Grammar Introduction
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Transcript of Grammar Introduction
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Grammar Introduction
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Parts of Speech
There are only eight kinds of words. They are the parts of speech. Nouns Pronouns Verbs Adjectives
Adverbs Conjunctions Interjections Prepositions
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Parts of a Sentence
Only five parts of a sentence. Subject
Simple/Complete Predicate
Simple/Complete Direct Object Indirect Object Subject Complement
Predicate nominative/adjective
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Sentence Structure
Subject
ActionVerb
LinkingVerb
SubjectComplement
DirectObject
IndirectObject
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Phrases
There are three types of phrases. Prepositional Appositive Verbal
Gerund Participle Infinitive
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Clauses
There are two types of clauses. Independent Dependent
Sentences can be termed as: Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex
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Clauses - continued
Sentences can also be classified as: Declarative Imperative Interrogative Exclamatory
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Punctuating Clauses
D, II D
I, cc I I; I
I, I = comma splice IccI = run-on sentence
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Patterns
adj nn v
Adv vAdv adv v
Prep adj nAdv adj n-x- conj -x-
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Practice
Action is the foundational key to all success (Pablo Picasso).
n lv adj adj n prep adj n. S P SC(pn) prep phrase – to all success 1 Independent Clause; 1 simple, declarative
Sentence
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Practice
I couldn’t wait for success, so I went ahead without it (Jonathan Winters). Pron hv adv v prep n, conj Pron v adv prep
n S P S P prep phrase – for success prep phrase –
without it 2 independent clauses; 1 compound,
declarative sentences (I, cc I)
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Practice I don’t know the key to success, but the key
to failure is trying to please everybody (Bill Cosby). Pron hv adv v adj n prep n, conj adj n
prep n hv v n S P DO S P DO prep phrase – to success prep phrase –
to failure infinitive phrase – to please everybody
2 Independent Clause; 1 Compound, Declarative Sentences (I, cc I)
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Practice
In order to succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear of failure (Bill Cosby).
Prep n, adj n prep n hv v n conj adj n prep n.
S P DO prep phrase - in order to succeed infinitive
phrase – to succeed, prep phrase – for success prep phrase – of failure
1 independent clause, 2 dependent clauses; 1 complex, declarative sentence (D, I D)
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Practice In order to succeed, you must fail, so that
you know what not to do the next time (Anthony J. D’Angelo). Prep n, pron hv v, conj pron v pron adv n
adj adj n S P, S P DO prep phrase – In order to succeed infinitive
phrase – to succeed, ,infinitve phrase – what not to do the next time
2 independent clauses, 1 dependent clause; 1 compound-complex, declarative sentence (D, I, conj I)
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Practice
Success is that old ABC, ability, break, and courage (Charles Luckman).
n lv adj adj n adj(n, n, conj, n) S P SC(pn) Appositive – ability, break, and courage 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence
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Practice
The thermometer of success is merely the jealousy of the malcontents (Salvador Dali).
Adj n prep n lv adv adj n prep adj n S P SC(pn) prep phrase – of success prep phrase – of the
malcontents 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence
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Practice
It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well (Rene Descartes).
Pron lv adv adj n; adj adj n lv n S P SC(pa); S P SC(pn) infinitive phrase – to have a good mind,
infinitive phrase – to use it well 2 independent clauses; 1 compound,
declarative sentences (I;I)
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Practice
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic (Arthur C. Clarke).
Adj adv adj n lv adj prep n S P SC(pa) prep phrase – from magic 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence
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Practice
I love the smell of napalm in the morning (Apocalypse Now).
Pron v adj n prep n prep adj n S P DO prep phrase – of napalm prep phrase – in the
morning 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence
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Practice
The ability to destroy a planet is insignificant next to the power of the Force (Star Wars).
N lv adj prep adj n prep adj n S P SC(pa) Infinitive phrase – The ability to destroy a
planet prep phrase – next to the power prep phrase – of the Force
1 independent clause, 1 dependent clause; 1 complex , declarative sentence
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Practice
I’ll make him an offer [that] he can’t refuse (The Godfather).
Pron hv v pron adj n [conj] pron hv adv v S P IO DO S P no phrases, appositives, or verbals 2 independent clauses; 1 compound,
declarative sentence (I;I OR I, conj I)
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Practice
Either he’s dead, or my watch has stopped (A Day at the Races).
Conj pron lv adj, conj adj n hv v S P SC(pa), S P no phrases, appositives, or verbals 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative
sentence (I, c I)
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Practice
It just so happens that your friend here is only mostly dead (The Princess Bride).
Pron adv adv av conj adj n adv lv adv adv adj
S P S P SC(pa) no phrases, appositives, or verbals 1 independent clause, 1 dependent clause; 1
complex declarative sentence (I D)
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Practice
Well, Princess, it looks like you managed to keep me here a while longer (The Empire Strikes Back).
Interj, n(noun of address), pron lv conj Pron av n
S P, S P DO Infinitive phrase – to keep me here a while
longer 1 independent clause; 1 complex, declarative
sentence
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Practice
Go ahead, make my day (Sudden Impact). [You] Go ahead; [You] make my day.
V adv, v adj n [S] P, [S] P DO no phrases, appositives, or verbals 2 independent clauses; 1 compound,
imperative sentences (I;I)
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Practice
This one goes to eleven (This Is Spinal Tap).
