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The CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes: Annual Report 2014
A. KEY MESSAGES Synthesis of progress and challenges in implementing the CRP
The CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes had its second full year of operation in 2014 and this
saw implementation of its product orientated structure and the implementation of its gender
strategy. The year was also marked by developments presaging the future plans for the program: the
Plan of Work and Budget prompted a request from the Consortium Office for the redescription of
the program in terms of activities (Flagship Projects) rather than outputs and outcomes. As for other
Research Programs Grain Legumes was requested to prepare a plan for 2015 and 2016, the
Extension Phase, and it was decided to defer the implementation of the Flagship structure until the
Extension Phase of the project. Accordingly the Annual Report for 2014 retains the Product Line
format, and individual Product Line Reports, describing the project in more detail can be found at
the URL http://1drv.ms/1Eyu0bo.
The year saw major upheavals in terms of the W1+W2 budget with this being reduced from $23.2M
in 2013 to $14.7M at the start of 2014 and further reduced to $13.8 in November of that year, these
changes being due to a decline in W1 funding. The W3 and bilateral budget was more stable at
$36.8M. This 18% drop in funding caused severe difficulties for the program as a whole, as the
W3+bilateral funding is not redeployable and is fixed by the relevant centre’s contract with a donor.
In effect the reduction in the budget that is under the control of the research management
committee was reduced by 64%. This trend has continued such that the 2015 W1+W2 budget is now
reduced by 75% from that of 2013 (and is 51% of the W1 budget from the extension phase). This
reduction in W1 funding places great strain on the ability of the Research Program to manage the
program of work effectively diminishing the authority of the Research Management Committee and
trust in this structure as a mechanism for coordinating the CGIAR’s activities in this area.
Despite these difficulties a significant event outside the CGIAR was the UN declaration
(A/RES/68/231) of 2016 as the International Year of Pules1. Grain Legumes is actively involved in the
preparation and planning for these events.
Two significant achievements and success stories in the year
Lentil for rice-based cropping systems in South Asia.
South Asia has a quarter of the world’s population but only one-twentieth
of the world’s land. Farmland, already scarce, is being converted to housing
or factories and yields, after increasing dramatically during the Green
Revolution era, have reached a plateau in many areas. To ensure food
security in the world’s most densely populated region, there is only one
option – produce more food from every piece of arable land. That usually
means increasing the yield per hectare, or per unit of water. Grain Legumes
together with our partners is exploring another option – squeezing in an
extra crop during periods when farms are usually left fallow.
Product Line 6 ‘Extra-early maturing chickpea and lentil varieties’ is aimed
at bringing approximately 3.5 of the 14Mha of this fallow land in South Asia
into productive agriculture. The objective is to grow a legume crop in these
fields relying on residual moisture, but requiring the crop to come to
maturity in approximately 80 days, being constrained by rising
temperatures (PL2) and the need to plant the following rice crop. In
practice farmers have several legumes that can potentially be used in this
way; mungbean (Vigna radiata), grasspea (Lathyrus sativa), chickpea
1 FAO data are not in agreement with National data and the latter are used here
Lentil in Bangladesh
rice fallows
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(Cicer arietinum) and lentil (Lens culinaris). The first two crops are outside the scope of this CRP
(although they were originally considered in the project proposal) and so are not discussed here. In
Bangladesh lentil represents a considerably greater volume of production (though chickpea is of
greater significance in neighbouring parts of India); lentil in Bangladesh is the focus of this report.
Grain Legumes has strong partnership with the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI)
which is the national body responsible for variety production and release.
Farmers have good reasons for leaving land fallow in the winter season as harvesting a successful
winter crop is a challenge because of depleting soil moisture and terminal drought with sudden rise
in temperature. If even a part of this land could be cultivated, food security would improve
substantially. Grain Legumes scientists from ICARDA and ICRISAT together with their colleagues in
Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Myanmar have developed effective, low-cost technologies for
cultivating fallow land. New varieties and crop management methods are now available and farmers
in all these countries are beginning to use these technologies, with strong support from government
agencies. The approach has already proven its potential in Bangladesh (and elsewhere). The major
example of documented uptake of lentil varieties in Bangladesh, which grows about 165,000 ha of
lentil and has traditionally imported more than half of its consumption. A key scientific enabler in
establishing a thriving rice-lentil system Bangladesh is new higher-yielding short duration varieties
(BARI Masur 4, BARI Masur 5, BARI Masur 6 and BARI Masur 7, which draw on ICARDA breeding
lines) of lentils resistant to common diseases (rust and stemphylium blight), and extensive training of
rice farmers in managing lentil crops. This has led to increase in lentil production from 126,000
tonnes in 2001 to 210,000 t at present, mainly because of yield increase from 790 kg/ha in 2001 to
1270 kg per ha. The improved technology has spread to more than 85 percent of the lentil area in
Bangladesh alone, bringing in an additional annual income of US $26.6 million. For small-scale
farmers numbering ~ 1 million, obtaining a harvest of lentils from the same piece of land has not
only improved their livelihood but also nutrition for their families.
