Grammar Exercises for Advanced Students

7/28/2019 Grammar Exercises for Advanced Students

1/74

Universitatea Tehnic a Moldovei

Facultatea Calculatoare,Informatica si MicroelectronicaCatedra Informatica Aplicata

GRAMMAR

Exercises for advanced students

Chiinu

U.T.M.2008

1


2/74

Grammar exercises for advanced students is designed for upper-intermediate and advanced students who are studying at specialityApplied Informatics. It aims at helping students to learn grammar at ahigher level. The exercises are intended for further improvingstudents knowledge in the classroom or during individual studyingprocess. It can also be used either under the guidance of a teacher or byinterested learners on their own.

Author: Maria Anischevici

Liudmila TutunaruChief editor: Maria Anischevici

Reviewer: senior lecturer Larisa Scherbac

U.T.M., 2008

2


3/74

CONDITIONALS

Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verbs into the correct

form. Pay attention to the adverbial modifiers of time .1. If he (book) tickets yesterday, he (lie) on the beach now.2. She (not forgive) him if she (not be) his mother.3. If you (drink) less last night, you (not feel) so bad today.4. If he (be) cleverer, he (not behaved) so foolishly yesterday.5. If I (know) English well, I (translate) the article long ago.6. I (take) part in the last competition if I (be) younger.7. If he (do) work yesterday, he (be) free today.8. If you (take) into account his behavior then, you (not have) so much trouble

now.9. You (may be) a star now if you (be offered) the part in the film then.10.If she (not decide) to change a job last year, she (go) to China next month.11.He (not go) to sleep over that book if it (not be) so dull.12.If he (be) a good musician, he (take part) in yesterday's concert.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the suitable tense:

1. If they work today, they (have) the day off next Monday.

2. If we (be) late, we might get into trouble.3. They wouldn't have hired a boat if they (know) about the weather.4. If he (insure) the shop against fire, they would have paid him.5. She wouldn't have lost her temper if he (not tell) her a lie.6. I (have) no difficulty in finding a good job if I were as good as you.7. They will send him to prison if they (catch) him.8. If he (not be) such a reckless driver, he wouldn't have been killed.

9. If John (not start) smoking when he was 15, he (not lie) in hospitalnow.10. You (break) your leg if I (not warn) you about that unsteady ladderyesterday.

3


4/74

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

1.He wishes he (not have) to get up early.2.They wish David (pass) his exams last June.3.Mark wishes his girlfriend (not leave) for Paris tomorrow.4.If only he (not be) so selfish. He always thinks about himself first.5. I wish you (be) more interested in your lessons!6.If only we (not have) so much work to do!7.We wish he (become) a doctor instead of a lawyer.8.If only you (have) a sense of humor9. Don't you wish we (finish) earlier yesterday?10. If only she (realize) what's she was going to do!

Exercise 4. Choose the right variant and translate the sentences

into Romanian (Russian)

1. She wished at that moment she (had not sent / did not send) for him.2. I wish I never (had suggested / suggested) this idea.3. She wishes I (had been / were) a thousand miles away.4. I wish she (had not looked / did not look) so sad.5. The professor wishes I (had studied / studied) harder.

6. We wished he (had not come / did not come) so late yesterday.7. I wish you (had seen / saw) the play. It was a great success.8. I wish they (had introduced / introduced) their friends to me at the party.9. She wishes her father (hadn't known / didn't know) it.10. He wished they (hadn't noticed / didn't notice) his embarrassment.

Exercise 5. Make up conditional sentences about the situations.

1. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If... 2. Youleft the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If ... 3. They spent a yearin the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If ... 4. It rained heavily, so we gotdrenched to the skin, If ... 5. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all thefish. If... 6. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we hadto turn back and hurry home. If... 7. The travelers had no camera with them,so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If... 8. There was nosugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If... 9. This house is

very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is

4


5/74

situated close to a chemical plant and the air around is very bad. If ... 10. Heis an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because Im notacquainted with him. If ... 11. You cannot enjoy this merry evening partybecause you have a toothache. If ... 12. You know the material wellenough, but you are very absent-minded, and thats why you always makemany mistakes. If ... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is verylate. If ... 14. Naturally she was angry because you were in her way. If

Exercise 6. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct form:

1. If my brother (to go) to Bucharest, he will visit the Village Museum. 2.Tom (to learn) French if only he had the time. 3. If he (to know) what to

do, he wouldhave done it. 4. What she (to do) if she had found out thetruth? 5. Granny (not to be able) to read if she lost her spectacles. 6.Mary (to pass) the examination if she works hard. 7. If I (to be) pianist, Iwould play the piano all day long. 8. George would take that job if he (tobe offered) it. 9. I hoped they would understand her if she (to explain) thesituation. 10. You wouldn't have been so tired if you (not to go) to thatparty. 11. If anyone tried open this window at night, my dog (to hear)him. 12. What will you say if she (to ask) for some more money? 13. If

he (to understand) the rules, he wouldn't have made so many mistakes.14. I wouldn't like to be in his shoes if such a thing (to happen). 15. If mybrother (to have) a university degree, he wouldn't have to work as amechanic now. 16. What will happen if his parachute (not to open)? 17.Had I met that girl before, I certainly (to marry) her. 18. I would begrateful to her if she (not to ask) me anything.19. My parents would havebeen much happier if I (to become) a doctor. 20. Where would you go if

you (to be) on holiday now? 21. Someone will steal your camera if you(to leave) it on the bench. 22. If I (to speak) to her more slowly, shewould surely have understood me. 23. When you (to get) there if youleave at 6 o'clock in the morning? 24. The room (not to look) so dark ifshe cleaned the windows more often. 25. If I (to be) you, I would acceptthat job. 26. If only she (to tell) us about the pills, we could have savedher. 27. In case George (to arrive) here before us, ask him to write adetailed report about the accident..

5


6/74

Exercise 7. Complete the following conditional sentences:

1.If the Danube rose high, ... . 2. They wouldn't have seen London, if ... .3. If these people knew the truth, they ... . 4.If James catches thetrain, ... . 5. Had I known the way to the village, . 6. Were Steven theGreat to come to life again, . 7. The weather is as cold as if, ... . 8. If Isaw the robber coming out of the bank, ... . 9. Mother would have beenangry, if... . 10. Your dress would look much more beautiful, if ... . 11.If she finds tickets, we... 12. If he lived in a large town, ... . 13. If I hadknown about the party, 14. If I were you, ... . 15. If your cousin comeshere today, ... . 16. Your brother wouldn't have caught a cold, if ...

Exercise 8. Supply the correct forms of the verbs in brackets, but

use the following verbs in the main clause: can; could; may; might;

should; ought to or must:

1. If your brother (to have) the right qualification, he ... be employed inthis factory.2. If you (to tell) her all about this, she ... have helped you.3. If we (to fail) again, we ... think about another job.

4. If Jack (to meet) this girl at a party last year, she ... remember himnow.5. If it (to be) so cold now, it ... have snowed in the mountains.6. You see, if you (to learn) the lesson well, you ... answer all theteacher's questions now.7. If Martin (to read) your article, he (to find) it interesting.8. If your car (to be) out of order, you ... use mine today.

9. If she (to speak) so fast, they ... not understand her. 10. If Cathy (towork) hard, they ... finish all the exercises by 7 o'clock.

6


7/74

Exercise 9. Finish each of the sentences in such a way that it means

exactly the same as the one printed before it:

1. If he hadnt helped us, we shouldnt have been able to finish thework by now.But for

2. If you have been studying French for so long, you should speak itfluently now. it is time

3. Follow my advice and you wont go wrong.As long as you4. Id like you to tell me frankly what you think.Id rather5. Considering all the dangers that threatened hi life, it is a miracle

that he survived. If one6. She had hardly ever been to the theatre.Hardly

7. Without their financial support, the reform movement couldnthave been made wider.If it8. As he was asked to state his intentions, we know what to do now.

If

9. It would be good if you could join us on that particular occasion.If only

10. If the weather is favorable, well travel to the lighthouse.Provided that

11. If we dont save some money, well never be able to buy a car.Unless

12. Never before had they agreed upon such important matters. Suchimportant matters

13. John failed his exam last term, so he is taking it again in June.If

14. He never throws a paper away before having read every news

item. Only

7


8/74

Exercise 10. Change the following sentences into hypothetical

statements, using the suggested words and making any other

necessary changes. The first is done for you:

e.g.We would all like to organize a big picnic next week. (lovely)

It would be lovely if we organized a big picnic next week.

1. They are thinking about taking a trip to Hawaii. (marvelous)2. He is going to postpone seeing a doctor again. (mistake)3. Jane thinks shes got the winning lottery ticket this week.

