Grammar and Language Workbook, Front Matter

GrammarGrammar 45NameClassDate

Unit 1: Parts of SpeechLesson 1Nouns: Singular, Plural, Possessive, Concrete, and AbstractA noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea. A plural noun names more thanone.SINGULARPLURAL

Person:poet, sisterpoets, sisters

Place:hill, biology labhills, biology labs

Thing:wind, hairbrushwinds, hairbrushes

Idea:love, beliefloves, beliefs

The possessive form of a noun shows possession, ownership, or the relationship between two nouns.SINGULAR POSSESSIVEPLURAL POSSESSIVEPossession: writer's storywriters' storiesOwnership: Samantha Winthrop's carthe Winthrops' carsRelationship: the cat's colorthe cats' colors^ Exercise 1 Write S above each singular noun, P above each plural noun, and poss. above each possessive noun.Pposs.SThe breezes carried the nightingale's song.31.Kamaria's family gave me a tour of their house yesterday.g2.Bill fulfilled his obligations to the charity through his generous donations.^3.When will Martha's mom find out whether the doctor recommends an operation?rS4.Brad is studying to be a legal assistant, while Beth's plans include a career as a nurse.5. Lightning and thunder don't frighten me as they did during my childhood.3ou6. The freshly mown grass will please my parents when they return from work. 7.Sharon explained Ted's faults to him throughout lunch.8. Zahara, may I introduce to you my friends Scott, Kevin, and Paul?9. I enjoy the wind's steady rushing sound on a long, windy afternoon in March.10. The debater from the other team proved a point against our squad just before the buzzer.11. After the prom, our friends breakfasted at the local diner on Main Street.Unit 1, Parts of Speech 47NameClassDate12. The instructor corrected Frank's misunderstanding about that particular chemical reaction.13. The Nile River flows for a longer distance than any other of the world's rivers.14. Camilla will sing both classical and popular songs during her audition.15. Carrying heavy loads burdened the poor donkey all of his life.16. Carl seized on this idea when his friends' suggestions did not work out.17. Not only will I attend the girls' volleyball match, but I intend to root heartily.18. I hope the long-awaited letter gladdens Ron's heavy heart.E

A concrete noun names an object that occupies space or that can be recognized by any ofthe senses.oceanlightningmonkpecanpiestararomaAn abstract noun names an idea, quality, or characteristic,truthhonorbeauty justicewisdom^- Exercise 2 Write con. for concrete or abst. for abstract above each italicized noun.abst.con.The splendor of the ruins inspired me to write a short poem.1. All free people should cherish their liberty.2. Tiffany explicitly believed everything the advertisement claimed for its product.3. Priscilla said that it will take an eternity for us to finish this job.rt4. Jimmy's dad has kept a close watch on his health ever since the heart attack.Su5.The limpid stream winds through the dark forest for many miles.go6.The general elegance of the old mansion profoundly impressed me.u7.Only when we stood closer to the railing did the depth of the canyon surprise us.8. I finally found the book under a pile of old newspapers and magazines.%9. Csar said he never thought that I would take astronomy seriously enough to buy a telescope.q10. The dark green bottle and the brown mandolin made a nice subject for the painting.11. My mother was suprised at the cleanliness of my room.12. The job well done brought Raul great satisfaction.48 Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 12NameClassDate .Lesson 2Nouns: Proper, Common, and CollectiveA proper noun names a specific person, place, or thing. Capitalize proper nouns. A common noun refers to people, places, or things in general.PROPER NOUNSCOMMON NOUNS