Heat tolerance in common bean
Product Line 2 ‘Heat tolerant
chickpea, common bean, faba bean
and lentil’ addresses yield loss due
to elevated temperature,
particularly at seed set or seed
filling. Surveys of germplasm
accessions of Phaseolus at CIAT, Cali
identified sources of heat tolerant
lines that can resist at least 3°C
higher average temperatures; many
of these correspond to lines
generated from interspecific crosses
between tepary bean (Phaseolus
acutifolius) and common bean (P.
vulgaris). While pollen fertility
seems to be indicated by pod and
seed formation, grain filling must
also be improved since high
temperatures inhibit proper translocation of photosynthates to developing seed.
Suitability simulations for East Africa.
Left: present; Middle: 2050 projection with current lines; Right: 2050
projection with temperature tolerance as identified.
Green suitable- Red severe loss, Blue potential new areas
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/61841/DEVELOPI
NG_BEANS.pdf
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A natural insecticide is recognised as cyclo(-Trp-Phe)
In earlier studies S. griseoplanus SAI-25 had been identified as a
bacterial strain with insecticidal activity against H. armigera. In the
current reporting period the nature of this insecticidal activity was
traced to a single metabolite, shown by a combination of techniques
(http://1drv.ms/1byCWlS Activities under OT 5.7) to correspond to the
cyclic dipeptide cyclo(-Trp-Phe).
Financial summary
Financial details are given in section I, below the distribution of expenditure among Product Lines
(etc.) is summarised. Product Lint - PL, M - Management, G - centrally funded gender activities.
With the exception of Management costs which are exclusively W1+W2 funded, the proportion of
W1+W2 funding represents about 30% of project costs, with a minimum of 24% (PL8) and a
maximum of 42% (PL7). Centre funds were contributed exclusively by CIAT.
B. IMPACT PATHWAY AND INTERMEDIATE DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES (IDOS) The CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes organises its activities according to two orthogonal
principles: Product Lines and Strategic Components.
Product Lines (PL) have been developed to identify those interventions that are most likely to have a
significant impact. These have been identified based on an analysis of demand, constraint, region
and opportunities, so Product Lines focus on outputs. This analysis is presented in the project
description document.
Strategic Components (SC) represent enabling pathways to achieve our goals of improving the
production, sale and consumption of grain legumes, and so focus on outcomes. These are also
described in the project description document, which is available at: http://1drv.ms/1iesUse.
These Strategic Components are closely allied to the Flagship Projects proposed in the extension
Phase (see the extension phase proposal at: http://1drv.ms/1JNop1s).
In combination these identify activity clusters and define the pathway to achieving our five
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDO).
IDO1 Food Security: Improved and stable access to grain legumes by urban and rural poor IDO2 Income: Increased and more equitable income from grain legumes by low income value
chain actors, especially women
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IDO3 Nutrition & Health: Increased consumption of healthy grain legumes and products by the poor for a more balanced and nutritious diet, especially among nutritionally vulnerable women and children
IDO4 Productivity: Improved productivity of farming systems, especially among smallholder farmers
IDO5 Environment: Minimized adverse environmental effects of increased production and intensification of grain legumes
See http://1drv.ms/1fahduM for a description of the IDOs, Theory of Change and Impact Pathway
and http://1drv.ms/1P9xcMc for a description of our Value Proposition.
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C. PROGRESS ALONG THE IMPACT PATHWAY This document provides an overview of progress within Grain Legumes for the year 2014, more
detailed information is available on-line from individual Product Line reports and associated
supporting documents. An index to these is provided at http://1drv.ms/1FZNxDF.