(fantastic)

4. They are going to try and cover that long distance in an hour.

(miracle)5. We would like you to start the conference later, so that we have

time to get there. (nice)6. John found that it might just be possible for him to squeeze four

years of courses into three. (great)7. Mary has only one more semester to go, but her friends think shi

is going to drop out and return home. (tragedy)8. It is hoped that some rich foundation will give five billion dollars

to help alleviate food shortage in Bangladesh. ( fortunate)

Exercise 11. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as

similar as possible in meaning to the original one. Begin as

suggested:

1. Please dont change your mind.I wish

2. Its really late. We ought to be saying good-bye.Its time3. It would be nicer if we lived in the countryside.Id rather4. Id rather you didnt interrupt us. Would you5. Id be happy if I could give you the money you need.I wish6. Please dont tell anybody about my plans for the future.Id

rather

7. We could have done something if you had let us know about hisdecision.If only

8


9/74

8. Wed like you to focus your camera lens on the poor people.Doyou think

9. We regret having made an unscheduled overnight stop in Madrid.We apologize

Exercise 12. Turn the sentences below into hypothetical statements:

1. We made an inquiry, thats why we are so well informed on thematter.

2. I dont like big cities and so I settled down in the countryside.

3. Since they know the area so well, they can travel without a map.4. Johns work is very difficult, thats why he is looking for a newjob.

5. Since she doesnt love him, she wont marry him.6. We bought a flat last week, thats why we are so short of money

now.7. As I havent seen the play, I cant tell you whether the acting was

good or not.

8. I have a bad cold, I cant go with you to the mountains.9. John will only come if you send for him.10. They didnt offer him a reasonable salary and so he didnt take

the job.11. As Susan didnt take my advice, she is in a difficult position now.12. This is thought to be an important issue, so we cant avoid

discussing it.

13. You forgot to bring the keys, so we cant go into the garage now.14. You encouraged Tom to come and here he is.

9


10/74

Exercise 13. Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the imperative

form of the suitable verb:

e.g.If you dont start right now, youll be late for the conference.

Start right now, or youll be late for the conference.

1. You wont oversleep if you set your alarm clock.2. If you dont invite her to your birthday party, shell be upset.3. If you just say you are sorry, well forgive you.4. Everything will turn out well, if you give them a chance.5. If you shout at him, he will lose his temper.6. If you dont lock your car, it will be stolen.7. Well get lost if you dont follow the directions.

8. If you dont mind your own business, youll get into trouble.9. If he tells the truth, he wont get punished.10. Ill never lend you money again, if you dont pay what you owe

me.

Exercise 14. Make sentences of a hypothetical or unreal nature with

past, present or future references, starting from the following:

1. The wind was blowing very hard. It was difficult to hear his

voice.2. George had some dry matches in his pocket. We were able to start

a fire.3. It is raining hard. We cant go out for a walk.4. Well go out to the beach again. The sky will get lighter.5. They will go home. The storm will be over soon.6. You didnt spot the printing errors in my manuscript. I didnt

correct them.7. Im no longer young. I cant take a year off work and travelaround the world.

8. Ill see John soon. Ill tell him the good news.9. I cant find a suitable flat to rent. I wont move to Bristol.10. You didnt study hard enough. You didnt pass the test.11. You are constantly being told off for doing the wrong thing. You

think you cannot do anything right.

10


11/74

12. Passive smoking is a danger to health. Thats why Im worriedabout my brother.

13. Some friends of mine from France sent me some adverts. Imgoing to apply for a job abroad.

14. Diets dont work. You dont get thinner.15. I didnt see him. I didnt give him a lift to the station.16. The car slowed down in order to go gently over the broken road.

My friend crashed into its rear.17. The government new trade policy is working out very well.

Consequently we are making progress.

Exercise 15. Make a true statement for the conditional clauses in the

following sentences:

1. If he should happen to ask where I am, tell him to contact me atthis number.

2. If I had known he would come, I would have stayed longer.3. If John should arrive in the meantime, we could go together to the

party.

4. If the were to reconsider our suggestion, I am sure we could do agood job together.

5. If you should run into any kind of trouble, dont hesitate to let usknow.

6. If you were to explain the situation to him, he would change hismind.

7. If what I am going to tell you should leak out, people would be

outraged.8. If Paul had taken my advice, he wouldnt be in a narrow cornernow.

9. If there should be anything you want to ask, do it now.10. If I were in your shoes, I wouldnt share the profit with anyone

else.

11


12/74

REPORTED SPEECH

Exercise 1. Change the following sentences from Direct into

Reported Speech.

1. "Where have you been?" he asked me.2. "Close your eyes and open the parcel", she said to me.3. "I'm writing my autobiography", said Paul, (up - to -date reporting)4. They said to her, "We hope you will give us your car", (out - of- datereporting)5. "Please sir, can I have some more food?" said Oliver.6. "Go to your room and stay there!" said the father.

7. "Don't walk on the grass", the park attendant said to us.8. "Did you pay the electricity bill?" he said to his wife.9. "I'll phone you at seven o'clock tonight", she said to him. (out-of - datereporting)10. "What size shoes do you take?" the shop assistant said to him.

Exercise 2. First write an appropriate introductory verb, then report

the following situations.

Ex: "You should go to a doctor" - advise. He advised me to go to adoctor.

1. "The bread is stale".2. "I will buy you a present".3. "You ought to tell her the news".4. "I'm sorry I insulted you".

5. "Shall I help you?"6. "Give me a statement or I'll detain you".7. "Don't go near the fire".8. "That's why I didn't go".9. "I didn't steal the money".10. "Let's go out tonight".

12


13/74

Exercise 3. Change the following sentences as in the example.

e.g.: He asks, "Where has she gone?" - He asks where she has

gone.

1. I ask them, "Who is the director of this film?"2. They ask, "What happened last week?"3. Sam asks, "Who told you this?"4. The passerby asks, "Where is the nearest cafe?"5. She asks, "How much does this jacket cost?"6. My students ask, "How long does it take to study English?"7. Grandpa asks, "What have they justsaid on the radio?"

8. She asks, "Whose clothes are these?"9. Mr. Snow asks, "Who am I talking to?"10.Everybody asks, "When will the party begin?"11.They ask us, "How often does it snow in the Caucasus?"12.My daughter asks me, "Who invented the bicycle?"13.He asks, "What is on TV tonight?"14.She asks, "How much shampoo is there in the bottle?"

Exercise 4. Report the following using an appropriate introductoryverb from the list below.

Promise, apologize, remind, complain, deny, inform, order, allow,

encourage, forbid

1. "The exam papers are still being marked, Jane", the teacher said.2. "Don'tforget to thank your mother", he said to Linda.3. "You mustn't come here again", she said to the tramp.

4. "I didn't hit him", Sarah said.5. "I'll tidy up when I return home, Mum", Tim said.6. "I'm sorry I forgot to do the homework", she said to the teacher.7. "You may see her for a few minutes", the nurse saidto me.8. "Get off the grass immediately!" he said to the kids.9. "You'realways forgetting to shut the fridge door", she said to her husband.10. "Comeon! Try it again!" he said to me.

13


14/74

Exercise 5. Rewrite the sentences in Indirect Speech .

e.g. "I'll visit you next week". He said that he would visit me the

following week.1. "What does your father want?" I asked ...2. "Can I get you a cup of hot coffee?" She asked me ...3. "Forget what you heard! He told me ...4. "You should call the police" The old man advised me ...5. "I'll show you the way to the bank" The policeman offered ...

Exercise 6. Report the following sentences.

1. "When I get a job, Ill buy you a warm coat," said the boy'sfather. 2. "If you spill the milk, there won't be any for the cat," saidmy mother to me. 3. "When you come to see me on Sunday, I shallshow you my new dress," she said to me. 4. "If Mary arrives beforeseven, bring her to our house for the evening," said Jane to Henry. 5."When your turn comes, listen very carefully to what the doctor tellsyou," I said to my grandmother. 6. "If you are in a hurry, we shall

make only the first experiment," said the laboratory assistant to me. 7."I shan't start anything new until I have finished this novel." said thewriter to the correspondent. 8. "Don't wait until I come. As soon as youfinish the exercises, begin playing volley-ball," said the teacher to thepupils. 9. "As soon as Robert appears, ask him where he put thedictionary," said Mary to her mother.

Exercise 7. Change the Indirect Speech into the Direct one:

1. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed ondeck all the time. 2. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing theChannel. 3. She said she was feeling bad that day. 4. Tom said he would goto see the doctor the next day. 5, He told me he was ill. 6. He told me he hadfallen ill. 7. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before.8. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 9. She told me she had caught

old. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He

14


15/74

said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would notcome to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at ahealth-resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.


1. "Are you playing volley-ball, girls?" said Ann. "I did not know that youliked it." 2. "Don't touch these photographs," said Peter to us. "They are stillwet, and you may spoil them." 3. "Does your friend often come here,hoys?" said Fred. "I want to speak to him." 4. "How did you manage tosolve this difficult problem in such a short time?" said my friend to me. 5. The

teacher said to us: "You will write a test-paper tomorrow." 6. "I saw a newfilm yesterday," said Kate to Nick. "Did you like it?" asked Nick. 7. "Whyare you shouting, man?" said Prince John to Locksley. "What is yourname?" 8. "Who has read "Ivanhoe"?" asked the teacher. "Whom was itwritten by?" 9. One of the pupils asked the teacher of literature: "Whatnovels shall we read next year?"