Person:Douglas MacArthurgeneral

Place:Marylandstate

Thing:Roverdog

Idea:Scholasticismphilosophy

A collective noun names a group. A collective noun is singular if it refers to the group as a whole, and plural if it refers to individual members of a group.The team is winning.The team pack up their equipment. Exercise 1 Write prop. above each proper noun, com. above each common noun, and col. above each collective noun. Assume the collective nouns are also common nouns.prop.com.com.col.com.General Chow, my cat, rarely accepts newcomers into his exclusive fraternity of friends.1. The milling crowd slowly dispersed after Sheriff Stone asked them to leave.2. Mrs. Paulus told my mom that you have the chicken pox.3. The crew on the boat relaxed after they anchored their vessel in the harbor.4. Did you hear that the Thompsons are moving from Springfield to Indianapolis?5. The entire community rejoiced to hear that the arsonist had at last been caught.g 6. Of all the American presidents, I'd say my favorite is Theodore Roosevelt.7. After only an hour, the jury returned its much anticipated verdict to Judge Eason.18. The Western Tennis Association congratulated the Adams High School tennis team for winningi3the league championship.>,9.I have a picture of a squadron of rare airplanes flying side by side.DCR 10. If I ever created a periodical, I'd call it The American Mercury, after a magazine of long ago.o11. We studied about Fyodor Dostoevsky, a Russian writer of the nineteenth century.12. The company my father works for has asked him to relocate to Alaska.13. Mr. Todd asked me to paint his house with two gallons of paint.14. Who could have believed that a speaker could have swayed so vast a multitude?Unit 1, Parts of Speech 49NameClassDate15. The inspector asked Detective Smythe to bring him the records of the latest case.16. Waves on the Atlantic Ocean made me feel somewhat sick but not enough to affect my appetite.17. I myself exercise at the Workout Gym every Wednesday and Friday.18. We left the harbor with the flotilla of other craft, including sailboats and freighters.19. Benny left his thesaurus at the library yesterday.20. The council has passed a new law about riding bikes on sidewalks.21. Did Jenny go with you to Smith's Department Store for the interview?222.The solitary elm stood in the middle of Bader Field until the windstorm knocked it down.cb23.The legislature is going to adjourn on Saturday for Christmas.O24. The Sahara, the largest desert, stretches across the north of Africa.25. Noah Webster composed the first American dictionary.26. Karen, the president of the class, has great plans for our trip.27. Uncle Steve and Aunt Margaret are going to visit their son Tommy at the university.28. James Monroe formulated an important plan for foreign policy known as the Monroe Doctrine.29. Our team travels to Junction City to play for the championship.30. The rain fell throughout the night and into the morning on Thursday.31. The school newspaper, The Cheerleader, has a new editor, Sarah Hwan.32. The board meets to elect its new president within a week.33. A special committee exists for just that sort of investigation, Mr. Bentley.34. I just could not mow that part of the yard because of all the beautiful violets.*?35. Tammy found this wonderful old book on the lowest shelf.S336. When will our chorus get to practice again, Mrs. Rivera?837. In the late evening, I often see rabbits at the edge of my yard.^O38.This poem about life by Li Po is really very lovely, Mrs. Jefferson.^DC39.Our family goes out of its way so that all of us can share dinner together.g.u40.Franklin wants to be a sculptor, and he has already crafted interesting pieces.50 Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 12NameClassDate .Lesson 3Pronouns: Personal, Possessive, Reflexive, and IntensiveA pronoun takes the place of a noun, a group of words acting as a noun, or another pronoun. We call the word or group of words that a pronoun refers to its antecedent.A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing by indicating the person speaking (the first person), the person being addressed (the second person), or any other person or thing being discussed (the third person).SINGULARPLURALFirst Person:I, mewe, usSecond Person: youyouThird Person:he, him, she, her, itthey, themA possessive pronoun shows possession or control. It takes the place of a possessive noun.SINGULARPLURALFirst Person:my, mineour, oursSecond Person: your, yoursyour, yoursThird Person:his, her, hers, itstheir, theirs Exercise 1 Draw one line under each personal pronoun and two lines under each possessive pronoun.They made a float to represent their club in the village parade.1. With her new shoes, she ran faster than she had before.a2. My floral arrangement won me first prize at the flower show on the fairgrounds.|3. Benny and Tara landscaped our yard for us before they did theirs.uuS4. When Akira returned from the hike, his ragged appearance made me frown.Qug5. Their vacation turned out to be the much-needed rest they wanted.u-6. His manager gave him a bonus for his extra work over the busy holiday..op7. We noticed how playful our lambs are this morning.Q8. Our newspaper carrier delivered the paper on her new bike this morning.9. We left the house keys hanging in our garage on a nail behind the light switch.10. Their new textbooks arrived after ours did.11. His friends always make light of our efforts on the practice field.Unit 1, Parts of Speech 51ss

