ]
At least~ [ - - ]
~ Seem~ [ - -] ~ becomes a
~ / ~ emphatic (Place a strong emphasis on the subject) [ ]
~ I wonder ; quite ; surely [ ]
~ Because~ (tells why something is) [ ]
~ When you want to tell someone that something has importance [ - / - ]
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~
As it is ~ it can be expected that ~(Used to tell something everyone knows. Following sentence is a presumption)
[ ]
~ Without~ [ - ]
~ ( ) To my~ (strengthens the speakers feeling ex. To my surprise) [ - - - ]
~ Be supposed to ~ (shows an appointment or rule) [ - - - - ]
~ No need to ~ [ - ]
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Grammar Patterns:
~ ( ) / ~ When~ ; Upon~ [ - / - ] - -
~ / ~ In the midst of~ ; During ~ [ - - ]
~ / (~ ) Even~ [ ] when is connected to a noun, the particles and are omitted.
~ ~ If only~ [ - ] /
[ - - ] / [ ] [ - - - - ]
-
~ Cant help thinking~ [ - ] [ ] becomes
~( ) / ~( ) / (~ ) ( ) After~(for a long time) [ - - ]
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~ Have no other way but~ / Must~ [ - ]
~ As soon as~ [ - ]
~ / ~ ( )A show a reason, details. When you want to show the result of something.
[ ]
B Depending on~ [ ]
~ ( ) / ~ / ~ From the standpoint of~; (can also be thought of as ~ly. Ex. ?hisorically ?legally) [ ]
the noun in front of ~ is usually a Chinese word
Ex. etc
~ / ~ / ~ Because of~ ; On account of~ (The cause leads to a bad result) [ ] be ones imagination
blame something or somebody
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Grammar Patterns:
~ / ~ / ~ / ~ A Becoming of~ ; Worthy of~ ; Fitting of~
[ ] [ ] doesnt use[ ]
B Because ; So [ ]
C As long(much) as~ [ ] < / >
~ ~ / ~ ~ Even if~ [ - - - - ]
~( ) When~ (When something is done, this is the result) [ - ] -
~( ) ( ) Just as~ ; As soon as~ ; No sooner than~ [ - ]
~ ( ) Everytime~ [ - - ]
~ Full of~ [ ] -
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~ When doing ~ also do ~ [ - / - ]
~ (used at the end of a sentence when remembering (confirming) something) [ ] ~ \ ~ can also be used - -
~ No way that~ [ - ] Use in conversations
~ / ~ [ - ]
A While~ Not used in conversations. ~ can not be used in this way
B ~Though
~ Be (gradually) doing~ [ - ] Used mostly in written form
~ A ~ish ; ~like ; ~looking
[ - ] -
B Easily~ [ - ]
becomes a
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~( ) Since~(and still going on) [ - ] Shows the continuation of something that happened in the past and is still going on.
~( ) / ~( ) Not until~ [ - ] The following sentence will always be negative.
(~ ) / ~( ) Cant help~ing ; Cant stand(bear)~ [ - - - ] Subject is always first person
(~ ) Cant help~ing [ - - - ] More formal than ~ etc. can't use ~
~ [ ]
A Ive heard that
is used for letters, etc.
B It means that
~ / ~ A Speaking of~ ; Talking about~
[ ] -
B Speaking of~ ; Talking about~
[ ] [ ]doesn't use [ ]
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~
Is known as~ ; It is that~ [ ] sometimes [ ]don't use [ ]
~ / ~ Not necessarily~ ; Its not that [ ] sometimes [ ]don't use [ ]
~ More than~ [ ]
~ Speaking of~ ; Talking about~(show plus and minus) [ ]
~ But~ ; Although~ (show what your thinking about is wrong or different) [ ] sometimes[ ]don't use [ ]
~ ( ) / ~ ( ) Just as~ [ - / - ] [ ]
~ hear that~ ; say that~ [ ]
~ Far from~ [ ] [ ]don't use[ ] [ - ]can be used
~ / ~ Cant do ~ because~ [ - ]
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~ / ~ / ~ At that time ; At that place ; At that scene [ - / / - ]
~ / ~ [ ]
A If~
B If~ (Think from the perspective of~)
~ ( ) / ~ / As~ [ ]
~ A. With~
[ ]
B. At the same time~ [ -- ; -- ; -- ; -- ]
C. As~ [ -- ; ]
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Grammar Patterns:
~ If not~ [ - - - - ] The following sentence will be negative.