1. "Will the teacher return our exercise-books today?" asked Nick. 2. "Mynephew is a very capable young man," said the woman. "He has justgraduated from college, but he is already a very skilful specialist." 3. "Sitstill and don't move your head," said the doctor to me. 4. "I want to knowhow your cousin likes working at this hospital," said Vera to Helen. 5."Don't forget to bring your exercise-books tomorrow," said the teacher to us.

"You are going to write a very important paper." 6. "How can I get to thecircus?" asked the girl. "Take tram number five," said the man. 7. "I amvery sorry, Kate," said Mike, "I have forgotten to bring your dictionary." 8."When does your mother go shopping?" asked the neighbour. 9. "Do youknow where the Browns Iwie?" we asked a passer-by. 10. "There are a lot oftrains to my station on Sunday," said Andrew to us. "You will have noproblems getting to my country-place." 11. "Do you often meet me?"

15


16/74

Exercise 10. Write the following sentences in Direct Speech.

1. George said it was very difficult to play that role. 2. He asked why therewere so few people in the street. 3. The man asked the boy if he knew wherehe lived. 4. The woman told him not to worry; and go home quietly. 5. Shesaid that she would sleep in the open air. 6. She wondered if I was going toleave St. Petersburg the next day. 7. He told me that he had bought thatwatch the day before. 8. Ann said that she had just had a telephone callfrom home. 9. My neighbour asked me to leave the key at my sister's. 10.He said he could not understand the rule. 11. He told me he had bought a

ticket the day before. 12. When I came home, my mother told me that a friendof mine had called on me half an hour before. 13. He said that he studied atOxford University 14. She said that her brother was playing chess with hergrandfather.

Exercise 11. Turnthe following sentences into the Indirect Speech:

A. 1. "What will you say to her now?" Dorothy asked me. 2. "Read theinstructions carefully," the clerk advised me. 3. "It's difficult to say who

is right," Paul said to his sister. 4."Don't tell them anything about this," Iadvised Mary. 5. "Will she have enough money to buy that house? Iwondered. 6."Did you find her in the classroom?" I asked Tom.7."Doesyour mother know that you are here? I asked him. 8. "My goodness! I'velost my gloves! 9. I will read the book if she gives it to me," I explainedto him. 10. "Where are your friends going now?" I asked Helen. 11."Let's tell her the secret now," Dan suggested. 12. "Have you ever been

to Egypt?" Roger asked his friend. 13. "How many brothers have yougot?" Mary asked me. 14. "Good-bye and see you soon! the sister said.15. "Can I go to the cinema with you tomorrow?" Brian asked his sister.16. "Help me, please! begged the little boy.17."Do you like my newdress?" Catherine asked her sister.18. "Would you mind showing me theway to the bank?" I asked an old lady. 19. "Give my kindest regards toyour parents," I told Julia. 20. "What about going fishing tomorrow?"George asked me.

16


17/74

B."What's the time?" Peter asked mother. "It will be 7 soon. Have youfinished your breakfast, children?" "Yes, we finished it five minutesago," Peter answered. "Don't forget to take this book to the library today.And hurry to school now!" mother advised her children. "Let's take abus," Mary suggested, "or we shall be late for school." "Let's."

Exercise 12. Turn the following affirmative imperative sentences into

the Indirect Speech:

1. "Leave it on the table," mother told me. 2. "Wait here till she comes,"Jane advised him. 3. "Come back at 6 o'clock," my sister told me. 4. "Sit

down," the teacher told us. 5. "Open all the windows," she told herbrother. 6. "Repeat the last word," Tom asked me. 7. "Turn the light off,"father told the children. 8. "Take off your coat, I advised my wife. 9."Go to the baker's and buy some bread," mother told my sister. 10."Learn this poem by heart," the teacher told the pupils.

Exercise 13. Turn the following imperative sentences into the

Indirect Speech:

1."Cash this check for me," I asked my friend. 2. "Let's not go to schooltoday," Paul told his sister. 3. "Don't cross the street without lookingcarefully," the policeman warned the children. 4. "Buy a newspaper,please," father asked his daughter. 5. "Don't make so much noise, the oldwoman told the children. 6. See who is at the window, I told my brother.7. "Let's sing this song again," said the girls. 8. "Don't write your test

paper in pencil," the teacher told us. 9. "Hold little Paul by his hand,"mother advised me. 10. "Don't let the children go swimming bythemselves," mother told father. 11. "Wait until the light turns green," Ireminded my daughter. 12. "Don't use more sugar than necessary," Marytold her daughter.

17


18/74

Exercise 14. Turn the following sentences from the Indirect Speech

into the Direct Speech:

1. I told him that I was tired. 2. That woman wanted to know what myname was and where I lived. 3. Betsy told Arnold that she was verygrateful to him. 4. Helen advised me to take a taxi to the railway station.5. Mike decided that he would go to London the next day. 6. David saidthat his parents were coming that afternoon. 7. The teacher told us toopen our notebooks and to do that exercise. 8. The little child wished mea good morning. 9. Bob explained that he had never seen her there. 10.Mother said that it might rain that afternoon. 11. Mrs. Robinson

wondered whether her sister managed to catch the plane. 12. She advisedme not to leave so early. 13. She gave an exclamation of surprise andkissed her brother. 14. Aunt Hester said she would call on us in a day ortwo. 15. I asked the boy if he was not homesick sometimes.

Exercise 15. Rewrite the sentences in Direct Speech. Note that there

is an implied dialogue in the examples below:

1. I asked him why he said Id better write his address down, and he

answered that one never knew, I might want to write him a letter.2. When I told him I was madly in love with Alice, my friend

suggested I should invite her to the theatre.3. When I said I did a lot of reading, Paul was not surprised, but said

he himself read at least two books every week.4. He looked worried when he said he was feeling awful. I advised

him to take a rest.

5. Marys request that she might have the next week off met with ablunt refusal. Her employer said that he couldnt stand peoplewho took days off without really being ill.

6. When I asked her why she was feeling bored, she replied thatthere were no films on that she wanted to see and that she didnthave a good book to read.

7. When I told Jim that we should go for an outing the followingSaturday, he accepted my suggestion unreservedly.

18


19/74

Exercise 16. Helen went to a party last week, where she was

introduced to several people she had never met before. Report the

various questions that people asked Helen in the course of the

evening, using someone as the subject of the main clause.

1. Did you drive all the way from York?2. Arent you feeling tired?3. Who did you come to the party with?4. Would you like to drink something?5. Have you been here before?6. What do you do for a living?7. When did you actually begin speaking Spanish?

8. Have you been watching the latest science fiction series?9. Where will you spend your summer holidays?10. What is your phone number?11. Can I give you a ring next week?12. What time is it?13. May I see you again some time?

Exercise 17. As you turn the following sentences into Indirect

Speech, replace the word saidby one of the verbs at the head of the

exercise:Wondered advised whispered complained threatened

suggested admitted agreed boasted claimed

promised apologized

1. Ive made a mistake and I must pay for it, he said.2. Lets go to the seaside for the weekend, she said.3. I shall always love you, her fianc said in a low voice.

4. Well, yes. If we dont have the money, we cant carry out ourproject, he said.5. Im really sorry. I completely forgot to bring the keys with me,

he said.6. Talk on the phone to a shop that does repairs, and arrange for

someone to call at your house, he said to his friend.7. The house you live in is my property, the man said.8. Our son treats us very badly, and always causes trouble, the

parents said.

19


20/74

9. Whatever happens, well always be here to give help, Marysfriends said.

10. Ive never failed in an examination, he said.11. If you dont stop bothering me, Ill call the police, he said to his

neighbour.12. Im self-employed, what are my chances of getting a

mortgage?, he said.Exercise 18. Turn into Indirect Speech, using the reporting verbs at

the head of the exercise:

Conceded explained insisted announced

retorted cried declared remarked stammered

gasped out1. Give us more money! Give it to us now!, he said.2. You have tried hard indeed, he said to George.3. The cumulative costs of the intimidation of thoughtful and

critical men and women is something no society can afford , hesaid.

4. I tired calling earlier, but I couldnt get through, he said.5. Jack has won the first prize, he said.

6. Its entirely your fault, she said.7. Help! Help!, she said.8. I I d didnt m..mean to of-fend you, he said.9. What a lovely garden!, he said.10. Ive just seen a ghost, he said.

Exercise 19. Turn the following sentences into Indirect Speech, with

the reporting verb in the past:

1. How do you know what my name is?2. Where did he come from? I didnt see him until he was right infront of the car.

3. When will it be all right to speak out?4. Do you sometimes read The Economist?5. Once in a while do you go to the movies?6. Why doesnt anybody ask a question?7. Will it still be like that ten years from now?

