Grammar Resources

Exclamation markAn exclamation mark usually shows strong feelings such as surprise, anger or joy or shows a raised voice in speech.Example:He exclaimed, "What a fantastic house you have!"Task: Use the correct punctuation mark.a)The house is on fireb) What is the problem with the car c) I can’t believe you ate the whole cake d) Why did you hit Alie) Watch out for that bearf) She went to the park

Commas ,,,,Commas are used to separate items in a list. Example:I need a battery, a bulb, a switch and wires to make a circuit.

Task: Insert a comma where necessary.•We will need hammers nails and a saw to fix the door.•She stopped stared and ran.•Salim frightened the cat teased the dog and annoyed his brother.•My three favourite foods are pasta pizza and ice cream.• I need to call Sally Tom Brad and Kelly about the party.•The large brown fluffy dog ran across the street.

‘’Speech Marks’’Speech marks go around the bits of a sentence actually being spoken.Examples:“Do you believe in miracles?” Charlie asked.Task: Add speech marks where needed.•Welcome home, She said in a loud voice.• Thank you, I replied.•My party was such a lovely surprise! She exclaimed. • The lady asked, What are you doing? • The maid answered, I just came in to see if you wanted to start dinner.

Articles: a/ an / theThe words a, an, and the are special adjectives called articles.

• Use a and an with singular nouns.

• Use a if the next word starts with a consonant sound.(a boy, a car, a bike, a zoo, a

dog)

• Use an if the next word starts with a vowel sound. (an elephant, an egg,

• an apple )

• Use the with singular nouns that name a particular person, place or thing.

• Example: The postman brought the mail.

• Use the before all plural nouns.Example: The giraffes like to eat leaves from the tall trees.

Task: Circle the right article.

• Dad wears (a/an) old pair of shoes to work in the yard.

• I had (a/an) banana for lunch.

• My father brought (the/an) new car home.

• Alex did (a/an) birthday party for my grandfather.

• She took (an/the) first exit and then turned right.

• We can go to (the/an) grocery store or we can go to the mall.

• I do not want (a/an) dog nor do I want a cat.

• Karen wants to go to (the/a) farm to see the cows.

will/ going to• We use “will” for decision.• We use “going to” for planning.• Both of them indicate the future.

Task: Fill in the gaps with will or going to.

• I am --------------------------- my grand parents’ house tomorrow.

• I -------------------------- save some money to spend in summer.

• She --------------------------- buy a car.

• My brothers are --------------------------- the supermarket tomorrow.

• We --------------------------- do some exercises this afternoon.

has and have He has I have She has You have It has We have They haveExamples: I have read that book.She has finished her work.Task: Complete the sentences with has or have.

• They ------------------ called the police.• You ------------------ been a good boy.• It ------------------ rained heavily.• We ------------------- washed the car.• He ------------------- closed all the windows.• Jimmy ------------------- locked the door.• Samia --------------------eaten her dinner.

Time Connectives

They are also called consequencing connectivesExample: next, then, first, second, third, finally, , after, before, eventually…Task: Complete with the following time connectives:Later – first – after that – next – finally – before – then 1. __________ we put our bags in the classes. 2. __________ we go down to the playground for assembly. 3. __________ we do the register. 4. __________ in the morning we do maths. 5. __________ at 9:40, we have break-time. 6. __________ we go home, we pray. 7. __________ we pack our things and go home.

ApostrophesApostrophes are used to show possession• To form the possessive of a singular noun, add an apostrophe ‘ and s (‘s)*The lady’s coat.• For plural nouns ending in s, add only the apostrophe ‘*The girls’ toy.• For plural nouns that do not end in s, add an ‘s*The men’s cars.Task: Insert apostrophes where needed.

*The girls uniforms are dark blue.

*My friends house is huge.

*Janes t-shirt is pink.

*Cats whiskers are short and thin.

Many and Much• Many is used with countable nouns.*There are many tables in the classroom.• Much is used with uncountable nouns.*I don’t like much sugar in my tea.Task: Complete the sentences with many or much.*I haven’t got __________________homework.*She has read ______________________books.• How ______________money do you have?• He has ____________________games.• There is too ___________ traffic in the morning. • How _____________ brothers do you have?• There is too _________________ noise in the classroom.

Adjectives

Adjectives are describing words. They describe nouns and pronouns.Example: naughty, soft, tall, deep, creepy, scary, amazing, beautiful, dark, fresh…Task 1: Circle the adjectives in the following sentences.*The enormous elephant loves peanuts.*The warm sun melted the snow.*The little boy was lost. *Loud sounds hurt ears.Task 2: Add suitable adjectives to get meaningful expressions.*The ------------- house. *The ------------- castle.*The ------------- cave. *The ------------- sky.

Adverbs are also describing words. They describe the verb. Example: clearly, softly, loudly, carefullyTask 1: Underline the adverbs in the following sentences.*Jason quickly read the book.*Emma sang beautifully.*Lily and Sally are talking loudly.Task 2: Add suitable adverbs to the following sentences.Snails crawl very_______________.He drove the car ______________.She cried ____________________.

A conjunction helps us join two short sentences together to make a longer one.Example: while, since, but, although, when, because, if, and, or, after, before...*Mrs Bradley reads us poems when we finish our work.Task 1: Circle the connectives in the following sentences. Task 2: Join the parts of sentences using the following connectives: (and, but, when)*I fell over. I hurt my knee.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*The game ended. The referee blew his whistle.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*We arrived on time at the station. The train was delayed.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If clauses in factual sentencesExample:*If the water is heated, it evaporates. Task 1: Complete the sentences with suitable expressions from the list.

*If there were no plants, --------------------------------------------------*If the ice is heated,-------------------------------------------------------*If the temperature is below 0°, ----------------------------------------*If you eat too much chocolate and sugary food, -----------------------

you get tooth decay / it melts / there would be no oxygen / water freezes