C.1 Progress towards outputs
Plant varieties represent a major class of output from Grain Legumes and correspond to a Strategic
Component of the Program. To this end 42 varieties were released in 2014, and in this year two
previously released pigeonpea hybrids (ICPH 2671 and ICPH 2740) have been commercialised. In
addition many advanced lines are at the multilocation trial and pre-release stage, and yet more
sources of new alleles have been identified that are in the pre-breeding stage. Thus the program has
a portfolio of ‘products’ or outputs in the pipeline towards release. These are described in detail in
the individual Product Line reports which can be accessed from the index above.
Varieties
PL1 Ten common bean varieties with bush growth habit were released in 2014. PL2 One black bean variety released in Nicaragua was subsequently recognized to have a degree of heat tolerance. PL3 Two medium duration groundnut lines (KDG 128 and JL 776) and one confectionary line (KDG 123, a selection from ICGV 04168) were identified for release in India in 2014. KDG 128 has moderate resistance to rust and late leaf spot disease. Notification proposals for these varieties are available at ICRISAT India. In addition seven varieties were released in Malawi four medium duration Virginia varieties (ICGV-SM 08501, ICGV-SM 08503, ICGV-SM 01724, ICGV-SM 01731) and three Spanish genotypes (ICGV-SM 01514, ICGV-SM 99556, ICGV-SM 99551) (plus two releases of new labour saving equipment: a stripper and lifter). PL4 Three soybean varieties released in Nigeria: TGx 1988-5F; TGx 1989-19F and TGx 1951-3F; two climbing bean varieties in Cameroon. PL5 no varieties were released in 2014 under PL5. PL6 Two new varieties of desi chickpea for ESA and two kabuli chickpea GLK28127 in India and
FLIP03-27C in Afghanistan and three varieties of lentil for SEA (FLIP2011-33L and FLIP2010-27L in
Afghanistan, IPL526 in India) have been released.
PL7 Four machine harvestable faba bean varieties, Hama2 and Hama3 in Syria, Didea in Ethiopia and
Santa Elena in Mexico were released. Four machine harvestable kabuli chickpea varieties, Garaja in
Azerbaijan, Saral in Iran, Vostok in Kazakhstan and Baraev in Russia have been released for
cultivation in 2014..
PL8 ICPH 3762 hybrid was released in Odisha state of India in 2014. This is the first report on release
of pigeonpea variety/hybrid in the state. 5 varieties and 3 hybrids are in pipeline for release in
different agro ecologies. Seed production technology for alfisols and vertisols was standardized
which encouraged public and private sector seed players to adopt the technology and produced
large scale commercial seed of hybrids.
Control agents
Biopestidices: Some 15 bacteria (genus Streptomyces) displayed 68─89% mortality by extracellular
metabolites and 59─71% mortality by intracellular metabolites against 2nd instar H. armigera under
greenhouse conditions.
Beauveria bassiana strain bb115 applied entomophytically to cowpea resulted in recovery rates of
up to 49% and 36% in leaf and stem tissue, respectively, achieved using standard PDA plating
technology
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Biocontrol agents: It was demonstrated by olfactometric studies that female egg parasitoids Gryon
fulviventre use olfactic cues emitted by adult male Clavigralla tomentosicollis, possibly aggregation
pheromones whose nature is being investigated.