NameClassDate12. I dropped my video machine off at the shop this morning; could I borrow yours?13. It remains a puzzle how the jewel thief got past all of our electronic devices.14. Those papers are theirs; ours are lying on top of your cabinet.15. Sen's dad is a tailor, and he made Sen his new checkered coat.16. They made sand castles on the beach, but waves soon washed away their work.17. He raked the leaves, but the sudden wind scattered them all over our yard.18. Your new puppy looks as if it will turn out to be a beautiful, large dog.19. Our gardener gave the flower garden his special attention this morning.20. My history teacher took us on a tour of her favorite places in the museum.A reflexive pronoun refers to a noun or another pronoun and indicates that the same person or thing is involved. An intensive pronoun adds emphasis to a noun or another pronoun. Reflexive and intensive pronouns look alike. Their usage reveals the difference.Otto reminded himself not to forget the party. (reflexive) Otto himself told me he was coming to the party. (intensive) Exercise 2 Write ref. above each reflexive pronoun and int. above each intensive pronoun.ref.The poet believed in himself and his work enough to send his poems to a publisher.1. The chorus dancer dressed herself for her part in the Greek play.2. Ron put himself to sleep with the music he composed for relaxation.3. When you run in the practice heats, pace yourself with this stopwatch.34. They bought themselves a new truck and traded in their old jalopy.gS35.The grass itself is too wet for me to mow this morning, Mrs. Smith.^o u6. Kwaku gave himself a break after football practice.^7. The heavy rain itself doesn't frighten me; I myself am more scared of the lightning and@thunder.-go8.Why do you think they blamed themselves for the loss to Central?u9.The old house itself served as an inn before our family bought it twenty years ago.10. I told myself again and again not to forget those keys!52 Grammar and Language Workbook, Grade 12NameClassDate

Lesson 4Pronouns: Interrogative, Relative, Demonstrative, and IndefiniteUse an interrogative pronoun to form questions. Interrogative pronouns are who, whom, whose, what, and which. Other interrogative pronouns are whoever, whomever, whatever, and whichever.Whatever gave you that absurd notion?Use a relative pronoun to begin a subject-verb word group called a subordinate clause. The last senator who stabbed Caesar was his friend Brutus.RELATIVE PRONOUNSwhowhomwhatwhichthatwhoeverwhomeverwhateverwhicheverwhose

^ Exercise 1 Draw one line under each interrogative pronoun and two lines under each relative pronoun.Who would have imagined how some of the famous car designers started out?1. Frederick Henry Royce, who as a boy served as an apprentice on the Great Northern Railroad,later started his own company.2. Royce Limited, a company that manufactured electric cranes and dynamos, did not make cars.3. The industrialist, whose origins had been in poverty, achieved considerable success with hiscranes by the age of forty.g4.What interested Royce about the possibility of making a car?0 5.We do not know for certain what Royce's answer to that question would have been.

1 6.Whatever his dreams were, the fact is that the former rail shop worker had developed poor;3health.

7. His friends encouraged him to buy an automobile, which they hoped would get his mind offDC%his condition.Ou8. In those early days all autos, which were fascinating to almost everyone, delighted engineersprone to tinkering, adjusting, and improving.9. By 1904 Royce had built three cars that greatly improved on the one he had bought himself. 10. An aristocrat, racing driver, and aeronaut whose attention had been attracted by Royce's new cars then became Royce's business partner.Unit 1, Parts of Speech 53NameClassDate

11. Whoever was this eccentric individual?12. He was the other person for whom the cars came to be namedCharles Stewart Rolls.ss

A demonstrative pronoun points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. That is a great idea, Charley.DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNSSingular: thisthatPlural: these thoseAn indefinite pronoun refers to persons, places, or things in a more general way than does a noun or a personal pronoun.Each of the winners chose his or her own prize.INDEFINITE PRONOUNSallbotheverything

anothereachfew

anyeithermany

anybodyenoughmost

anyoneeverybodyneither

anythingeveryonenobody

nonesomenothingsomebodyonesomeoneothersomethingothersseveral^ Exercise 2 Write ind. above each indefinite pronoun and dem. above each demonstrative pronoun.ind.One of the great continental European automotive designers was Ettore Bugatti.1. Of the world's famous carmakers, few, if any, approached Ettore Bugatti in excellence andggenius.*?2. Everyone who knew him considered him unique in the automotive world.^3. Many in his old and honored family had achieved acclaim as well-known artists.S4. These thought Ettore also possessed the skill and talent to become a great artist.>..5. That appears to have been the reason they sent him to study sculpture.36. Something came between the young Bugatti and a famous artistic career.g