Grammar Booster

7/24/2019 Grammar Booster

1/19

.=

=

I

in

Sao

paulo,

Brazil

all

my

life.

Howev

er,I

to

a

lot

of

other

places

too.

I

Vienna,

and

Prague.

It

=__=__=__-

a

wonderful

trip.

I

Europe

again

in

2000

and

2003.

On

that

trip,I

the

Eiffel

Tower

in

paris,

sightseeing

in

London,

and

.-----------.----..-----.--

a

bullfight

in

Madrid.

Of

course,I

,

aI

over

Latin America

too'

rn

2004,I

the

United

states and

canada

for

the

first

time.

I

to

Asia,

but

I'd

really

like

to

go.

TF'u*

pn*s**t

p*rfe*;

*rcf*r*e*i*s"c

que*stF**:s

wFefu

EHfuae

Gtr

F-f&E6fu a:.rd

a s:esasffi

use

what

or

which

and

the

present

perfect

to

ask

for

information

about

an

indefinite

time

in

the

past.

Wlee

(0R

,ffE:i*fu)

languages

fuav*

you

*tE:died?

$-d**t (0R

i,FhF*:fu)

countries

5:aql*

ybu

vieited?

ie.fh*{ (0R

EJIIF*to)

dishes

h*rye

you

triee*e

Use

the

topics

to

write

questions

with

what

or

which

in

the present

perfect.

Then

write

answers

to

the questions

ln your

own

way.

t.

(big

cities)

Answer:

2.

(new

songs)

Answer:

3.

(restaurants)

Answer;

a.

(airlines)

Answer:

5. (movies)

GRAMMAR

BOOSTER

?1=

Sr*ne+tlmr

#*esfer

Fs

r*

g.rtE*e-r*

i.

UNIT

'l

Lesson

l

O

complete

the

sentences

with

the

present

perfect

or

the

simpre

past

tense.

i

{{

preavd**

r--ercre

expica:et *r*

**d

Br*etice,

a*

wcr5

as

additEes:*i

grarnrn**r

c*ne*pcs.

.

:

Answer:
http://www.zabansite.com/


2/19

:i :::::.:

i

1

ll+1rFii.,,

UNIT

7

Lesson

2

Th*

pr**ent

perf**t:

r:se artd

placerc:*mt

#f

HCg

*xd

**re.gg{_g

Use

yel

in

present

perfect

questions

and negative

statements.

Put

ye

at the

end of the

sentence.

Use

alreadv

in

present

perfect

questions

and

affirmative

statements,

Put

alreadv

before

the main

verb

or

at the end of

the

sentence.

questions

Have

you

air*ady

read

the

book?

0R

Have

you

read

the

book

already?

BE

CAREFUL

Don't

use

yq[

in

present perfect

alfirmative

statements.

D0N'T

SAY Yes,

l've

read

the

book

fi.

Don't

use

alreadv

in

present

perlect

negative

statements.

D0N'T

SAY No, I haven't

a*eady

read

the

book.

questions

Have

you

read

the

book

ge??

negative

statements

I haven't

read

the

book

yer.

aff

irmative

statements

l've

elre*dy

read the

book.

0R l've

read

the

book

already.

Q

n"*rite

each

statement

or

question

with

already or

yet.

(yet)

Has

she finished

the

book?

'

(yet)

They

haven't

seen

the movie.

i;':

r' .'t::

.

|

:

.:-::,:

tt:1t,,1

t,1:i,.i

I

(already)

We've

tried

wild

rice

several times.

(already)

Has

your father

left

:i':

Q

newrlte

each sentence

with

already

or

yet.

1. I haven't

had

dinner.

She's been

to London, Berlin,

and

Rome.

They haven't

called home.

We've finished

our

class.

The

pnes**t perf*ct:

evgt

ftsv-eg,,

*nd

b*fs-qq:

Use

ever

in

questions.

Do

not

use

ever

in affirmative

statements.

Have

you

cvsr

made

sushi?

Yes, I have.

0R Yes,

l've

made it.

(N0T

Yes,

l've

ever

made it.)

Use

never in negative

short

answers

and

statements.

Have

you

ever made

sushi?

No, I

*ever

have.

0R

No,

l've ffies*r

made

sushi.

You

can

use before

with

or without

ever

and never

in

present

perfect

sentences

and

questions.

l've

been

to

South

Africa

foefer*.

l've

n*ssr tried

ceviche

h*fcrs.

Have

you

*sen

made

chocolate

cake

hefor*?

ln

very informal

speech,

ever

is sometimes

used

to

strongly

emphasize

never.

The

meaning

of

ever is

similar

to

"in

my

whole life."

l've

never

flver

made

sushi

1.

2.

3.

4.

2,

3.

4.