8. Are there more changes that are already taking place?

20


21/74

9. Would you rather we didnt meet tomorrow and took a whole dayoff next week instead?

10. Is that the way you think it should be?11. How do you take your tea, plain or with lemon?12. Where do you imagine me to be from?13. Do you know that the shops will be closed on Friday?14. Which would you rather have a five-day week or plenty of

holidays?15. Shall I open the champagne now?16. Shall I live to be eighty?

Exercise 20. Turn into Indirect Speech:Manager: Please, take a seat, Miss Brown. Now, I understand that youare employed by Lloyds. How long have you been working for them?Miss Brown: I started there as an undergraduate, with a part-time job.That was seven years ago.Manager And what exactly are you doing?Miss Brown: I am now responsible for the computer programming. AndI also help in the advertising department.Manager: And why do you want to change your job?Miss Brown: Well, just lately I have thought that, having a degree ineconomics and a good knowledge of the latest development incommunication technology, I could do a more difficult job. Its simplythat.Manager: So you dont feel that Lloyds is the place for you, is that it?Miss Brown: It certainly isnt. I wish to put my knowledge to better use.

Manager: Now, Miss Brown, you must know that the successfulcandidate must have the ability to grasp quickly complex economic,financial and political issues. Ability to work under pressure togetherwith strong organizational skills are essential in this job. It also calls forsome press information work in other parts of the world. Therefore, sometravel is required.Miss Brown: I love traveling. Next week Ill go to Spain for a holiday.Actually, Id like to know before I leave whether Ive got the job and for

how long.

21


22/74

Manager: The appointment will be for two years initially, with long-term career possibilities based on performance. But Ill let you know onTuesday. Have I got your telephone number?Miss Brown: Definitely. I wrote it on my letter of application.

Exercise 21. Turn into Direct Speech:

He advised her to hurry up as he didnt want her to risk missingthe train. She agreed and said that unfortunately she had the bad habit ofcutting it fine. Looking at her watch, she was annoyed to find out that itwas a quarter to four. She said the train left in twenty minutes. Hesuggested that they take a taxi. She agreed. He offered to carry her

suitcase for her. She turned down his offer, saying that she could manageherself. When he suggested that they should meet the following Sundayshe agreed. He wanted to know what her name was. She refused to tellhim her name.At the railway station she asked the guard which platform the next Leedstrain started from. The guard answered that half of the trains werentrunning because some of the drivers were on strike.She asked him whether he intended to continue his studies abroad. He

answered that he did and that was going to apply for a students loan. Shewanted to know whether it was a loan for the next term and whose idea ithad been. He said it was and that the idea had come from his brother,who had been working in a bank for some years. He added that he couldrepay the money with a summer job. She wanted to know about thepresent financial situation and whether he was short of money. Heanswered that he wasnt and thanked her just the same.

Exercise 22. Turn the dialogue in the fragment below in Indirect

Speech:

A member of military band came to the surgeon with a long face and aplaintive story about a sore throat.Sore throat?, said the surgeon pleasantly. Let me see. Oh, thats not sobad. A slight irritation, nothing more. Youll be all right in a day or two. Ithink you had better take no risk by using your throat, so Ill recommend

you for two weeks sick leave.

22


23/74

Armed with the surgeons certificate, the young man obtained the twoweeks leave. The two weeks had just come to an end when he met thesurgeon on the parade ground. The surgeon recognized the face andstopped. How is the throat?, he asked pleasantly. It is quite well, theyoung man replied. Thats good, said the surgeon. You can get backto your duty now without fear. By the way, what instrument do youhandle in the band? The small drum, Sir , said the musician.

Exercise 23. Turn the following fragment into Indirect Speech:

The headmaster took longer, but said much the same.Going Sam?

Yes, Sir.Come to me for words of wisdom?Ive seen the others, Sir.Trouble with advice is you might remember it.Sir?Sit down, boy, for a minute and dont fidget. There. Cigarette?ILook at your fingers and come off it. Throw the ash in the basket.

Sudden, inexplicable emotion.Want to thank you for all youve done, Sir. He waved the cigarette.What am I going to say to you? Youll go along way from Rotten Row.That was Father Watts-Watt, Sir.Partly.Suddenly he swung round in the seat and faced me.Sam, I want your help. I want to understand what you are after. Oh, yes,

I know all about the party, itll last you a year or two. But for yourself-you are an artist, a born artist, the Lord knows why or how. Ive neverseen anyone so clearly gifted. Yet, these portraits- arent they importantto you? I suppose so, Sir.But surely, isnt anything important to you?I dont know.Your talent isnt important to you?

No, Sir.

23


24/74

You arent happy?No, Sir.Havent been for some years now?No, Sir.Happiness isnt your business. I tell you that. Leave happiness to theothers, Sammy.Exercise 24. Write the sentences in reported Speech, using the most

suitable reporting verb. Imagine the situations:

1. Im sorry, Joan. It was a rotten thing for me to do.2. It was my fault. I shouldnt have come.3. You pace off about fifty steps along the wall. When youve done

that far, just turn around.4. Do nothing. Forget he even existed. Simply go on as you werebefore.

5. Get out of here! Cant you see I am busy?6. Surely you dont think you can take her word for it!7. For Heavens sake, stop asking such silly questions!8. Do you mean to say that youve lost all your money at the

gambling table?

9. Dont forget to send Mary a letter as soon as you arrive inEgypt.

10. Please, dont give away your secret!11. Please, dont argue with him, for my sake.

24


25/74

PASSIVE VOICE

Exercise 1. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice.

1.They are building a bridge here.2. They didn't inform us.3. She looks after the children very well.4. People must wear ties in this club.5. They make a new film every year in this studio.6. He didn't introduce me to his mother.7. They will meet you at the terminal.8. You may not use dictionaries during the examination.

9. A big truck knocked him down last Monday ,10. They are renovating the castle at the moment.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or

past) of these verbs.

1.The room is chainedevery day.2. I saw an accident yesterday. Two people ... (take) to hospital.3.Paper ... (make) from wood.

4. There was a fire last week. Two of the rooms... . (burn) down.5. "Where did you get this picture?" It... (give) to me by a friend of mine.6.Many American programs.. .(show) on British television.7. "Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?" "No. They .. .(invite) but they didn'tgo".8. "How old is this film?" "It.. .(make) in 1965".9. My car ...(steal) last week but the next day it ...(find) by the police.

Exercise 3. Turn the following from Active Voice into Passive Voice:

1.Hob opens the door.2.Mary helps the teacher.3.The porter takes the luggage to the train.4. Mrs. Priestley welcomes the visitors.5. Susan brings in the coffee.6.I finish my work about five o'clock.

7. Susan washes the dishes.

25


26/74

8.Lucille drives the car.9. Sir Joseph Binks gives Tom a small cheque.10.Mr. Priestley brings some students for tea.11.Hob tells the student about Uncle Tom.12.My friend takes me to the cinema.13.Hob sends some cigarettes to Uncle Albert.14. Her brother and sisters meet Frieda at the station.15.We use your books in our class.16. Hob tells us jokes.

Exercise 4. Put the following into Active voice:

1. The TV will be tested when it's been repaired. (Mr. Jones).2. The doctor should have been called up earlier. (We).3. The children have all been put to bed (She).4. Why weren't you told about this yesterday (the manager).5. The launching of the rocket was delayed by half an hour. (Bad weather).6. The shop wasn't insured against fire. (She).7. Are such cars still being made?

8. The crop will be ruined unless something is done very quickly (We).9. The food couldn't be eaten (No one).10.Closed-circuit television is used in the spot shop-lifters (they).11.Where was this photograph taken? (You).

Exercise 5. Change the active to passive if possible. Some verbs are

intransitive and cannot be changed.

e.g.A strange thing happened yesterday. (no change)He scored the winning goal. - The winning goal was scored by him.

1. My cat died.2. I agree with Dr. Ikeda's theory.

3. Dr. Ikeda developed that theory.

4. Tim dropped the cup.

5. The cup fell to the floor.

26


27/74

6. The assistant manager interviewed me.

7. It rained hard yesterday.

8. A hurricane destroyed the small fishing village.

9. Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.

10. A large vase stands in the corner of our front hallway.

11. The children seemed happy when they went to the zoo.

12. After class, one of the students always erases the chalkboard.

13. The solution to my problem appeared to me in a dream.

Exercise 6. Why is the use of the passive appropriate in the followingsentences? What would be the active equivalents of the passivesentences?

1. My sweater was made in England.2. The new highway will be completed sometime next month.3. Language skills are taught in every school in the country.4. Bach's Symphony was performed at the concert last night.

5. The World Cup games are being televised all over the world.6. This essay was written by Ali. That one was written by Yoke.7. The Washington Monument is visited by many people every day.8. The chief writing material of ancient times was papyrus. It was used inEgypt, Greece, and other Mediterranean lands.9. Parchment, another writing material that was widely used in ancienttimes, was made from the skins of animals such as sheep and goats. After

the hair had been removed, the skins were stretched and rubbed smooth.10. Paper, the main writing material today, was invented by theChinese.

