Grammar handbook for spanish
Transcript of Grammar handbook for spanish
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Spanish 3 Grammar Handbook
Anthony Armando Cali
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Table of Contents• El Preterito• Preterite Triggers• Cars Gars and Zars• Spock Verbs• Snake and Snakey Verbs• Cucaracha Irregulars• El Imperfecto• Imperfect Triggers• Imperfect Irregulars• Preterite vs. Imperfect• Verbos como Gustar• Comparatives y Superlatives• Comparative/Superlative irregulars• Estar• Ser• Transition Words• El Futuro• Future Triggers• Future Irregulars• Por • Para
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El Preterito
• A definite time in the past• Has a beginning and or ending• The recent past• Indicates an interrupting action• Perfected Time• Trigger words• Ayer, Anoche, El Ano pasado, La semana
Pasada, Ante ayer, have que
Ar verbs: e, amos, aste, o, asteis, aron
Er verbs: i, imos, iste, isteis, io, ieron
Ir verbs: I, imos, iste, isteis, io, ieron
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Trigger Palabras
• Preterito:• Ayer, ante ayer, anoche, el ano pasado, el mes
pasado, la semana pasada, have (tiempo) que (conjugated verb)
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Car Gar and Zar
• Car:• Que, , caste, camos, co, casteis, caron• Gar:• Gue, , , gamos, gaste, gasteis, go,
garon• Zar:• Ce, , zaste, zamos, zasteis, zo, zaron
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Spock Verbs
• Ir – to go, ser- to be: fui, fuimos, fuiste, fuisteis, fue, fueron
• Dar- to give, ver- to see: I, imos, iste, isteis, io, ieron
• Hacer: to make or do: hice, hicimos, hiciste, hicisteis, hito, hicieron
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Irregular Preterites
• Snake verbs: only changes in 3rd person, e>i: pedir, preferir, competir, repetir, servir, sentir, venir. A>u: dormir, and morir
• Snakey verbs: Only changes in 3rd person, i>y: oir, e> y: leer, creer
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Cucaracha Irregular Preterites• Andar- anduv• Estar Estuv• Poder Pud• Poner Pus• Querer quis• Saber Sup• Tener tuv• Venir vin• conducir conduj• Producir produj• Traducir traduj• Decir dij
EIsteOImosIsteisieron
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El Imperfecto
• The very distant past• Indicates a continuous action• Imperfected time• Trigger words: frecuentamente, siempre, a
veces, a menudo, de vez en cuando, mientras, muchas veces, los lunas, cada dia, todos los dias
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Trigger Palabras
• Imperfecto: Frecuemente, muchas veces, siempre, los lunes, a veces, cada dia, a menudo, todos los dias, de vez en cuando, mientras
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Los imperfectors irregulares
• Ir: iba, ibamos, ibas, ibais, iba, iban• Ser: era, eramos, eras, erais, era, eran• Ver: veia, veiamos, veias, veiais, veia, veian
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Preterite vs, Imperfect
• Preterite: a definite time in the past.• Has a beginning and or endiing• The most recent past• Perfected time• Indicates an interrupting action (snapshot)• Irregular: The very distant past• No definite beginning or ending• Imperfected time• Indicates a continuous action (movie)
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Verbos Como Gustar
• When followed by 1 or more infinitives, singular is used
• Gustar is often used in the conditional tense to softena request
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Verbos como gustar continued• Aburrir, to bore• Encantar, to love• Faltar, to fail• Fascinar, to fascinate• Importar, to be important• Interesar, to interest• Molestar, to bother• Quedar, to be• Caer bien/mal, to fall• Dolar, to hurt• Disgustar, to disgust• Preocupar, to preoccupy,• Aprecer, to wish for• Gustar, to like
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Comparatives y superlatives
• Comparatives• Mas + adjectivo + que• Menos + adjectivo + que• Superlatives• El/la mas + adjectivo + de• El menos + adjectivo + de
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Formas Irregulares
• Bueno, Malo, Viejo, y joven tiene formas de comparativos, y superlativos irregulares
• Bueno > mejor• Malo > peor• Viejo > mayor• Joven > menor
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Estar (to be)
• Health• Emotions• Location• Present condition• I• N• G
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Ser (to be)
• Description• Origin• Characteristics• Time• Occupation• Relation• Physical Characteristics• Event• Date
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Transition Words
• A pasar de: in spite of• Por lo tanto: therefore• Aunque: even though• Sin embargo: nevertheless• Mientras: while• No obstante: nevertheless• Pero: but• Tambien: also
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El futuro
• I/you/he/she/they/we/y’all will• Infinitive + ending• Endings are same for –ar, -er, and –ir• E• • As• Amos• A• Eis
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Trigger Palabras
• Futuro:• El proximo (dia, semana, hora, ano, …)• Manana• En (dos, tres) (dias, semanas, horas, anos)
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Future Irregulars• Caber cabr• Decir dir• Haber habr• Hay habra• Poder podr• Poner pondr• Querer querr• Saber sabr• Salir saldr• Tener tendr• Valer valdr• Venir vednr
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Por (for)
• General, not specific• Location: portugal• Passing through: portal• Cause of something: porpuse• How long something lasts: porever• An exchange: import export• Means of transportation• Doing something for something else: I’m por pay
for me
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Para (for)
• Destination: paraguay• For whom something is done: surprise paratay• Purpose for which something is done: parasite• To express an opinion: paradon me, but• To express a deadline: paramedic• Compara contrast