3/19

O

Complete

each

statement

w:th the

present

perfect continuous.

at

the Park

Lane

Classic

Cinema

since

April.

O

Read

the

sentences.

Check

if the

sentence

describes

an unfinished

(continuous)

action.

v

Then

rewrite

those

sentences

in the

present

perfect

continuous.

I

t.

The Grants

have

hved

in

Buenos

Aires

since

the late

seventies.

L_]

z.

Their

friends

have

already.'visited

them.

I

s.

We

have

waited to

see

you for

three years

I

+.

This is

the

first

time

I've

visited

Paris.

I

s. We

have

eaten

in

that

great

Indian

restaurant

for years'

I

o.

Has she

ever

met

Your

teacher?

I

z.

How

long

have

you

studied

Chinese?

tr

a.

My children

have

just

come

back

from

the

movies'

in

the ticket

holders'line

for

a

pretty

long

time.

violence

in movies

since

the sixties'

that

movie

with

everyone

for weeks.

to

this

movie

theater

for

two

years.

I

Answer

the

questions, using

real

information.

lf the answer

is

yes,

write

when

this

happened.

1.

Have

you

ever

gone

on

a

cruise?

2. Have

you

ever

tried

Indian

food?

3.

Have you

ever

been

to

Hawaii?

4. Have

you ever

met

a

famous

Person?

5.

Have

you

ever

gone

scuba

diving?

UNIT

2

Lesson

1

?fu*

prr**e;tt

6*er$*ct

a*d

gfu*

Fc'*ee*e

p*+'*e

c*g3Eq?ae*"#s:

"*nlgtieh*d

e*t**ms

Unfinished

actions

are

those

that

began

in the

past,

continue

in

the

present,

and

may

continue

into

the

future.

Here

are

three

ways

to

talk

about

unfinished

(or

continuous)

actions:

1. the

present

perfect with

since:

use since

with

a stated

start

time

in

the

past.

l,ve lived here

*i***

2001.

(2001 is the stated

starltime.

lstill

live

here.)

2. the

present

perfect

with

for:

Use

for

to

describe

the

period

of

time

from

its

start

until

the

present.

l've

lived

here

*r

five

years.

(Emphasis

is

on

the

five-year

period.

I

still

live

here.)

3.

the

present

pedect

continuous

with

{or and

since:

Form

the

present

perfect

continuous

with

the

present

perfect

of be

and

a

present

pariiciple'

l,ve

h*at:

levi*6

here since

2001

.

0R

I'v*

h*e.t

lieing;

here

for

five

years.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Seabiscuit

Robert

People

We

t;

G3

]
http://www.zabansite.com/http://www.zabansite.com/


4/19

Spel16ng

rsiEes

f*r t*re

prcs*n

partEeipF*

Add

-ing

to the

base

form

of

the

verb.

speak

speaki*g

lf the

base

form

ends

in

a

silent

-e,

drop

the

-e

and

add

-ing'

havirlg

ln verbs of one syllable,

if

the

last

three letters

are

a

consonant-vowel-consonant

(C-V-C)

seties'

double

the

last

consonant

and

then

add

-ing.

GVC

sit

sitting

BE

CAREFUL

Don't

double

the

last

consonant

in

words

that end

in

-w,

-x,

or

1'

flow

+

flowiltg

fix

pay

fixE*g

pay$ttg

ln

verbs of

more

than one

syllable

that

end

in a

consonant-vowel-consonant

series,

double

the

last

consonant

only

it

the stress

is on

the

last syllable'

controlEing

BUT

order

+

ordering

g

Write

the

present

participle for

the

following

base

forms'

*

control

+

1.

find

2. be

put

s.

get

6

q2\r

':

7.

write

8.

go---=--

9.

make

10. fix

tl. know

speak

hear

'

let

=.-

15. come

16. leave

17. drive

18. meet

19. blow

20.

give

21.

run

22.

forget

23. eat

24.

pav

25. stand

26.

think

27.

buv

28.

see

29.

begin

go.

tell

31.

bring

32. take

12.

13.

14.


5/19

ffegre**

*f oblig*ti*n

*':ave

te

I

murt

Use have to

(0R

have

got

to) 0r

must*

to express obligation.

These

modals

suggest there is

no

other

choice

of

action

available.

Students

ffiu$t

take this exam to

graduate.

lf

you

want

to arrive before 8:00,

you

hav*

{*

(0R

h*ve

S*t

t*)

take

the 6:00 train.

had

better

Use

had

better

to mean there is

a

consequence for not doing

something.

You'd

hetter

make

a reservation. The hotel is very

popular.

be s**ppo*ed

to

Use be

supposed

to to mean that other

people

expect

you

to take

this action.