Exercise 7. Change the following active sentences to passive sentences ifpossible. (Some of the verbs are intransitive and cannot be changed.) Keepthe same tense. Include the "by phrase" only if necessary.

e.g.People grow corn in Iowa. -> Corn is grown in Iowa.

Peter came here two months ago. (no change)

27


28/74

1. Someone made this antique table in 1734.

2. An accident happened at the corner of Fifth and Main.

3. Someone stole my purse.

4. Someone was making the coffee when I walked into the kitchen.

5. Translators have translated that book into many languages.

6. Jim's daughter drew that picture. My son drew this picture.

7. The judges will judge the applicants on the basis of their originality.

8.My sister's plane will arrive at 10:35.

9. Is Professor Rivers teaching that course this semester?

10. When did someone invent the radio?

9. The mail carrier had already delivered the mail by the time I left for

school this morning.

11. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?

10.After the concert was over, hundreds of fans mobbed the rock music star

outside the theater.

11. Ever since I arrived here, I have been living in the dormitory because

someone told me that it was cheaper to live there than in an apartment.

12. They are going to build the new hospital next year. They have already

built the new elementary school.

13.If you expose a film to light while you are developing it, you will ruin

the negatives.

Exercise 8. Find the INDIRECT OBJECT in each sentence, and make it thefocus of attention by using it as the subject of a passive sentence. Use the "by

phrase" only if necessary.

e.g. Someone handed Ann a menu at the restaurant.

(indirect object- Ann) ->Ann was handed a menu at the restaurant.

1.Indiana University has awarded Peggy a scholarship.

2. Some company paid Fred three hundred dollars in consulting fees.

28


29/74

3. A local advertising company has offered Maria a good job.

4. They will send you a bill at the end of the month.

5. Someone will give the starving people a week's supply of rice as soon as the

food supplies arrive in the famine-stricken area.

Exercise 9. Use the words in the following list to complete the

sentences. All of the sentences are passive. Use any appropriate

tense.build, cause, confuse, divide, expect, frighten, invent,kill, offer, order, report, spell, surprise, surround, wear

1. The electric light bulb____wasinvented by Thomas Edison.

2. An island __________ water.

3.The -ingform of "sit"___________with a double t.

4.Even though construction costs are high, a new dormitory________next year.

5.The class was too large, so it ____________ into two sections.

6. A bracelet_________________around the wrist.

7. The Johnson's house burned down. According to the inspector, thefire __________ by lightning.

8. Al got a ticket for reckless driving. When he went to traffic court,

he _________ to pay a fine of $100.9.I read about a hunter who_________________by a wild animal.

10. The hunter's fatal accident _____________ in the newspaper

yesterday.

11. I didn't expect Lisa to come to the meeting last night,but she was there. I ______________ to see her there.

12. Last week I _______________a job at a local bank, but I

29


30/74

didn't accept.

13. The children ______________ the middle of the night when theyheard strange noises in the house.

14. Could you try to explain this math problem to me again?Yesterday in class I ______________by the teacher's explanation.

15. A: Is the plane going to be late?

B: No. It _______________ to be on time.

Exercise 10. Use active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for the

verbs in brackets:

1.The Amazon valley is extremely important to the ecology of theearth. Forty percent of the world's oxygen(produce)________there.

2. The game (win, probably)_________________by the other teamtomorrow. They're a lot better than we are.

3. There was a terrible accident on a busy downtown street yesterday.

Dozens of people (see)________it, including my friend, who (interview)_____________ by the police.4. In my country, certain prices (control) ________________by thegovernment, such as the prices of medical supplies. However, otherprices (determine)___________by how much people are willing to payfor a product.5. Yesterday the wind (blow)________my hat off my head. I had to chaseit down the street. I (want, not)________to lose it because it's my favoritehat and it (cost)____________________________a lot.6. Right now Alex is in the hospital. He (treat)________________

for a bad burn on his hand and arm.

7. Yesterday a purse-snatcher(catch) _________________by a dog. Whilethe thief(chase)_______________ by the police, he (jump) ______overa fence into someone's yard, where he encountered a ferocious dog. The

dog (keep) __________the thief from escaping.

30


31/74

8. Frostbite may occur when the skin (expose)________________toextreme cold. It most frequently (affect) _______________ the skin of thecheeks, chin, ears, fingers, nose, and toes.

9. The first fish (appear)________________on the earth about 500million years ago. Up to now, over 20,000 kinds of fish (name)___________and (describe)__________by scientists. New species(discover)__________every year, so the total increases continually.

10. Proper first aid can save a victim's life, especially if the victimis bleeding heavily, has stopped breathing, or(poison)__________.

11.____________________________________________________Thegovernment used to support the school. Today it (support) ________byprivate funds as well as by the tuition the students pay.

12. Richard Anderson is a former astronaut. Several years ago, at age 52,Anderson (inform) ________by his superior at the aircraftcorporation that he could no longer be a test pilot. He (tell)_______

_______that he was being relieved of his duties because of his age.

Claiming age discrimination, he took the corporation to court.

Exercise 11. Complete the sentences with the given words , active or passive.

e.g. James should be told the news as soon as possible . (should + tell)1. Someone_____________ James the news immediately. (should + tell)2. James____________________ the news long time ago. (should + tell)3. Meat ____________________ in a refrigerator or it will spoil. (must+keep)4. You _____________________ in a refrigerator or it will spoil. (must+keep)5. We tried, but the window ___________ . It as painted shut. (couldnt + open)6. I tried, but I ________________the window. (couldnt + open)7. Good news! I ________________________ a job soon. I had an interview yesterdayat an engineering firm yesterday. (may + offer)8. Chris has good news. The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday________________________ a job. (may + offer)

31


32/74

9. I hope Chris accepts our job offer, but I know she is having interviews with severalcompanies. She ______________________ a job by a competing firm before we madeour offer. (may +already + offer)10. A competing firm _______________ Chris a job before we made our offer.(may +already + offer)11. The class for next semester is too large. It__________in half, but there'snot enough money in the budget to hire another teacher. (ought to + divide).12.Last semester's class was too large. It_____in half. (ought to + divide).

13.These books__________to the library by tomorrow.(have to + return)14.Polly ___________these books by next Friday. (have to + return)

15.A: Andy, your chores ___________________by the time I get home,including taking out the garbage. (had better + finish)

B: Don't worry, Mom. I'll do everything you told me to do.

16. A: Andy, you ______________your chores before Mom gets home.

B:I know. I'll do them in a minute. I'm right now (had better+ finish)

17. This application______________to the personnel department soon.

(be supposed to +send)

18. Ann's birthday was on the 5th, and now it's already the 8th. Her birthday

card ______________ a week ago. Maybe we'd better give her a call to wish

her a belated happy birthday. (should+send)

19.A: Ann didn't expect to see her boss at the labor union meeting.

B: She ______________________ when she saw him. (must+ surprise)

A: She was.

Exercise12: Use the verb in brackets with any appropriate modal or similarexpression. All of the sentences are passive. In many sentences, more than onemodal is possible. Use the modal that sounds best to you.

e.g.The entire valley (see) can be seen from their mountain home.

1. He is wearing a gold band on his fourth finger. He (marry)__________.

2. According to our teacher, all of our compositions (write)_______in ink. He

32


33/74


34/74

2. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It (make)________________of cotton.

3. The door to this room (shut) __________________________ .4. Jim is sitting quietly. His elbows (bend) _______________and his

hands (fold) _________________________________in front of him.5.We can leave now because class (finish) ___________________ .

6. The lights in this room (turn) _________________________on.

7. This room (crowd, not)______________________________.

8. We can't go any farther. The car(stick)____________in the mud.

9. . We couldn't go any farther. The car(stick)_________in the mud.

10. My room is very neat right now. The bed (make)____________,

the floor(sweep) _____________, and the dishes (wash)________. 12. Weare ready to sit down and eat dinner. The table (set)_______,

the meat and rice (do) _________________, and the candles (light).

11. Where's my wallet? It (go) ________________! Did you take it?

12. Hmmm. My dress (tear)_________I wonder how that happened.

13. Don't look in the closet. Your birthday present (hide)______there.

Exercise14: Use an appropriate form of the words in the following list

to complete the sentences.

bear (born)* exhaust plug inblock go qualifyconfuse insure schedule

crowd locate spoil divorce lose stick do marry turn off

1. Excuse me, sir. Could you give me some directions? I ______.

2. Let's find another restaurant. This one ______too ________.We

would have to wait at least an hour for a table.

3. The meeting____________________for tomorrow at nine.

34


35/74

4. That's hard work! I_______________I need to rest for a while.

5. You told me one thing and John told me another. I don't know what tothink. I____________________.

6. Louise is probably sleeping. The lights in her room __________. 7.

Mrs. Wentworth's jewelry _____________________for $50,000.

