Grammar and usageNoun clauses introduced by

question words

Empty subject it

Noun Clauses

Subject

Object

Predicative

Appositive

Clauses

1. You know that I am a teacher of English.

2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all .

3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English.

4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to you all.

5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam.

6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in the exam.

that I am a teacher of English

That I am a teacher of English

that I am a teacher of

English

whether you can do well in the exam.

OC

SC

SC

PC

AC that I am a teacher of English

whether you can do well in the exam. OC

Find the clauses and tell the function of them:

SCWhat I am worried about

Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:

连接词

连接代词

连接副词

what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which

that, whether, if, as if(as though)

when, where, how, why 状语

主语、宾语

Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words

What was he doing ?

His father was surprised.

subject clause 主语从句

What he was doing surprised

his father.

What’s your first impression

of him?

I want to know.

object clause 宾语从句

I want to know what your first impression of him is.

How can I make a grammar

lesson interesting?

That is my question.

predicative clause 表语从句

My question is how I can make

a grammar lesson interesting.

How did Peter respond to

that question?

I have no idea.

appositive clause 同位语从句

I have no idea how Peter responded to

that question.

1. We change the word order in a clause after

a question word into that of a statement.

2. We cannot leave out the question words in

noun clauses in any cases.

Attention

Check whether the sentences are true or false:

他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )

你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？Could you tell me what was the matter with me. ( )Could you tell me what the matter was with me. ( )

FT

TF

1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.2. ________ he got the money is still uncertain.3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4. I have no doubt ________ he will win.5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.

6. The thing that troubles me is ______ to head for Europe.

Fill in the blanks using“that/ whether / where/ how/when”

whereHow

that

thatwhether

when

1. It’s a book. (指代 )

2. It’s over ten o’clock. (时间 )

3. It’s raining outside. (天气 )

4. It’s a long way to the museum. (距离 )

Review the function of “it”

1. We can use it as an empty subject.A. when we use a noun clause as the subject of a

sentence. a. (preferable) It is certain that we would not be

able to understand Old English today. = (correct) That we would not be able to

understand Old English today is certain.

Empty subject “it”:

b. (preferable) It is easy to answer whether English will continue changing in the future. =

(correct) Whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer.

c. (preferable) It depends on the style of writing when we use certain words. =

(correct) When we use certain words depends on the style of writing.

a. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. =

(correct) To master a foreign language is hard.

b. (preferable) It is important to know how to use a computer. =

(correct) To know how to use a computer is important.

B. when the subject is a to-infinitive.

C. when the subject is a v-ing form.a. ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. =

(correct) It is difficult to stop smoking.

b. (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a

lot of my time. =

(correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling

to Beijing.

We usually use the empty subject it with

a clause or to-infinitive (preferable), but

with the v-ing form we prefer the real

subject at the beginning.

Tip

2. It can also be used before seem, appear, happen, chance, turn out and prove as the empty subject of a sentence.

a. It seems that he speaks two languages. = He seems to speak two languages.b. It happens that my new neighbor comes from

my home town. = My new neighbor happens to come from my

home town.

I.同位语从句和定语从句的区别 :

1. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中 that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的 that在同位语从句中不做任何成分 ,只起连接作用 ,无具体含义 ,且不可省略 .

Other important cases of noun clauses:

1. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.

2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.

1. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.

Attributive or Appositive

AT

AP

AP

AT

II.疑问词 + ever 和 no matter + 疑问词的区别： ①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. ②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. ③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。 No matter what you do, you must do it well. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. 

1. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____.

A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is

2. The photographs will show you ____．     A. what does our village look like

B. what our village looks like

C. how does our village look like

D. how our village looks like

D

B

高考链接

3. What the doctors really doubt is _____my mother will

recover from the serious disease soon.

A. when B. if C. whether D. why

4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no

longer ______it was 20 years ago, _____ it was so poorly

equipped.

A. what; when B. that; which

C. what; which D. which; that

5. ______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the

lights.

A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

C

A

C

6. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize

___ silly mistakes I had made.

A. what B. that C. how D. which

7. Parents are taught to understand ______ important

education is to their children’s future.

A. that B. how C. such D. so

　　　　　

A

B

8. Scientists think that the continents _____ always where

they _____ today.

A. aren’t; are  B. aren’t; were   

C. weren’t; are   D. weren’t; were

A

D

Jerry: I’m a journalist from China, congratulations on winning the election of President.Obama: Thank you!J: I often wonder you have so many fans and supporters.O: I am really grateful. It is their support and faith in me make me successful.J: The fact your are the first black President brings hope to many people all over the world. O: I can imagine. I will try my best regardless of the result I will make it or not.

Finish the following dialogue

why

thatthat

whether

J: We all know you have a quite happy family and your two daughters are so lovely.O: Oh, you bet (当然 ). I enjoy the moment I’m with my family. is relaxing and pleasant to play with my daughters.J: And your wife also plays an important part in your whole life, right?O: That’s I feel and she’ also a good mother.J: My last question is you will take the post? (上任 )O: In January, 2009.J: Thank you for sparing me so much time.O: You are welcome.

when It

whatwhen

Homework

Finish the exercises on page 100.

And preview the instructions in

the Task.