We'r*

sirpp**ed ?o

check out by twelve,

but

I

think

we can

get

a

late

checkout if we ask.

sl'lesld

I

*ught

tet

Use should or ought to to state

an

opinion

or

give

advice.

You

shsuld

(0R

cerght

t*)

stay at

the

Milton

Hotel.

lt's

close

to

town

and very

good,

coriFd

Use

could to suggest an alternative action.

They

e**Ed

stay at

the

Festival Hotel

if there are no rooms

at

the

Milton.

BE CAREFUL

In the

negative, must

not

(0R

mustn't) expresses

a

prohibition.

You

n:uat

s'ret

smoke here.

=

Don't

smoke

here.

However,

don't have to expresses a lack

of obligation.

You

e*sfi't

hav* tm

show

your passport

to

cash a

check.

*

Must is very

formal

and

is likely to

be

used

by a

person

in authority

(a

teacher to students, for

example). Have

got

to is

often

used

in

spoken English

with

the same meaning

as

have

to.

f

Ought

to

has

the

same

meaning

as should, but is

slightly

less

formal. Don't

use ought to in

questions

or

negative

statements.

UNIT 3

Lesson

2

a.

b.

a.

b.

O

Choose the sentence closer in meaning

to

each

numbered

statement

or

question.

Do

you think the

Milton

Hotel is

a

good place to

stay?

a. Do

you

think I

should stay at the Milton?

b. Do

you

think I have

to stay at ihe

Milton?

If

you don't

have

your

luggage

ticket,

the

bellman

won't

give

you

your

luggage.

You

could give the bellman the

ticket.

You must give the bellman

the ticket.

3.

They don't

accept

credit cards

in

this hotel. They

only accept

cash.

You have to pay with

cash.

You'd better

pay

with cash.

1.


6/19

When

I

made

the reservation,

I

asked for

a

suite.

a. They

mustn't

give

me

a suite.

b. They're supposed to

give me

a

suite.

Don't

wear shorts

in

the

restaurant.

a. You

must not wear

shorts

in

the restaurant.

b.

You

don't

have to wear shorts

in

the restaurant.

UNIT 4

Lesson

7

The

pa*t

e*ni

4,

5.

O

Write

questions

with the

past

continuous.

t.@

B F?

p&SE

#ffiqtner#LE5: LrSs

The

past

continuous

describes an action

that

was continuous

until

(and

possibly

after)

the moment at

which

another action

took

place.

The words

when or

while

are

often used with the

past

continuous.

He

v***

tnSk *:g on

the

phone

when

the

storm began.

While I

was

Eivlng in Chile,

I

got

married.

The

past

continuous also

describes two continuing actions occurring

in

the same

period

of time.

While she

r+*e

drivi*9, her

husband

u*as

r**rli:tg

the newspaper.

They

w*r*

ea*ng,

and

the

music was

pi*yi*rg.

The

past

continuous

is

also used

when we report someone else's

words.

They said,

"We

are arriving

at three o'clock."

+

They

said they

w*re arriving

at three o'clock.

"She

was

taking

a test at school."

z.@

"I

was

talking

to my mother on the phone."

3.@

"Mr.

Kemp

was driving."

o.@

"At

three o'clock?

The teacher was teaching

an

art

class."

s.@

"I'm

not sure.

I think they were cooking."


7/19

UNIT 4 Lesson

2

0incst

*bgee*s

Verbs

are either

transitive or

intransitive. Transitive verbs have

direct objects.

ln English

sentences,

direct object nouns and

pronouns

come

after the

verb,

I love

rny

car.

She

bought

n*vu

iir**.

They

painted

it.

Many

phrasal

verbs are called

"separable"

because the direct object

can

come

before or

after the

particle,

They

dropB*d

cf

their car.

They

drspped

their

car

sf{.

BUT: When

the

direct

object

is

a

pronoun,

it

must come before

the

particle.

They

dr*pp*d

it

*ff.

NOT They

dreppe+off

it.

subiect

object

pronouns

pronouns

.t

I

r*e

you

ycu

he

i:iryt

she

h*r

it

;1

We

llS

theY

theffi

Q

,

Cornplete

the

conversations

with

phrasal

verbs and

object

pronouns.

1.

A:

Can

I

drop

the

car off

early?

B:

Yes,

you

can

before

nine

o'clock.

2.

A:

Don't

forget to

fill

the car up

with

gas and get

oil.

B:

Don't worrv.

I'11

J

after

English

class.

A:

I don't

know which

switch

turns

on

the headlights.

-

with

this switch.

4.

A: How do I turn

the

air-conditioning off?

It's

freezing in

here.

B:

The

air-conditioning?

You

can

with

that switch over

there.

5.

A: I need to pick the car up soon. What time will it be ready?