7. I can't open the window. It ____________________________ .

8. Carolyn and Joe were married to each other for five years, but nowthey __________________________________________ .

9.I thought I had left my book on this desk, but it isn't here. It

__________________________ . I wonder where it is.10.I'm sorry. You_________not ______________for the job. We needsomeone with a degree in electrical engineering.

11.I love my wife. I ___________________to a wonderful woman.

12._________________________________We can't eat this fruit. It

________ . We'll have to throw it away.

13.__________________We'd better call a plumber. The water won't godown the drain. The drain _____________________________ .

14.____________________Vietnamin Southeast Asia.

15.A: How old is Jack?

B: He__________________________in 1970.

16. A: The TV set doesn't work.

B: Are you sure?________________it_______________?

17.A: Is dinner ready?

B: Not yet. The potatoes ___not _____.They need another 10 minutes.

Exercise15: Supply the correct form of the verb in parentheses and anappropriate preposition. Use the SIMPLE PRESENT.

e.g. (interest) Carol is interested inancient history.

35


36/74

1. (compose} Water ________________hydrogen and oxygen.

2. (accustom) I _________________living here.

3. (terrify) Our son _______________ dogs.

4. (finish) Pat _______________her composition.5. (oppose) I __________________that suggestion.

6. (cover) It's winter, and the ground __________________ snow.

7. (satisfy) I _______________________ the progress I have made.

8. (marry) Jack ___________________________________ Ruth.

9. (divorce) Elaine __________________________________ Ed.

10. (acquaint) I ____________not _____________that

author's work.

11. (tire) I ______________________ sitting here.

12. (relate) Your name is Mary Smith.

_______you______John Smith?

13. (dedicate) Mrs. Robinson works in an orphanage. She ___________

her work.14. (disappoint) Jim got a bad grade because he didn't study. He

________________________________ himself.

15. (scare) Bobby is not very brave. He ________ his own shadow.

16. (commit) The administration ___________ improving the quality of

education at our school.

17. (devote) Mr. and Mrs. Miller__________________each other.

18. (dress) Walter ___________his best suit for his wedding today.

19. (do) We _________________________________________this exercise.

Exercise 16. Turn into Passive Voice. Mention the agent only

where necessary:

1. When I awoke I saw that they had patched my trousers and

washed my shirt.

36


37/74

2. Someone will buy that chain of food-shops as soon as they put iton the market. (two passives)

3. His family should take the sick man to hospital, as they will lookafter him much better there. (two passives)

4. Hemingway wrote this short story when he was still a rather crudeyoung man.

5. They are rebuilding the bridge which the floods swept away. (twopassives)

6. The more they tell me to lie for them, the more determined I amthat I should tell the truth. ( two passives)

7. One must not shoot the bears in Romanias mountains without a

license.8. They are closing down a lot of factories across the nation.9. One cannot master a language well if one doesnt study its

grammar thoroughly.(two passives)10. Having asked the question, John sat down to listen to the answer.11. Why didnt they fix the roof before it began to leak so badly?12. They showed the students their rooms and gave each of them the

key. (two passives)

13. They are trying a new checking out system, because studentsdont return books to the library. (two passives)

14. My boss hoped he would not offend me if he told me I could dobetter in another field of activity. ( two passives)

15. If somebody returns the stolen goods, the police will put an end tothe investigations. ( two passives)

16. Only the most skilled workers are to operate the new lathes.

17. Never had they confronted amore vicious enemy.Exercise 17. Turn into the Passive Voice. Use the agent only when

necessary:

1. Why didnt they draw a better map of the district?2. Who wrote the libretto for this new opera?3. When will the authorities consecrate the new National Theatre in

Dej?

37


38/74

4. How many people have visited the Victoria and Albert Museumthis spring?

5. Where did the hoodlums take your cousin Rachel when theykidnapped her? (two passives)

6. Why cant John have done it?7. What can one do to prevent such a disaster from happening?8. Which rifle will he use to shoot elephant with?9. Whom did you say they elected Chairman of the meeting?10. What name will they give the baby, if it is a girl?

Exercise 18. Turn into the Passive Voice, paying attention to the

verb+preposition ( particle) combination:1. Some Hollywood stars dont like people to stare at them in public

places.2. The Albanian authorities decreed that people must hand in all

weapons.3. Such desperate situations bring out the worst in me.4. The Commander-in-Chief has announced that he is sending in

reinforcements.

5. They were pulling out some German regiments from theStalingrad front.

6. Im sure nobody has slept in this room for years.7. Scholars often quote these lines of poetry.8. They agreed upon a plan of action.9. His parents have brought up John very badly.10. If you do that, they will merely mock at you.

11. They have taken down all the old masters from the walls of themuseum.12. Nobody spoke to him the whole evening.13. Although it is a good idea, we cannot really carry it out.

Exercise 19. Turn the following into the Active Voice. Mention

the doer when necessary:

1. A more careful reading of this essay is recommended.

38


39/74

2. The inscriptions were made by unidentified authors, in the tenthcentury A.D.

3. I was suddenly struck by a detail I had not noticed before.4. The children are very well looked after in that kindergarten.5. The Danube was swum across in the wee hours of the morning

and the maneuver was not observed.6. Leningrad was being shelled by the Wehrmacht from a distance

of several miles.7. The photo must be blown up to twice its present size if you want

to recognize the face.8. I hear he hasnt been left too much money upon his

grandmothers death.9. Money is wrongly assumed to bring happiness.10. Tickets ought to have been booked several days in advance.11. Nothing in your room has been moved since you were taken

away.12. Do you mind being asked some questions?13. I was left speechless to hear you have been robbed.14. I was greatly amused to see that she had been taken in by his ruse.

15. The door must be kept shut.16. Each student will be given a small book allowance.

Exercise 20. Put the verbs in the correct tense of the passive voice:

1. Four people (to report) (to injure) in an explosion at a factory inNottingham early this morning.

2. There was somebody behind them. I thought they (to follow)

3. A new school (to build) in this area. Work (to begin)last year, andthe school ( to expect) to open next autumn.4. You should make sure you (to give) the right change before

leaving the supermarket, as mistakes cannot ( to correct)afterwards.

5. Central heating just ( to install) in Aunt Alices old house.6. Ecotourism (to seek after) very mush today. Some of the land in

Disney World (to set aside) as an underdeveloped nature reserve,

where many Florida bird species can (to observe).

39


40/74

7. They said the guests he was expecting (to give) VIP treatment, asthey (to recommend) by the State Governor.

8. The Spartans are said (to betray) by one of their own during thebattle of Thermopilae.

9. Never before then such a tremendous power (to display) by athunderstorm.

10. The space ship (to man) by three astronauts, who (to select) froma great number of volunteers and (to train) adequately.

11. I realized that the wretched man (to drive) into a corner where he(to rough up) by the three thugs, who wanted his money.

12. I wont go to school any longer, I (to feed up) with (to bully) by

the older boys.13. His critical analysis of your work (to mean) (to take) as friendlyindication of the way (to follow) henceforth.

Exercise 21. Provide the correct Passive Voice form of the verbs in

brackets:

Based on Pohls grandiose estimates, I.G. Farben (to persuade) toconstruct the worlds largest synthetic-fuel plant at Auschwitz, as well as

the enormous Bunawerk, which (to design) to produce ersatz rubber outof coal. The inmates (to rent) out on a daily basis at a considerable profitto the SS. In a country whose major shortage was labor, an unlimitedsupply of workers (to place) at Pohls disposal, and the Reichsfuhrersdream was that all German industry might one day (to consolidate) underthe control of the SS. Unfortunately, reality fell far short of these dreams.The rank and file of the SS had no experience in keeping Jews alive, and

little enthusiasm for the task. Neither the camp nor the system (to design)to provide a healthy work force, and their customers complainedconstantly of the low quality of the goods that (to supply) to them.

Exercise 22. Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice:

1. John has only used the apparatus once since the day he had itrepaired.

2. As nobody needed the car, they finally had to give it away.

40


41/74

3. At the party people took no notice of the famous politician, butthey made a fuss about his beautiful sister from the momentsomeone introduced her to the guests.

4. The surgeon had to operate on him as soon as they took him tothe hospital.

5. The announcement that Mr. Smith had taken over the companytook all the employees by surprise.

6. The committee accepted the proposal on principles, but theyasked for further details before they made a final decision.

7. Hed like somebody to talk to him in French. No one has evertaken him for a Frenchman so far.

8. You must take away the glasses and put them in the cupboardwhere you usually keep them.

Exercise 23. Turn the following sentences into Passive Voice

mentioning the agent where necessary:

1. Even if the employer makes a better offer, inflation will wipe itout.

2. The heavy traffic is shaking the foundations of modern cities. The

fumes are eating away the bricks and mortar.3. Youve made some mistakes in your translation. Somebody must

check it up for you.4. She arranged for the children to be vaccinated.5. Tell somebody to send the book to you by post because otherwise

it may get lost.6. Im going to tell someone to add an extra table for the coming

guests.7. If you want to play the piano, someone will have to tune it foryou.

