Emily Schuvart

Table of contents

• 1)Nationalities• 2)Stem changing• 3)Para• 4)Indirect object pronouns • 5)Object pronoun placement• 6)Gustar• 7)Affirmative and negative words• 8)Superlative verbs• 9)Reflexives• 10)Affirmative tu commands/irregulars/pronoun placement• 11)Negative tu commands• 12)Sequencing events

• 1)Nationalities• 2)Stem changing• 3)Para• 4)Indirect object pronouns • 5)Object pronoun placement• 6)Gustar• 7)Affirmative and negative words• 8)Superlative verbs• 9)Reflexives• 10)Affirmative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun placement• 11)Negative tú commands• 12)Sequencing events• 13)Trigger words• 14)Car, Gar, Zar• 15)Deber + infinitive• 16)Modal verbs• 17)Present Progressive• 18)Adverbs

Table of contents

Nationalities

Stem Changing

Para

In order tooto, in order to, so as to, in order not to, so as not to.

Intended forfor, for the purpose of, intended for

Use para to indicate the recipient of items

Indirect Object Pronouns

The IO tells us where the DO is going. The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed.

me comprabuys (for) me

te comprabuys (for) you

les comprabuys (for) them

nos comprabuys (for) us

le comprabuys (for) her

os comprabuys (for) you-all

Object pronoun placement

• Attach the pronoun to the infinitive

• Attach the pronoun to a progressive tense

• Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command

• Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb

Gustar means to like. Gustar is not conjugated like other verbs, gustar in conjuated depending on the object.

Gustar

Affirmative and negative wordsNada Nothing

Nadie No one

Ninguno Not any, none

Tampoco Neither, either

Algo Something

Alguien Someone

Alguno Some

Tambien Also

Superlatives

• Superlatives are added to adjectives or adverbs

• Used to mean very or extremely

Malo Malisimo

Muchas Muchisimas

Facil Facilisimo

Reflexives

• Used with reflexive verbs to indicate the subject receives the action of the verb.

• When using the reflexive verb, you must use an indirect object pronoun.

Me- to me Nos-to us

Te-to you

Le-to him/to her Les-to them

Affirmative commands/irregular/pronoun

placement

Use affirmative commands to tell someone what to do.

Di

Haz

Ve

Se

Pon

Ten

Sal

Ven

Common commands

• Used to tell what not to do.

Examples:Negative TÚ commandNo hables mucho Don’t talk a lotNo contestes las preguntas Don’t answer questions

Negative TÚ commandNo tomes Don’t drinkNo trabajes Don’t work

Negative tucommands/irregular/pronoun

placement

Sequencing Events

First Primero

then entonces

before antes

after despues

Finally finalmente

Later luego

Used to transition between different events or describe when you do something.

Preterits

é amos

aste

ó aron

í imos

iste

ió ieron

Ar Er and Ir

Trigger words

last night anoche

this morning esta mañana

this afternoon esta tarde

last week semana pasada

this week esta semana

one time una vez

the other day el otro día

last weekend fin de semana pasado

Car, Gar, Zar

TocarToqué

TocasteTocó

TocamosTocaron

JugarJugué

JugasteJugó

Jugamosjugaron

ComenzarComencé

ComenzasteComenzó

Comemzamoscomenzaron

The only form that changes is the “yo” form.

Deber

infinitive

Deber means ought to or should

Conjugate deber and add the not conjugated infinitive

Modal Verbs

• Deber-should to, ought to

• Necesitar-to need

• Querer-to want

• Desear-to desire

• Saber-to know

• Poder-can, could, be able to

• Soler-used to, usually

Normal verbs which have past / present / future tenses and "aspects.“ Sometimes known as auxiliary verbs.

Present Progressive

• Steps to use a present progressive

1)add estar and conjugate it according to the subject.

ex: Yo estoy

2)change the ending of the verb to ando/iendo/yendo. When the stem of an er/irverb ends in a vowel, change the iendo to yendo.

• Keep in mind some verbs have irregular present participial forms.

Adverbs

Fácilmente

Felizmente

Lenatmenta

Rapidementa

Tranquilamente

Frecuentemente

Especialmente

When the adjective ends in e, l, or z

When the adjective ends in o

Just add mente to the ending.

Replace o with an a and add mente.

When using two adverbs, only add the mente to the second one.