B:

Let's see.

It'll be ready

at

4:00.

Please

then.

UNIT

5

Lesson 7

Frlen-eou*tt ffisu3?s: eonainerg,

quefttEfi*rs,

and *t$ter medifiers

3.

B:

n*Gm-d&uiltE

Fl$un5: GnEainerg,

quaE'lEBrr*f'sf

&n3

G{fi

er ffl#:fi

ers

REMEMBER:

Count

nouns

name

things

you

can count individually.

They have

singular and

plural

forms.

Non-counl nouns

name

things

you

cannot count individually.

They

don't have

plural

forms.

Containers,

quantifiers,

and other

modiliers

make non-count nouns

countable.

two kii*s cf

rice

tfine* c*p*

*f

coffee

The following is

a

list

of common containers and

quantifiers:

a kilo

a

gram

a

pound

a

gallon

a

liter

a bag

a

carton

a

package

a container

a can

a

bottle

a

jar

a tube

a bar

a

cup

a spoonful

a slice

a

loafn ounce a box


8/19

O

Make

each

of these

non-count

nouns

countable.

Use

quantifiers

or container

words.

The word

too

indicates

a

quantity

that

is excessive-more

than

someone

wants or

needs'

Use

enough

to

say

if something

is

satisfactory'

I

;'t't.|.

.

.

-^,

I

Complete

each

sentence

with too

many,

too

much,

or

enough.

;.t.rt*

1,,,

l.

Let's make

a

nice

dessert.

Do we

have

milk

in the

fridge?

i'i::r,i:,::::'r.:;

:

::''

"'

;l'

:;;

::

z.

This coffee

has

sugar.

It's awful.

3.

It's not

a

good

idea

to

buy

--

fruit.

We're

not

going to

be

home

for

a

few

days'

i :t

z.

This coffee

has

sugar.

lt's

awiul.

;.

,.;.

.

3.

It's not

a

good

idea

to

buy

--

fruit.

We're

not

going to

be

home

for

a

few

days'

i '.t,

a.

This

menu

has

choices.

I

can't

make

up

my mind'

,

n,

r

---- ".'l

5.

Check

the bathroom

shelf

to

see

if we

have

:.j:.t

coming

to

visit.

:

.:......,..:..

I

don't

like

when

there

are

brands.

I

can't

decide

which

one

to

buy.

i,

''.','

There's

no way

to

get

a

haircut

today.

people

had

the same

idea

I don,t

have

:

.

gas

in the car

for

a long

trip.

Could

you

please

get some

when you

go

out?

e.

They don't

want

to spend

money

on

their vacation.

They're

going

camping.

1. rice

5.

shampoo

-l

2.

chocolate

'

'

6. shaving cream

::

":':

:

3.

milk

. mtlk ,. uvvy rurrvrl

,:,.,,,;,.

4. toothpaste

'

;1,t-,':t;,,,:,:,:

;..,:'

;;

-,.,

',

1'.

.,t

fue_ffiatg.

g*s

rt+sgk,

aetd

egaggag&

,i

:

:

.

::,

r"

:

r:

.....

I

::'.:,:r

Use

too manv

(and

not

too

manv)

for count

nouns.

I

.:;:,N

,

too

much

(and

not

too

much)

for non-count

nouns'

I

,

.

There's

t**

mueh

ioothpa*tc

on

the

toothbrush.

I

Use

too much

(and

not

too

much)

for non-count

nouns'

I

,

,..iitr

I

Use

enough

(and

not enough)

for both

count

and

non-count

nouns'

I

,....

I

There's

e*matgBt

efter*p*e,

but

there

aren'i

*tt*ugh

laa*Fs.

I

:

I S0metlllllg

ls

tdtlblduLur

y

I

loo

manv

(and

not

too

manv)

lor count

nouns'

I

There are

t*c

rnany

cr$stsq'Eers

waiting

in line.

I

I

6,

7.

8.


9/19

UNIT 5

Lesson

2

n d *f

i

n ie

p

r*

# s el

s,c s:

g*qrye F*-rn$,

e

q?yth

i n

g,

a ffi d

e

gfua$

Use

somethinq

in alfirmative

statements'

There's

***t*thimg

in this

box.

Use

anvthing

in

negative

statements'

There

i*n't

**?F:irlg in the fridge.

Use

something

or anvthing

in

yes

/

no

questions'

ls

there

su*:et|ri*'cg

we should

talk

about?

ls

ar:yihing

wrong?

Nothing

is the

equivalent

of

not

anvthing.

Don't

use

nothing

in negative

statements'

There

isn't

anYthi*S

in the

fridge.

=

There's

ncihing

in the

fridge.

NOT

There

is+t-notnmg

in the

fridge.

t. I need

to go

to the

store

to

buY

2. There

is

I

can

do

to

helP.