~ / ~ Possibility of~ (Neither yes or no) [ - - - - ]
~ / Always end up~ [ - ] [ ]becomes[ ] Only for first person. For third person, use ~ ~ at the end.
~ Though~ [ - / - - - ]
~ / ~ B meaning
~ / ~ / ~ [ ]
A such as; like; and so on - -
B etc; among other things ; for example
are used in spoken language
~ / ~ When~(show something that should be done in this situation) [ - ]
~ ( ) / ~ / ~ In ; At ; On ; same as the particle [ ]
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~ / ~ / ~
In response to~ [ ]
~ / ~ ( ) Regardless of~ [ - / - ] Nouns showing a kind or extent of something, or 2 words in opposition are usually used.
Such as Adjectives such as can be combined and used.
~ / ~ / ~ A Only~
[ ]
B Without fail~ [ ]
C Be the best~ [ - / - ]
~ Not only~but also~ [ ] -
~ / ~ If (when) talking about ~ ; As far as~is concerned~ [ ]
followed by a positive sentence
~ / ~ [ ]
A In place of~
B ( By proxy~ )
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~ ( ) / ~ / ~ About~ ~ [ ]
~ Its decided that~ (often used in speaking) [ ] [ ] don't use [ ] Mostly used in speaking
~ / ~ Compare~ to~ [ ]
~ / ~ In addition to~ [ ]
~ / ~ / ~ / ~ In response to~ ; In reply to~ [ ]
~ / ~ / ~ When starting~ ; When doing~ [ - ] ~
~ / ~ / ~ Before ~ ; Right before~
[ ]
~ / ~ With~ ; Following~ ; As~ (when one the changes so does the other) [ -- ] ~ ~
~ / ~ / ~
For~ (from the position of) [ ]
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~
Although ; Even though [ ] [ ]don't use [ ]
~ / ~ / ~ ( ) A Even if~
[ ] [ ]don't use [ ]. [~ ]can be used.
B Whenever~ [ ] [ ] -
~ Merely~ ; Only~ ; Just~ ; Be (do) nothing but~ [ - - / - ]
~ / ~ / ~ / ~ In accordance with~ [ ]
~ It must be~ [ ] [ ] don't use [ ] In certificates the meaning becomes
~ / ~ ( ) / ~ / ~ As for ; To ; Toward; About ; same as [ ]
~ There is no doubt of~ [ ] [ ] don't use [ ]
~ ( ) / ~ / ~ / ~ About~ ; Concerning~ [ ]
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~ Because~ [ ] Slightly strong saying
~ / ~ ( ) / ~ A whenever~
[ - ]
At the end of the sentence, a verb showing ones feeling will come ~
B
Whether~or~ [ - - ] [ - - ] Contrasting words come before ~
~ / ~ As~ ; With~ (when one the changes so does the other) [ -- ] ~ ~
~ ( ) / ~ / ~ For~ ; To~ (a judgment or assessment will follow this expression) [ ]
~ / ~ / ~ As~ ; With~ (accompanying, following something) [ -- ]
With~ (happen at the same time) [ ]
~ / ~ / ~ / ~ Against~ ; Contrary to~ [ ]
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~ There is no doubt that~ [ ]
[ ]don't use [ ]. [~ ]can be used. To show a reason sometimes [ ]is added
~ However~ ; Though~ [ ]
[ ]don't use [ ] [~ ]can be used. -
~ / ~ / ~ / ~ On the basis of~ ~
[ ] -
~ / ~ / ~ / ~ [ ]
By~ (show the subject of an action)
By~ ; Because of~ (show a cause or reason)
By~ (Show a method or way)
By~ ; Depending on~ (show differences)
By~ ; Depending on~ (For a certain condition / occasion)
~ / ~ According to~ [ ]
~ / ~ / ~ / ~ Ranging from~ ; Covering~ ; Lasting~ ; Extending over~ [ ]
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~ ( ) / ~ ( ) / ~ / (~ ) ( ) / Without~ [ ] -
~ Do (ones best) till the end [ - ]
~ Not only~ but also ; Besides~ ; Moreover~ [ ] [ ]don't use [ ]. [~ ]can be used.