8. Peter is very smart. Somebody sends him hi suits from Paris.9. Your season ticket needs renewing.10. The repairs we had to do have really used up our savings.11. They happened to find the missing necklace while looking for the

stolen watch.

12. They took advantage of the chance of going to India.

41


42/74

13. Unfortunately the new factory will produce a lot of smoke andfilth.

14. He didnt want anyone to recognize him, so he went to party indisguise. This reminds me of a story someone once told me.

15. His parents gave him a large sum of money to be invested in thebusiness.

16. The committee chose a candidate who had acquired his skillstrough working and training.

17. An arrow struck the Indian in his left shoulder.18. The German planes were bombarding the whole area.19. A foreign travel agency has chattered the plane they are going to

travel in.20. They told me that I had to notify the authorities about the fact thatthose people hadnt paid for the announcements.

21. They have reserved the hotel he will stay at and even ordered thefood he will eat.

Exercise 24. Turn into Passive Voice:

The roles of the sexes have now begun to approach equality. However,

women still receive the deference of the male: men allow them to passtrough the doors first, sit them first at the table, and serve them first.Women direct much of the civic activity through the organizations andcommittees they serve. Overseas observers think they dominate society.But women do not yet hold any sizeable number of top jobs in industry,government or education. Men get practically all the best jobs and whenthey work outside the home their husbands still expect them to do the

housework.Exercise 25. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive:1. Mr. Jones hates people keeping him waiting. Neither does he like

his friends telling him what to do.2. People put down the childs impertinence to his parents having

spoilt him.3. Should somebody prove that an accident caused the fire, the

police will release the man they are at present holding on

suspicions of arson.

42


43/74

4. He dislikes his friends considering him a coward.5. They blew up Peters role in their account of the battle.6. Had they told me that someone was to bring the problem ate the

meeting, I should have acted differently.7. Not until later did he discover that someone had stolen the most

beautiful peace of his collection.

43


44/74

THE PASSIVE WITHGET

*Some of the common adjectives that followgetare: angry, anxious,bald, better, big, busy, chilly, cold, dark, dizzy, empty, fat, full, good,heavy, hot, hungry, late, light, mad, nervous, old, rich, sick, sleepy, tall,thirsty, warm, well, wet, worse.

Exercise 26: Use any appropriate tense ofget and an adjective from thefollowing list to complete the sentences.

better hot nervous

busy hungry sleepydark late well full light wet

e.g. What time are we going to eat? I am getting hungry .

1. . A: I _____________________________________________ .B: Why don't you take a nap? A couple of hours of sleep will do yougood.

2.A: What time is it?B: Almost ten.

A: I'd better leave soon. It _____________I have to be at the airport by

eleven.

3.I didn't have an umbrella, so I ___________________while I was

waiting for the bus yesterday.4. Let's turn on the air conditioner. It ___________________in here.

5. Every time I have to give a speech, I ______________________ .

6. Would you mind turning on the light? It ______________in here.7. A: It's a long drive from Rome to here. I'm glad you finally arrived.

What time did you leave this morning?

B: At sunrise. We left as soon as it _________________ outside.

44


45/74

8. A: Won't you have another helping?

B: All of the food is delicious, but I really can't eat much more. I____________________________________________.

9. Maria's English is improving. It _________________________.

10. Shake a leg! We don't have all day to finish this work! Get moving!Let's step on it!_________________and finish your work. There's notime to waste.

11.My friend was sick, so I sent him a card. It said, "_______soon."

Exercise 27: Complete the sentences by using an appropriate form of

getand the given verbs.e.g.1. (tired) I think I'll stop working. I am getting tired .

2. (hurt) There was an accident, but nobody __________________.

3. (lose) We didn't have a map, so we_______________________.4. (dress) We can leave as soon as you_______________________.

5. (marry) When ________you ___________________________?

6. (accustom)How long did it take you to___________to living here?

7.(worry) Sam was supposed to be home an hour ago, but he still

isn't here. I ________________________________________.

8. (upset) Just try to take it easy. Don't ___________________.

9. (confuse) I____________because everybody gave me different advice.

10. (do) We can leave as soon as I________________with this work.

11. (depress) Chris ___________________________when she lost her

job, so I tried to cheer her up.

12. (invite)______________you_____________________to the party?

13. (bore) I______________, so I didn't stay for the end of the movie.

14. (pack) I'll be ready to leave as soon as I_______________.

15. (pay) I ____________________________on Fridays. I'll give you

45


46/74

the money I owe you next Friday. Okay?

16. (hire)After Ed graduated, he___________by an engineering firm.

17. (fire) But later he ______________because he didn't do his work.

18. (finish, not) Last night I _________________________________with my homework until after midnight.

19. (disgust) I________________and left because the things they were

saying at the meeting were ridiculous.

20. (engage) First, they_________________(marry) Then-, they_________________

(divorce) Later, they_________________(remarry) Finally, they _______________

Today they are very happy.

Exercise 28: Use active or passive, in any appropriate tense, for theverbs in parentheses.

e.g.1. It's noon. The mail should be here soon. It (deliver, usually)____________________, sometime between noon and one o'clock.

2. Only five of us (work)___________________________in the laboratory

yesterday when the explosion (occur)_______________ ._

Luckily, no one (hurt) ___________________________________ .

3. I was supposed to take a test yesterday, but I (admit, not)__________________________ into the testing room because theexamination (begin, already) _______________________________ .4. According to a recent survey, out of every dollar an American spendson food, thirty-six cents (spend)__________________________atrestaurants.5. I'm sorry I'm late. I (hold up)__________________by the rush

hour traffic. It (take)__________________thirty minutes for me to

46


47/74

get here instead of fifteen.

6. Before she graduated last May, Susan (offer, already)_________________________________a position with a law firm.

7. According to many scientists, solar energy (use)____________________extensively in the twenty-first century.

8. I (study) ______________________ English here for the last twomonths. My English (get)____________________ better, but I stillfind it difficult to understand lectures.

9. Right now a student trip to the planetarium (organize) _____________

by Mrs. Hunt. You can sign up for it at her office.10.He is a man whose name will go down in history. He (forget, never)______________________________________________ .

11.______________________________________________When you(arrive)______at the airport tomorrow, you (meet)_________by a friendof mine. He (wear)_______a red shirt and blue jeans. He (be) _____fairlytall and (have) _______dark hair. He (stand) __________near the main

entrance. I'm sure you will be able to find him.12.A: Yesterday (be)_______________a terrible day.

B: What (happen)_______________?A: First, I (flunk)________________ a test, or at least I think Idid. Then I (drop)_________________my books while I (walk)

__________________across campus and they (fall) __________ into amud puddle. And finally, my bicycle (steal) _____________ .

47


48/74

GERUND ,INFINITIVE, PARTICIPLES

Exercise 1. Paying attention to which verbs can be followed by an

Infinitive and which can be followed by a Gerund, for each sentence, fill

in the blank with the Infinitive or Gerund of the verb shown in brackets.

e.g. Please stop ____________ that! (to do).

Please stop doing that!

He has decided ____________a holiday. (to take)

He has decided to take a holiday.

1. Has he finished ____________ the report? (to read)2.We plan _____________ the concert. (to attend)3.They will discuss _________ a club. (to organize)4.She offered ______________ the letter. (to write)5.They asked _______________ us. (to accompany)6.You should practice _______________ the speech. (to give)7.1 would suggest _____________ the work by next week. (to finish)8.He has not dared __________________ you. (to contradict)9.They delayed ___________ us. (to call)10. She deserves __________________ .(to succeed)11._____________We forgot ______________ the letter. (to mail)12. He enjoys ____________ .(to ski)13.____________________They would not risk ________________ thebus. (to miss)14. Do you want ________________ the book? (to borrow)

15.__________________I don't mind ___________________ . (to wait)16._______________________Her daughter is learning _____________ abicycle. (to ride)17. It has stopped ___________________(to snow)18.He is preparing __________ a business. (to open)19.They hesitated _________________ the invitation. (to accept)20. I miss __________________ from them. (to hear)

48


49/74

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions : after, before, by, on,

without.

1. What did she mean boasting like this?2. His knowledge has improved taking a training course.3. He could tell the funniest story smiling.4. entering the house she rushed to the telephone greetinganybody.5. You can keep healthy and fit jogging in the morning.6. Where did he go finishing his work?

7. writing an article about the events he must go to the place wherethey are taking place.8. hearing a woman's cry he jumped up from his seat.9. going through the customs office he went aboard the plane.10. She was upset not getting an answer from him.

Exercise 3. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs wherenecessary.

I. The policeman accused him exceeding the speed limit.2. She has been dreaming .... flying to the Bahamas. 3. The rainprevented him going to the country. 4. They have decided buying a new car. 5. He succeeded . being promoted. 6. Ifeel staying at home. It is rather cold. Let's watch a film on TVinstead going to the picnic. 7. She is fed staying in the village.