3.

There

isn't

you

can

do to

make yourself

taller'

4.

A skin

doctor

can

tell you

'

about

how to

use sunscfeen.

5.

They

have

that

helps you

lose weight.

6. My

dentist

recommended

to

whiten

my teeth'

7. There's

8.

They

can't

get

to

eat

there after

ten o'clock.

UNIT 6

Lesson

7

F{egaEiv*

Ss

1

**

q**stF*vts:

shcrt

an*Hrers

Answer

negative

yes

i

nq

questions

the same

way

as

you

would

answer

other

yC

/

s

questions.

ls Jane

a

vegetarian?

]

yr.,

she is.

/ No, she

isn,t.

lsn't Jane

a

vegetarian?

)

Do

they

have

two

sons?

]

t

r,

they do.

/

No, they

don,t.

Don't they

have

two sons?

J


10/19,

O

Read

the

information.

Answer

the

negative

question

with

a

short

answer.

t.

(Hank

is

not

a

lawyer.)

A:

Isn't

Hank

a lawyer?

B:

(Bob has

two younger brothers

and an

older

sister.)

A:

Doesn't

Bob

have

two

younger

brothers

and

an

older

sister?

B:

(You

have

never

been

to

Siberia.)

A:

Haven't

you

been

to

Siberia

before?

B:

4.

(You're

learning

Engtish

right

now.)

A:

Aren't

you learning

English

right

now?

B:

_.

5.

(Nancy

didn't

go

to

the

movie

theater

last

night.)

A:

Wasn't

Nancy

at the

movie

theater

last

night?

B:

g{hq

dent

...?

lF4fus_d_#e5d8...?

Make

suggestions

with

Whv

don't

...?

or

Whv

doesn't

...?

2.

3.

A:

It's

cold.

A:

The

play's

at

8;00.

A:

My

daughter

has

a toothache.

1.

"I'm

not

feeling

well."

B:

ffifu9

d**'t

you

prit

on

a sweater?

B:

bEhg

#*n't

we

leave

early?

B:

l#B+y

d***se:'E

she

see

a dentist?

3.

He

hasn't

taken

a

vacation

for

a

long

time.,,

My

teacher

works

very

hard.

He

hasn,t

taken

a

vaca

@

"My

neighbor

can't

open

her

door.

The

key

is

stuck.,,

@

"It's

such

a

beautiful

day.

I

don,t

want

to

stay

indoors.

@

6 f**ma

i;,Basitei:.

:,

6,t 1


11/19

UNIT

6

Lesson

2

#g*S

_te:

$*n*+

In

questions

and

negative

statements,

used

to

becomes

use

to.

When

you

were

a

kid,

*id

you

als*

ec

like

vegetables?

when

I was

a

kid,

I *Fd*+'?

**e

t*

like

vegetables.

I

only

used

to

like

candy.

O

Write

a

yes

/

no

question

for

each

statement.

1.

I

used

to go

rurrning

every

day.

2.

There

used

to be

a

large

tree

in front

of my

house.

3.

Mr.

and

Mrs.

Palmer

used

to

go

dancing

every

weekend.

4.

My

grandmother

used

to

put

sugar

in

our

orange

juice.

O

On

a

separate

sheet

of

paper;

write

each

sentence

with

a

negative

or

affirmative

form

of

used

to.

1.

Jason

and

rrish

/

get

lots

of

exercise,

but

now

they

go

swimming

every

day.

2.

There

/

be

a

movie

theater on

smith

street,

but

now

there isn,t.

3.

Nobody

/

worry

about

fatty

foods,

but

now

most

people

do.

a.

English

/

be an

international

language,

but

now

everyone

uses

English

to

communicate

around

the

world.

5.

Women

f

wear

pants,

but now

it,s

very

common.

5.

Luke

used

to

be

very

heavy.


12/19

UNIT

7

Lesson

7

#sc"#ffi*s end

ic' fEn*tEve*

A

gerund

(an

-ing

form

of a

verb)

functions

as a

noun.

Gerunds

can

be

subjects,

objects,

or subject

complements.

Fai*t[xg

is

my

favorite

leisure-time

activity.

(subtect)

I love

r*ieiix*9.

(direct

object)

I read a

book

about

the

history

of

p*ir:ti;'ig.

(object

of

the

preposition

q[)

My

favorite activity

is

p*ir:9i:':g'

(subject

complement)

An

infinitive

(to

+

the

base

form of

a

verb) also

functions

as

a

noun'

?*

pcittt

well

is a

talent.

(subject)

I love

*

Fain.

(direct

object)

The only

thing

he

likes

is

t*

psix. (subject

complement)

O

Underline

the

gerunds

and

circle

the

infinitives

in the

following

sentences.