Adj n av prep n S P Prep phrase – to eleven 1 independent clause; 1 simple declarative
sentence
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Practice
Stupid is, as stupid does (Forrest Gump).
N bv, conj n bv S P S P no phrases, appositives, or verbals 2 independent clauses; 1 compound declarative
sentence (I, conj I)
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Practice
Don’t call me a mindless philosopher, you overweight glob of grease (Star Wars)!
Hv adv av pron adj adj n, pron adj n prep n
[S] P IO DO Noun phrase – you overweight glob of grease
prep phrase – of grease 1 independent clause; 1 simple, exclamatory
sentence
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Practice
Not one couple in a century has that chance, no matter what the story books say (The Princess Bride).
Adv adj n prep adj n av adj n, conj pron adj adj n av
S P DO, DO S P Prep phrase – in a century 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative
sentence (I, conj I)
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Practice
Laugh it up, fuzzball (The Empire Strikes Back).
Av pron adv, n(noun of address) [S] P DO no phrases, appositives, or verbals 1 independent clause; 1 simple, imperative
sentence
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Practice
You got that number to that truck-driving school, Truck Masters (Top Gun)?
Pron v adj n prep adj adj n, n S P DO Prep phrase – to that truck-driving school, Truck
Masters gerund – truck-driving appositive – Truck Masters
1 independent clause; 1 simple interrogative sentence
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Practice
You mocked me once, never do it again (The Princess Bride)!
Pron av pron adv, adv av pron adv S P DO, P DO no phrases, appositives, or verbals 1 independent clause; 1 simple, imperative
sentence
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Practice
Luke, I am your father (The Empire Strikes Back).
n(noun of address), pron lv adj n S P SC(pn) no phrases, appositives, or verbals 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence
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Practice
She picks our clothes out for us, makes our lunches, cuts the crust off the ends of our bread (Fresh Prince of Bel-Air).
Pron av adj n adv prep pron, av adj n, av adj n prep adj n prep adj n
S P DO, P DO, P DO Prep phrase – for us, prep phrase – off the
ends prep phrase – of our bread 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence
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Practice
Nurse, if I gave you a direct order to betray him (Star Trek)?
n(noun of address), conj Pron av pron adj adj n n pron
S P IO DO Infinitve phrase – a direct order to betray him [1 independent clause,] 1 dependent clause; 1
simple, interrogative sentence [Would you do it?]
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Practice
Snakes, Why’d it have to be snakes (Raiders of the Lost Ark)?
N Adv hv pron av n n S P DO Noun phrase – Snakes Infinitive phrase – to be
snakes 1 independent clause; 1 simple, interrogative
sentence
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Practice
You’re a beautiful woman, probably (Doctor Who).
Pron lv adj adj n, adv S P SC(pn) no phrases, appositives, or verbals 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence
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Practice
The Force is with you, young Skywalker, but you are not a Jedi yet (The Empire Strikes Back).
Adj n lv prep pron, n, conj pron lv adv adj n adv
S P, S P SC(pn) Prep phrase – with you appositive – young
Skywalker 2 independent clauses; 1 compound,
declarative sentence
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Practice
I always like to do the unexpected, [because] it takes people by surprise (Doctor Who).
Pron adv av n adj n, [conj] pron av n prep n
S P DO, S P DO Infinitve phrase – to do the unexpected prep
phrase – by surprise 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative
sentence (I;I OR I, [conj] I)
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Practice
You lost today, kid, but that doesn’t mean you have to like it (Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade).
Pron av adv, n(noun of address), conj pron hv adv av pron hv n pron
S P, S P DO Infinitive phrase – you have to like it 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative
sentence
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Practice
Give yourself to the Dark Side (Return of the Jedi).
Av pron prep adj adj n [S] P DO Prep phrase – to the Dark Side 1 independent clause; 1 simple, imperative
sentence
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Practice
It’s not the years, honey, it’s the mileage (Raiders of the Lost Ark).
Pron lv adv adj n, n(noun of address) pron lv adj n
S P DO, S P DO no phrases, appositives, or verbals 2 independent clause; 1 compound, declarative
sentence
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Practice
Rest is for the weary; sleep is for the dead (Doctor Who).
N lv prep adj n; n lv prep adj n S P; S P Prep phrase – for the weary Prep phrase – for
the dead 2 independent clauses; 1 compound,
declarative sentence
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Practice
It’s curious that you should be destined for this wand when its brother gave you that scar (Harry Potter).
Pron lv adj conj pron hv hv av prep adj prep conj adj n av pron adj n
S P SC(pa) S P S P IO DO Prep phrase – for this wand 1 independent clause, 2 dependent clauses; 1
complex, declarative sentence
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Practice
Your little girlfriend gave me the stinkeye in art class yesterday (Juno).
Adj adj n av pron adj n prep adj adj adv S P IO DO Prep phrase – in art class 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence
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Practice
For eight hundred years have I trained Jedi (The Empire Strikes Back).
Prep adj adj n hv pron av n P S P DO Prep phrase – for eight hundred years 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence [I have trained Jedi for eight hundred years.]
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Practice
May the Force be with you (Star Wars).
Hv adj n bv prep pron P S P Prep phrase – with you 1 independent clause; 1 simple, declarative
sentence [The Force may be with you.]