8. He went to the disco despite having a headache. 9. She is looking paying the leading part in the performance. 10. I think it's no use trying toget him home. I1.Everybody congratulated her passing the exam so well.12. He is not very good taking decisions quickly. 13. They don'tapprove her getting married to James. 14. The police suspect him drug smuggling. 15. We have difficulty installing the new equipment.

49


50/74

Exercise 4. Open the brackets with eithergerunds or infinitives. Use

prepositions or adverbs where necessary.

1. There is no point (worry) about these things. 2. Do you want me (order) along-distance call? 3. Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) thetruth. 4. I've seen him (leave) the office early this afternoon. He seemed (be)unhappy about something. 5. She didn't succeed (be) economical. 6. Wouldyou mind (look up) his telephone number? 7. I'm looking forward (make) anappointment with this businessman. 8. It was a lovely day, so I suggested (go)to the country. 9. Would you mind (close) the window? I hate (sit) in adraught. !0. It's worth (arrange) the things properly. 11. I'd like you

(arrange) everything by the time I come back. 12. It's very difficult (deal)with him because he got used (do) everything in his own way. 13. The teacherwas very strict. Nobody dared (speak) to each other. 14. They don't havemuch money. They can't afford (go) out very often. 15. It is no use (have) acar if you dont know how (drive).

Exercise 5. Choose the right variant with the following verbs.

A. remember

1. Remember (to look/looking) ahead when driving.2. When you go on that mission please remember (to point out/pointing out) to people there that our stand on this issue remainsthe same. I won't fail to do that.3. Do you remember (to meet/meeting) them last summer?4. Remember (to phone/phoning) as soon as arrive. 5. The policeman asked me if I clearly remembered (to lock/ locking) the door

before I went to bed. 6. I remember (to pay/paying) him. I gavehim two pounds. 7. Did you remember (to give/giving) him the keyto the safe?-No, I didn't. I'll go and do it now. 8.1 don't remember ever (tosee/seeing) you. 9. She does not remember (to ask/asking) this question. 10. We remember (to stay/ staying) a weekend with her. She is a nice woman. 11. When you are on holidayremember (to send/sending) postcards to a few close friends.

50


51/74


52/74

E. stop

1. If you stop (to do/doing) something, you finish an action. 2. If you stop(to do/doing) something, you interrupt one action in order to do somethingelse. 3. We stopped (to buy/buying) food in the store because the ownerraised the prices. 4. We stopped (to buy/ buying) food in the store becausewe were hungry. 5. Do stop (to make/making) this awful noise! 6. We'veonly stopped (to buy/ buying) some petrol. 7. They stopped (to produce/producing) refrigerators because of their workers' strike. 8. He suddenlyslopped (to speak/speaking), got up and left without saying anything.

F. be afraid to/be afraid of

1. I'm afraid (to take/taking) an exam because I'm afraid (to fail/ failing)it. 2. He was afraid (to leave/ leaving) the house because he was afraid (tomeet/meeting) someone who might recognize him. 3. He was afraid (tosay/saying) a word because he did not know anybody. 4. I am afraid (togo/going) by plane. 5. He was afraid (to tell/telling) her the sad news. 6.My sister is such a coward! She can't see horror films because she isafraid (to meet/ meeting) a ghost at night. 7. He was afraid (to make/making) the next step-because he was afraid (to fall/failing) because he

was standing on the brink of the precipice.

G. can't help

1. It is silly of me, but I can't help (to feel/feeling) anxious. 2. I can't help (tolaugh/laughing) at his jokes. 3. They can't help him (to do/doing) theexercise. 4. She could not help (to be attracted/ being attracted) by the factthat she was being looked at. 5. He couldn't help his son (to solve/solving) the

problem. 6. She couldn't help (to phone/phoning) her mother when she heardthe news.

Exercise 6. Choose the right variant with the following verbs.

Open the brackets with either Gerunds or Infinitives.

1.I don't remember (switch off) the TV set. I'd better (go) and (check)

it. 2. The weather is very nice. Let's (go) for a swim. -1 am not

52


53/74

particularly good at (swim). What about (go) for a drive instead of(bathing)? 3. We stopped once (buy) some food, and then we stoppedagain (ask) the way. 4. Do you feel like (dine) out or would you rather(have) dinner at home? I'd like (go) out. I always enjoy (have) dinnerat a restaurant. 5.1 don't mind (travel) by bus but I hate (stand) if thereare a lot of people. I think it's better (go) by tube. 6. Would you like(come) to the conference devoted to the theatre? - No, thanks. I like(see) performances but I don't enjoy (listen) to people talking about it.7.1'mdelighted (hear) that you can come for the weekend. We are alllooking forward to (see) you. 8. The autumn is wonderful! You gotused to (swim) in September, so remember (bring) your bathing suit. 9. I

remember (lend) that book to you. You wanted (write) a report. -Oh,I'm so sorry! I'll bring it back tonight. 10. When would you like (startoff)? - In a few moments. - Let's (wait) till it stops (snow) otherwisewe may get lost. 11. Do you remember (meet) her at my birthdayparty? - Yes, certainly. Thank you for the chance (meet) such abeautiful and witty girl. 12. The results are very disappointing, I regret(say). I allow you (to rewrite) the test. But I allow (rewrite) on conditioneveryone is present. 13. You know I meant (buy) something for supper

but the shop was closed. It means (have) sandwiches and tea for supper.

Exercise 7. Use the Infinitive or the Gerund of the verbs in brackets:

1. We don't wish (to reveal) our plans to you yet. 2. Has she finished (toread) the article yet? 3. Would you mind (to open) that window? 4. Ourfriend plans (to spend) a few weeks abroad. 5. When Alice was little, sheenjoyed (to watch) cartoons. 6. They demanded (to see) our report

immediately. 7. We avoided (to mention) his name that evening. 8. Shehopes (to visit) Paris soon. 9. The boy admitted (to know) the name ofthat man. 10. His aunt always tends (to exaggerate) things. 11. Did Albertforget (to tell) youthe news? 12. You seem (to understand) me now. 13.He doesn't advise (to go) there today. 14. They would appreciate (toreceive) our reply this week. 15. The boys wanted (to explain) to us whathad happened. 16. They didn't expect (to meet) us there. 17. She denied(to live) in that house. 18. Did they offer (to help) you? 19. You should

53


54/74

postpone (to visit) your friend. 20. We can't stand (to hear) this man'scomplaints again.

Exercise 8. Supply the correct preposition in the blank space in each

sentence. Use the Gerund of the verb in brackets after this

preposition.

1. I can't forgive him ... (to make} such a remark. 2. The heavy rainprevented us ... (to leave) the house that afternoon. 3. I never succeed ...(to understand) him. 4. Were they accustomed ... (to hear) that noiseevery day? 5. George is a very smart pupil; he has just found out a new

method ... (to solve) this problem. 6. Your cousins were interested ... (tolearn) as many new things as possible about computers. 7. I know thatshe has made a lot of money ... (to invest) in aeronautics. 8. There was noexcuse ... (not to be) present at that meeting. 9. They insisted ... (to go)there at once. 10. Mary relies ... (to get) assistance from her brother. 11.My aunt is always worrying ... (to catch) imaginary diseases. 12. I wastired ... (to listen) to his story for the third time. 13. They were notparticularly fond ... (to go) on such a trip. 14. My sister was proud ... ( to

be) the first to solve such a difficult problem. 15. Will our friend besuccessful ... (to get) the loan from the bank? 16. I was afraid ... (to tell)her this terrible news. 17. She was sorry ... (to leave) so early. 18.Mother doesn't approve ... (to stay) up late at night. 19. We'll have to paythis man ... (to take) care of our dog. 20. I object ... (to go) there in suchbad weather. 21. Instead ... (to study) for the exam, Rebecca went for awalk with her friends. 22. The girl was very excited ... (to visit) her

grandparents. 23. Why is she thinking ... (to change) her job? 24. Whenmy sister was a child, she was far ... (to imagine) that she would becomea great architect. 25. The police did not have any difficulty ... (to find) thecriminal. 26. We can't understand why the government are not infavour ... (to lower) the age at which people can vote. 27. He risked hislife ... (to dive) into the water to save that child. 28. She realized then thatshe could make progress ... (to work) hard. 29. Why doesn't she try herhand ... (to write) longer poems? 30. The policy of any government

should aim ... (to raise) the living standard of all classes.

54


55/74

Exercise 9. For each of the following sentences, write another one,

similar in meaning, using the verbs in brackets:

1. Despite my obvious lack of interest, my colleagues urged me totake part in the debates. (insist)

2. You should focus your attention on finding a solution to thisproblem. (concentrate)

3. The solicitor didnt

Grammar Exercises for Advanced Students

Documents

Transcript of Grammar Exercises for Advanced Students