I

love

watching DVDs,

and

I

like to

sing too.

Avoiding

sweets

makes

a

healthy

change

in your

diet.

The

most

important

thing

I do

is cooking

dinner

for my children'

What's

the

point

of

inviting

her

to

the

movies?

They're

always

angry

about

our

leaving

the

lights

on

late.

Last year

I devoted

myself

to studying

English.

6*ru:**s

**d

iraEnEtiv**

*ft*r

**r*icr

verfu*

Certain verbs

are

lollowed

by gerunds:

avoid,

can't

help,

can't

stand,

consider,

discuss,

dislike,

enjoy,

teel

like,

finish,

(don't)

mind,

practice,

quit,

suggest.

Certain

verbs

are

followed

by

infinitives:

agree,

be sure,

choose,

decide,

expect,

hope,

learn,

need,

plan, promise,

refuse,

seem,

want,

wish,

would

like.

0ther

verbs

can

be

lollowed

by

either

a

gerund

or an

infinitive:

begin,

continue,

hate, like,

love,

prefer,

start.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.


13/19

g

Complete each sentence

with a

gerund

or an

infinitive.

Let me tell you something

about my husband.

He

enjoys

in

the

park.

He doesn't mind

bad. On the

mornings when

he

doesn't

feel

like

would like

him when he exercises.

I actually

prefer

to bed late, and

T love

midnight.

But now

I

plan

to sleep early, even

though I hate

my daily routine and

early

and

even when the

weather is

he

sleeps

late.

One

day,I

until

that

habit.

From tomorrow on,

T want

that.

We talked about it,

and

I

agreed

one

week.

UNIT

7

Lesson

2

f*g*cEw*

ds

running

with

him for

O

Complete

the

following

paragraph

with

affirmative

and negative

gerunds.

I really want to do something

to improve

my

appearance and

lose weight. First

of

all,

I'm

sick

of

able

to

fit

into my

clothes. I

want

to

go on

a

diet,

but

I'm

afraid

of

hungry

all

the time.

I

can't

complain about

in

shape

because

right

now I

spend every

afternoon

my

bike.

However,I do worry

about

enough

energy to exercise

if

I've had

a

few days

of

enough to

eat.

::

tg*#sxsw*

grajffi#s

A

gerund

can

be

made negative by using a

negative word belore it.

I

like

sint

g*in$

to

bed too

late.

They

complained

about

n*ver h*vE*g enough time.


14/19

Tfit* pessdv*

v*?**s

ierr*r*sBE*ve

v+rhs

lntransitive

verbs

don't

have

objects.

with

intransitive

verbs,

there

is

no

,,receiver,,

of

an

action.

or

that

reason,

intransitive

verbs

are

not

ur.Aln

the

passive

voice.

John

arriss*

tomorrow.

Janet

**ica{i

t0

the

party.

We

Elv+

in

an

apartment.

Some

common

intransitive

verbs:

die

happen

rain

seem stand

come

O

on

a

separate

sheet

of

paper,

rewrite

the

sentences

that

have

transitive

verbs,

changing

them

from

the

active

voice

into

the

passive

uoi.".

1.

Pedro

Almod6var

is

directing

a

new

film

about

women.

2'

A

Canadian

art

co'ector

has

bought

two

of

Michelangelo,s

drawings.

3'

someone

stole

Edvard

Munch's

painting

The

scream

in2004.

+' The

painter

Georgia

o'Keeffe

lived

in

the

southwestern

part

of

the

united

states

for

any

years.

5'

The

van

Gogh

Museum

in

Amsterdam

will

send

sunfrou)ers

on

tout.

6'

The

British

Museum

has

bought

some

new

sculptures

for

its

ancient

Roman

collection.

z'

The

Metropolitan

Museum

of

Art

is

going

to

open

a

new

gallery

next

year.

on

a

separate

sheet

of

paper,

rewrite

these

sentences

in

the

passive

voice.

use

a

by

phrase

nly

if

it

is

important

to

know

who

is

performing

tfre

aciioi.

r

l.

Someone

actually

stole

the

Mona

Lisqin

1911.

2.

Paloma

picasso

designed

these

pieces

of

jewelry.

t

il""T*:,x119j;,:tJvramids

throughout

Central

America

during

the

height

of

the

4.

Someone

will

repair

the

sculpture

when

it

gets

old.

5'

People

have

paid

millions

of

u.s.

dollars

for

van

Gogh,s

paintings.

o.

Hmong

people

from

Laos

made

this

colorful

cloth.

sleep

g0

fall

sit

,

ir:,.t

t.

l


15/19

UNIT 8

Lesson

2

T*:*

pas*iv*

ca*iee:

qe***t3**s

To

form

ves

/

q

questions

in

the

passive

voice,

move

the

first

auxiliary

verb before

the

subject'

simpre

presenft,n*

L

Ary

b141ryi1l..y ..

