Grammar summary - Cambridge University Press
Transcript of Grammar summary - Cambridge University Press
Grammar summary
There’s an elephant in the garden!
Present simple
Affi rmative We use the present simple for habits and routines.
I You
get up have breakfastgo to school at
7 o’clock.quarter past seven.
HeSheIt
gets up has breakfast goes to school
inthe morning. the afternoon.the evening.
WeYouThey
get up have breakfastgo to school
have got + timetables
I’veYou’ve
gotHistoryEnglish PE
onMondays.Wednesdays.Thursdays.
He’s She’s
We’ve You’veThey’ve
Present simple
Questions Short answers
Do Iyou
do sport?eat fruit?
Yes,No,
Iyou
do.don’t.
Doeshesheit
Yes,No,
hesheit
does.doesn’t.
Doweyouthey
Yes,No,
weyouthey
do.don’t.
Negatives
I You
don’t(do not)
play football.go to computer club.like swimming.
HeSheIt
doesn’t(does not)
WeYouThey
don’t(do not)
Wh- questions
Whatdo
youwethey
do on Sundays?
When get up?
Wheredoes
heshe
go to school?
Who play with?
Articles
Indefi nite article a/an Defi nite article the We use a/an to talk about one person or thing. We use the when the listener knows which person or thing we are talking about.
She’s a fat cat. The fat cat is under the table.
There’s a basketball match today. The basketball match starts at 10.
An important football team is playing today.
I’m not in the school football team.
Un
it 1
Un
it 2
They watch TV in the evening.
in the garden!
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I don’t like rollerblading.
can and can’t for ability
Affi rmative Negative
I YouHeSheItWeYouThey
candance.swim.
I YouHeSheItWeYouThey
can’t(cannot)
sing.draw.
Can is a modal verb.With modal verbs we don’t:– use s with the 3rd person singular– use to with the infi nitive– use do or don’t
Questions Short answers
Can
I youhesheitweyouthey
juggle?cook?
Yes,
I youhesheitweyouthey
can.
No, can’t.
can for requests and permission
Request Can you help me? Yes. Of course I can.
Permission Can I go to the cinema? Yes, you can.
like, love, hate + verb + -ing
IYouWeThey
lovelikedon’t likehate
singing.dancing.swimming.
HeSheIt
loveslikesdoesn’t likehates
drawing.riding a bike.juggling.
Verb + -ing
Verb cook listen ride have run swim
-ing form cooking listening riding having running swimming
Present continuousWe use the present continuous for actions happening now.
Affi rmative Negative Questions Short answers
I’m
singing.eating.reading.
I’m not
singing.eating.reading.
Am I
singing?eating?reading?
Yes, I am. No, I’m not.
You’re You aren’t Are you Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
He’sShe’sIt’s
He isn’tShe isn’tIt isn’t
Is heIs sheIs it
Yes, he is.Yes, she is.Yes, it is.
No, he isn’t.No, she isn’t.No, it isn’t.
We’reYou’reThey’re
We aren’tYou aren’tThey aren’t
Are weAre youAre they
Yes, we are.Yes, you are.Yes, they are.
No, we aren’t.No, you aren’t.No, they aren’t.
Why …? and Because …
Questions Answers
Why are you sitting down? Because I’m doing my homework.
Why is she going to the supermarket? Because she wants to buy some food.
Let’s …
Let’smeet at six o’clock. We use Let’s + infi nitive
to make suggestions.go to the pet shop.
Un
it 3
Mum and Dad are skiing.
My sister can run very fast.
Un
it 4
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And you’re longer than
me.You’re taller than me.
this, these, that, those
Singular Plural
this I like this top. these I like these shoes.
that I like that jacket. those I like those trousers.
Countable and uncountable nouns
Countableeuro sweet key magazine - Countable nouns can be
singular or plural.Some plural countable nouns have no singular form.
euros sweets keys magazines scissors
Uncountable money food music bread milk
some and any
Plural countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
We use some and any with plural countable and uncountable nouns.
We never use a or an with uncountable nouns.
Affi rmative = someI want some new clothes.
I’ve got some great new music.
Negative = anyI haven’t got any apples.
I don’t want any milk.
Question = anyHave you got any euros?
Have you got any money?
How much …?
How muchis that dress?
are those shoes?
would like + to + in� nitive / would like + noun
When do we use it?
To make invitations Would you like to go to the cinema?
To express preferences I’d like a dog.
To talk about things people want to do
What would you like to do?I’d like to go to Spain.
To ask for things politely I’d like a present.
Comparatives
Spelling of comparative adjectives
Short adjectives + -er small → smaller
Short adjectivesthat end in -e
+ -r nice → nicer
Short adjectives that end in vowel (V) + consonant (C)
double C + -er
big → bigger
2 syllable adjectivesthat end in -y
✘ y + -ier heavy → heavier
Long adjectives with 2, 3, 4 or more syllables
more + adjective
beautiful → more beautiful
Irregular adjectivesgood → betterbad → worse
A mouse
is
smaller
than
a rabbit.
A rabbit bigger a hamster.
A tortoise heavier a fi sh.
A dog more expensive a cat.
Un
it 5
uncountable nouns.
We never usewith
Sorry. There isn’t any ice cream.
Un
it 6
those
these
Which apple would you like?
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Un
it 7
I like … or I’d like …
like + -ing would like + to + infi nitive
Affi rmative I like walking. I’d like to go for a walk.
Questions Do you like swimming? Would you like to go to the swimming pool?
Short answers Yes, I do. No, I don’t. Yes, I would. No, I wouldn’t.
Present continuous for future plans
Affi rmative Negative Questions
I’m
going to Spain.
I’m not
playing tennis.
Am I
going out?
We can use the present continuous for future plans and intentions.
You’re You aren’t Are you
He’sShe’s
He isn’t She isn’t
Is heIs she
We’re You’re They’re
We aren’t You aren’t They aren’t
Are we Are you Are they
Talking about future time
on at in
this evening tomorrow morning / afternoon / eveningnext week / month / year
on Fridayon Thursday morningon Sunday afternoonon 26th May
at six o’clockat the weekendat Christmas
in Marchin fi ve minutesin summer
We often use the present continuous for future plans with a future time reference.
I’m not playing tennis again tomorrow.
Are you going out today? Don’t forget your
umbrella!
Grammar summary 87© Cambridge University Press and Helbling Languages 2014 MORE! 8e Student's Book