~ / ~ Owing to~ [ ]
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Grammar Patterns:
~ / ~ Not Only~ [ ] - does not use
~ Because of~ ; On account of~ (shows regret over the cause of some bad result)[ ] *( - )uses( - ) ; - is sometimes used
(~ ) / (~ ) Not only~ but also~ ; ~among other things [ ]
~ ( ) Irregardless of~ [ ]
~ ~ The more~the more~(as one goes up, so does the other) [ - ] [ - ]
[ - ] [ - ] [ - / ] [ - / ] [ - / ] [ - ]
~ / ~ Even~ ; Of course~ [ ] ~ is formal language
~ / ~ On one side~ ; On the other side~ [ ] [ ]don't use [ ]. [~ ]can be used.
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~ / ~ Should~ [ - ] becomes
~ Shouldnt~ [ - ] becomes
(~ ) ( ) / Only~ ; just~ (there is no other way) [ - ] ~
~ / ~ / ~ To the extent (point) that~ [ - / - - - ] -
~ ~ Nothing is more~ than~ [ - ]
~ (as one thing changes, so does the other) [ - - - ]
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Grammar Patterns:
~ / ~ [ - ]
A Probably not~
B Will not~
Use ~ / ~ when subject is Third Person.
~ / ~ / ~ Suitable for~ [ ] -
~ / ~ / ~ Bound for~ ; Made for~ [ ] -
~ Regardless of~ [ ] indiscriminately; no matter where
~ ~ ~ / ~ ~ ~ Neither~or~ ; Both~and~ [ ] [ - - - ] [ ]
~ Because~ (give a reason to an explanation) [ ] sometimes conjugated with Used in conversations by women and children. ~ is more informal
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~ ( ) By no means~ ; Not~at all [ ] [ - ] uses [ - ] When spoken, or between friends ~ or ~ is used
~ Feel like~ [ ]
~ / ~ A show admiration ; grief ; a heart felt feeling
[ ]
B express something as common sense Same as A
C suggest something ; give a light command [ - ]
D remember a past happening or occurrence
[ ]
~ Because~ (give a reason(excuse) [ ] *( - )uses( - )
~ If~(wish for something unattainable ; tell someone it is impossible)
[ - ] Often used together with a "be possible" meaning verb. is used in conversations.
~ Though~ [ ] ~ is often used. Especially with nouns [ ]
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Grammar Patterns:
~ ~ ~And~among other things (etc) [ - - ] [ - - ]
~ / ~ No way to~ [ - ]
~ / ~ Like~
[ ]
So that~ [ - / - ]
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Grammar Patterns:
~ / ~ No reason for~ [ ]
~ [ ]
A state a reason why something is
B It means that - 9,500
~ / ~ It doesnt mean that~ [ ]
~ / ~ A Mustnt
[ - ]
B Must~ [ - - ]
( ) Although~ ; In spite of~ [ ]
~
~ / ~ ( ) Through~ ; By~ (something happens unexpectedly through a chance encounter) [ ]
~ / ~ ( ) Since~ (Because a thing happened, a big change has occurred) [ ] -
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~
Full of~ ; Loaded with~ [ ] - -
~ / ~ ( ) Be (at) the center of ~ ; Be the focus of~ [ ]
~ / ~ [ ]
A Throughout~
Via~ ; Through~
~ ~ / ~ ~ / ~ ~ As~ [ ] [ ] Nouns that show aim, postion, role, type,etc. come before
~ Regardless of~ [ ]
~ / ~ Not only~ but also~ ; ~among other things [ ]
~ / ~ Circulate~ ; around~ [ ]
~ / ~ Based on~ [ ]