::

:

-:r

l

present

continuous

I

Are

Kurosawa',s

fiims

are being

shown

at

the

Film

Center?

presetft pcrfcct

Have

Yu

Hung',s

paintings

have

been

bought

by

world

leaders?

-

-l

l

past conttnuous

Were

copies

of

Monet's

paintings

were being

sold

by

the

museum?

fttture

zuitlt

will

Will a

new

film

w'it* be

directed

by

Ang

Lee

next

year?

I futttp

zuith

be

qoins

Is

Van Gogh's

Sttnflowcrs

s

going

to be shown

at the

Tate

Gallery

next

month?

J""'-"'-U

i

h

'NIT

s

Lesson

l

O

On

a separate

sheet

of

paper, rewrite

the sentences

as

yes

/

no

questions in the

passive voice.

1.

That new

film

about

families

is

being

directed

by cillian

Armstrong.

2.

One

of

Da

Vinci's

most

famous

drawings

has

been sold

by

a

German

art collector.

3.

A rare ceramic

figure

from

the

National

Palace

Museum

in Taipei

will

be

sent

to

the

Metropolitan

Museum

of

Art

in New

York.

4. A new

exhibit

is

going

to

be opened

at the

Photography

Gallery

this

week.

5. Some

new

paintings

have

been

bought

by

the

Prado

Museum

for

their

permanent

collection.

6.

Las

Meninas

can

be seen

at the

Prado

Museum

in Madrid'

z.

The

ltLpiter

Symphony

was

written

by

Mozart.

8.

Some

of

Michelangelo's

work

was being

shown

around

the

world

in

the

1950s.

{*nep*ris*:t

tr*ith

xdj*etiv*s:

r*v**';r'

#*r:'tpenatEw*s

Use

comparatives

to show

how

two

things

are

different

in degree'

My laptop

is

Sigh{*r

{F:**

John's

(is).

Sug:*rEaiw**

Use

superlatives

to

show

how

one

thing

is different

lrom two

or

more

other

things.

The M12,

LX,

and

Pell

monitors

are

allgood

monitors.

Butthe

Pellist?'l*

b*st.

#-$

...

#,

Use

as

...

as

to show

that

two things

are

equal.

Use

the

negative

form

to

show

that two

things

are

different.

The new

X'12

monitor

is

es hig

a*

the old

X]0

model.

(They're

the same

size.)

The Perk

monitor

is

**t a*

hig

as

the X12.

(They're

of

dif{erent

sizes)


16/19

O

Each

sentence

has one

error.

Correct the

error.

The

Ortman

headset

isn't

as

clearer-

as the

Pike headset.

My

old

laptop

didn't

have

as

many problems

than my

new laptop.

3.

I

checked

out

the three

top brands,

and the

Piston was definitely

the better.

4.

Maxwell's web

camera

is

much

more exPensive

as

their digital

camera.

5.

Of

all the

monitors

I looked

at,

the

X60 is definitely

larger.

?

::-'ri+

1::+.4-:

j-i-.i:::;1,r::an

.

4

I

Read

the

statements.

On a separate

sheet of

paper,

write

sentences

with

as

...

as.

t. My

brother's

MP3

player

downloads

quickly. My

MP3

player

also

downloads

quickly.

2" My

new computer

doesn't

log on slowly.

My old computer

logs on slowly'

3.

Your

scanner

works

well. My scanner

also

works well.

+.

The Rico

printer prints quickly-

The

Grant

printer

doesn't

print

quickly.

5.

The Pax CD

drive

doesn't

run quietly.

The Rico CD

drive runs quietly.

UNIT

9

Lesson

2

Sxpr*ssin

rrsith

En

*rd*r

t*

S_4,-.

eS

wltm

a*v*tsg

-

Adverbs often

give

information

about

verbs

My

phone

works

we*i.

My

printer

prints

f*st.

Many adjectives

can

be

changed

to

adverbs by adding

:ly'

bad

*

badlg

quiet

+

quietly

Quick

+

quickig

slow

'

slowBy

You

can use

as

,,.

as

with many adverbs.

My new

phone

works

e*

well as

my old one.

The Macro

laptop doesn't

run

**

*lewly *s the

Pell

laptop.

bxpr*ssing

ptlrp*$*

vgtEft

.E-*

qHsgli

You

can use

in order

to to express

purpose.

The following

three sentences

have

the same

meaning:

I scrolled

down

hec**s*

i

*santed

t*

re*d

th*

iest.

I scrolled

down

En

*r#er

t*

r**d

the

tes?.

