GrammarGrammarReviewReview

Meet IVAN CAPPMeet IVAN CAPPTypes of NounsTypes of Nouns

Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb AgreementThe ColonThe Colon

Georgia Performance Georgia Performance StandardsStandards

ELA9C1ELA9C1 – Demonstrates understanding – Demonstrates understanding and control of the rules of English.and control of the rules of English.

Understand & use the Mnemonic device Understand & use the Mnemonic device IVAN CAPPIVAN CAPP

Identify the different Identify the different Kinds of NounsKinds of Nouns Correctly control Correctly control Subject-Verb Subject-Verb

AgreementAgreement Correctly use theCorrectly use the Colon Colon

Who is IVAN CAPP?Who is IVAN CAPP?

IVAN CAPPIVAN CAPP is a is a Mnemonic DeviceMnemonic Device that that you will learn & use in order to remember you will learn & use in order to remember the Eight Parts of Speech.the Eight Parts of Speech.

IVAN CAPPIVAN CAPP

II

VV

AA

NN

CC

AA

PP

PP

Meet IVAN CAPPMeet IVAN CAPP

I I

InterjectionsInterjections VV

VerbsVerbs AA

AdjectivesAdjectives NN

NounsNouns

CC

ConjunctionsConjunctions AA

AdverbsAdverbs PP

PronounsPronouns PP

PrepositionsPrepositions

NOUNSNOUNS

What are Nouns?What are Nouns?

A noun is a word that names a person, A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.place, thing, or idea.

Kinds or Types of NounsKinds or Types of Nouns

Nouns may be classified as:Nouns may be classified as:

Common NounsCommon Nouns A general name for a person, place, A general name for a person, place, thing, or idea.thing, or idea.

Proper NounsProper NounsThe name of a specific person, place, The name of a specific person, place, thing, or idea.thing, or idea.

Kinds & Types of NounsKinds & Types of Nouns

Nouns may be classifies as:Nouns may be classifies as:

Concrete NounsConcrete NounsNames an object that can be seen, Names an object that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tested.heard, smelled, touched, or tested.

Abstract NounsAbstract NounsNames something that cannot be Names something that cannot be perceived through the five senses.perceived through the five senses.

Kinds & Types of NounsKinds & Types of Nouns

Nouns may be classified as:Nouns may be classified as:

Collective NounsCollective NounsNames a group of people or things.Names a group of people or things.

Compound NounsCompound NounsContains two or more words. It may be Contains two or more words. It may be written as one word, as two words, or written as one word, as two words, or with a hyphen.with a hyphen.

What is Subject-Verb What is Subject-Verb Agreement?Agreement?

A sentence has two parts:A sentence has two parts: A SubjectA Subject – tells whom or what the – tells whom or what the

sentence is about …andsentence is about …and A PredicateA Predicate – tells what the subject is, – tells what the subject is,

what the subject didwhat the subject did, or what happened , or what happened to the subject.to the subject.

VerbVerb is found in the Predicate and it tells is found in the Predicate and it tells what the subject didwhat the subject did..

Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement

A verb must agree in number with its A verb must agree in number with its subject.subject.

The The numbernumber of a word indicates if the of a word indicates if the word is singular or plural.word is singular or plural.

A word is A word is singularsingular when it refers to ONE when it refers to ONE thing.thing.

A word is A word is pluralplural when it refers to MORE when it refers to MORE THAN ONE thing.THAN ONE thing.

SingularSingular

If a subject is If a subject is singular, its verb singular, its verb must be singularmust be singular

A A singular subject singular subject does not have an does not have an “s”“s” at the end of it. at the end of it.

BUT a BUT a singular verb singular verb does have an “s”does have an “s” at at the end of it.the end of it.

The The gymnast jumpsgymnast jumps

Both are singularBoth are singular

The The cat meowscat meows

Both are singularBoth are singular

The The reporter talksreporter talks

Both are singularBoth are singular

PluralPlural

If a subject is plural, If a subject is plural, then its verb must be then its verb must be plural.plural.

A plural subject has A plural subject has an “s”an “s” at the end. at the end.

BUT, BUT, a plural verb a plural verb does not have an does not have an “s”“s” at the end. at the end.

The The gymnasts jumpgymnasts jump

Both are pluralBoth are plural

The The cats meowcats meow

Both are pluralBoth are plural

The The reporters talkreporters talk

Both are pluralBoth are plural

Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement

In a sentence with a verb phrase, the first In a sentence with a verb phrase, the first helping verb must agree with the subject.helping verb must agree with the subject.

ExamplesExamples The corn The corn crop crop hashas withered in the blazing withered in the blazing

sun.sun. The The peaches peaches havehave been ripening for a been ripening for a

month.month.

Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement

The subject of the verb is never found in a The subject of the verb is never found in a prepositional phrase.prepositional phrase.

When you make subjects and verbs agree, When you make subjects and verbs agree, disregard any prepositional phrase that disregard any prepositional phrase that separates the subject from the verb.separates the subject from the verb.

ExamplesExamples The The tapestapes on the shelfon the shelf areare mine. mine. Many Many constellationsconstellations in the skyin the sky havehave

names.names.

Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreement

Phrases beginning with words such as Phrases beginning with words such as “with”, “together with”, “including”, “as “with”, “together with”, “including”, “as well as”, and “in addition to” are NOT part well as”, and “in addition to” are NOT part of the subject.of the subject.

ExamplesExamples HonestyHonesty, , as well as courageas well as courage, , isis a virtue. a virtue. Broccoli soupBroccoli soup, , in addition to vealin addition to veal, , was was

preparedprepared by the chef. by the chef.

When should the Colon When should the Colon be used?be used?

Use a colon to introduce a list of items.Use a colon to introduce a list of items.

ExampleExample

The FBI investigates the following crimes:The FBI investigates the following crimes:

spying, treason, kidnapping, andspying, treason, kidnapping, and

counterfeiting.counterfeiting.

The ColonThe Colon

Use a colon after the greeting of a Use a colon after the greeting of a business letter.business letter.

ExamplesExamples

Dear Dr. Bolden:Dear Dr. Bolden:

Dear Sir or Madam:Dear Sir or Madam:

The ColonThe Colon

Use a colon between the numerals Use a colon between the numerals indicating hours and minutes.indicating hours and minutes.

ExamplesExamples

4:30 P.M.4:30 P.M.

10:45 A.M.10:45 A.M.

The ColonThe Colon

Use a colon between chapter and verse Use a colon between chapter and verse in a Biblical reference.in a Biblical reference.

ExamplesExamples

Genesis 2: 4-7Genesis 2: 4-7

Job 3: 2-4Job 3: 2-4

The ColonThe Colon

Use a colon between two sentences Use a colon between two sentences when the second explains or summarizes when the second explains or summarizes the first sentence.the first sentence.

ExampleExample

It is obvious why you’re tires: you’ve beenIt is obvious why you’re tires: you’ve been

staying up late.staying up late.

The ColonThe Colon

Use a colon to introduce a long or formal Use a colon to introduce a long or formal comment.comment.

ExampleExample

George Bernard Shaw once said: TheGeorge Bernard Shaw once said: The

reasonable man adapts himself to thereasonable man adapts himself to the

world. The unreasonable one persists inworld. The unreasonable one persists in

trying to adapt the world to himself.trying to adapt the world to himself.