I

scrolled

down

tc re*# the

t*xt.
http://www.zabansite.com/http://www.zabansite.com/


17/19

O

Complete

each

sentence

with

for

or

to.

C

on

a

separate

sheet

of

paper,

rewrite

the

sentences

with

in

order

to.

l.

I

joined

a

chat

room

to

meet

new

people.

2.

Jason

surfs

the

Internet

to

find

interesting

websites.

3'

Alison

is

instant

messaging her

friend

Nancy

to

invite

her

for

dinner.

+.

They

always

print

their

files

to

read

them.

5.

I

never

use

the

pull-down

menu

to

open

a

file.

*xpr**sitrg

F{"irp#$*

wefu

{*r

You

can

use

for

to

express purpose.

Use

for

before

a

noun.

She

e-malled

me

g*r

**ra:*

*dsi*e.

They

shop

online

fcl

*lectr**i*s pre*.ie.le*s,

Never

use

for

before

an

infinitive

of

purpose.

D0N'T

SAY

She

e-mailed

me

for

to ask a

question.

l'

My

friend

Jay

e-mailed

me

-

say

he's

getting

married.

2'

Matt

created

a

web

page

-

keep

in

touch

with

his

family

and

friends.

3.

I

went

online

find

a

new

keyboard.

4.

Jane

shops

online

clothing.

5'

when

Gina's

computer

crashed,

her

brother

came

to

her

apartment

__--

help

her.

6'

sometimes

I

use

my

computer

.__=-

download

music.

z.

I

designed

a

new

home

page

__=_--

my

company.

8.

We

both

log

on

to

the

Internet

information.

UNIT

10

Lesson

2

{e*dt$*eea

**r*te*e*sr

*eea+,:i*g

conditional

sentences

express

a result

of

an

action.

They

usually

have

an

if

clause

and

a

result

clause.

if

clause (the

condition)

result

clause

lf

I

eat

dlnner

at

home,

I

don,t

eat

too

much.

lf

they

speak

Dutch

to

the

taxi

driver,

he

won,t

understand.

lf

they

had

more

money,

they

would

take

a

trip.


18/19

e*sndi*i*nal

sefttences:

pressnt

$aeEa"*aE

Use

the

simple

present

tense

or

the

present

tense

of be in

both

clauses.

lf it

rai;rs, flights

ere

delayed.

(general

fact)

lf

you

B:*at

water

to

100

degrees, it

b*ils.

(scientific

fact)

If

I

::

:':r

something

on the

ground

in

the

street,

I

;:i

:':

it

to

the

owner.

Use the

future

factual

conditional

to

talk

about

what

will

happen

in

the future

under

certain

conditions.

Use the

simple

present

tense

in the

if

clause.

Use the future

with

will

or be

going

to in

the result

clause.

lf

I

S* to

sleep

too

late t0night,

I

wsn'

fue

a*l*

io

ga{

*ap

on

time.

(future condition,

future

result)

lf she

**n':*s

home

after

8:00,

I't* **t

going

ts *r*k*

dinner.

(future

condition,

future

result)

you

an

omelet

tonight.

her

home.

-

it next

year?

Italian

if

they


19/19

fl*gt#iti*gr*H

se*t*nc*s

Use the

present

unreal

conditional to talk

about

unreal conditions and

their results.

Use

the

simple

past

tense in

the

if

clause.

For

the

verb

be,

always

use

were.

Use

would

and a

base

form in the result

clause.

lf

lt'l*d

black shoes,

lru**l#

u+*cr

them.

(But

I

don't

have black shoes: unreal condition, unreal result.)

lf

I

a+;*r* a

teacher,

I

+***sid

g***h

French.

(But

l'm

not a teacher:

unreal condition, unreal result.)

Don't

use

would in the

il

clause.

lf lkrp*slr his name, lwould

tell

you.

NOT l{

lwe*}**now his name,

lwould tell

you.

Complete each

present

1. If

I lived

to be

100,

unreal conditional

sentence.

Use

your

own

ideas.

2.

My

family

would be angry

if

3.

If

I

didn't

study

English,

4.

If I went to my favorite restaurant,

5. If

I

were a

child

again,

6.

The English

class

would

be

better

if

{*sr# ie**r**

E

s*gtt*sts*s:

*yder

* *ia

a:ses

On a separate sheet of

paper,

rewrite

all the sentences in

exercises A-D, reversing

the

clauses

and using

commas

where necessary.

In

all conditional sentences, the clauses can

be

reversed

with

no change in meaning.

ln writing, use

a

comma

between

the

clauses

when the

if

clause comes first.

lf

you

don't

return

the

bracelet,

you'll

feel

bad,

You'll

feel

bad

if

you

don't

return

the

bracelet.

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