New sources of variation and genetic markers
Chickpea: Heat tolerance (ICCV 93054, ICCV 91007, FLIP97-263C, S090694, S090812, S091352, S090315, FLIP93-146C, FLIP07-329C, S090243, S090341, FLIP07-310C); machine havestability (ICCV 03205, ICCV 03112, ICCV 04111 and ICCV 08102); machine harvestabilty combined with ascochyta blight resistance (ICCV 86836); resistance to herbicides - imazethapyr (ICCV 03104, ICCV 03402, ICCV 95138, ICCV 97115, ICCV 10), pendimethalin and alconifen (FLIP07-33C, FLIP08-256C, FLIP07-28C,
FLIP07-344C, FLIP08-69C and FLIP08-69C), and fusarium wilt (IG70283, IG 8914 and IG 9630); 11 lines with combined resistance to fusarium wilt and ascochyta blight (FLIP-01-40C, FLIP-01-47C, FLIP-01-52C, FLIP-01-57C, FLIP-03-125C, FLIP-01-24C, FLIP-01-58C, FLIP-92-148C, ICCV-96836, ICCV-10515, ICC-4182). The chickpea breeding line NBeG 47 which will be proposed for release in 2015, is suitable for mechanical harvesting as a candidate variety for release in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana States of India. It was at par in yield with the most popular cultivar JG-11 in 21 demonstrations conducted on farmers’ fields Common Bean: Most notable are the heat tolerant lines discussed in section A. Most are derived from interspecific crosses with tepary bean (P. acutifolius); more such crosses are being generated. Pythium resistant lines (required at high temperature) were identified in heat tolerance nurseries. Cowpea: Seven cultivated cowpea varieties (TVu-12432, TVu-5957, TVu-997, TVu-16514, TVu-15011, TVu-4806, TVu-13297) and five cowpea wild relatives (TVNu-1070; TVNu-1537; TVNu-1589; TVNu-1762 and TVNu-37) were identified as resistant to Striga gesnerioides. Faba bean: Tolerance to herbicide metribuzin [F5 /(Fam2-1-1 X F7/8984/05)-THTRTR-93-4, F5/(F7/8975/05 X sel2004latt.47-1)-THTRTR-23, F8/HBP/SOD/2000-2415/2009 and F5 (F7/8983/05 X sel2004lat393-1)-THTRTR-76]; suitability to machine harvesting and tolerance to herbicide metribuzin (TERPYT-016-1, TERPYT-016-3, TERPYT-017-6, TERPYT-032-4, TERPYT-032-5, TERPYT-038-8, TERPYT-049-1, TERPYT-058-4, TERPYT-058-6, TERPYT-064-4, TERPYT-067-1, TERPYT-071-4); resistance to parasitic weed Orobanche crenata (12B70024-2, 12B70028-3, 12B70031-1 12B70037-1 12B700463 12B70051-2, 12B70061-1, 12B70082-1, 12B70085-1, 12B70085-3). Groundnut: Two transformation events #5 and #6 overexpressing lipoxygenase gene (PnLOX3) have been evaluated under challenge infection in India by A. flavus under confined micro-sick plots. They are promising candidates for Aflatoxin management. The differentially expressed proteins of target genes are being characterized as possible new sources of low aflatoxin contamination. Genome wide introgression lines developed based on One interspecific cross, Tifrunner x ISATGR 40. 40 F1 seeds were generated have been used to generate BC1F1 seeds in 2014.Screening of a total of 120 markers covering entire genome completed on four parental genotypes of two wide crosses. A total of 94 polymorphic SSRs were identified. MAGIC population based on eight-way crosses were completed, F1’s raised in 2014 5800 F2 plants will be raised in 2014/15. Phenotyping for oil content in the F2:3 population derived from ICGV 07368 X ICGV 06420, and for fatty acids in F2:3 population of ICGV 06420 X SunOliec 95 R is completed Lentil: Screening of lentil germplasm and breeding material against heat, key diseases (wilt, stemphylium blight and rust), machine harvestable traits (pod drop, pod dehiscence, first pod bearing node height, plant height and tendril), parasitic weed (orobanche), and post emergence herbicides (Imazethapyr and Metribuzin) has resulted in identification of useful donors as mentioned in the detailed report. Suitability to machine harvesting (010S 96131-2, 010S 96134-3, 06S 53110-02, 010S 96130-1, 010S 96155-2, 06S 53110-03, 08S 40111-01, 08S 40106-01, 2009S 96102-7, 2009S 96501-5); resistance to herbicides - imazethapyr (ILL8112, ILL10865, GCP25, GCP54, GCP85, GCP95) and metribuzin (GCP95, GCP23 and GCP124); resistance to parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.) (ILL7686, ILL468,
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ILL590, ILL9951, ILL10657, ILL8114, ILL7990, ILL6015, ILL7946, ILL960090, ILL88527, ILL7726, ILL8107, ILL8111, ILL7982, GCP 15, GCP 35, ILL6991, ILL7934, ILL8068, AKM196, ILL8089), heat tolerance (ILL 221, ILL4902, ILL 8026, ILL4258, FLIP2009-55L, and ILL2507). Pigeonpea: Candidate gene(s) for A4 derived cytoplasmic male sterility were identified. Four-way multi-parent advanced generation inter-crosses (MAGIC) were completed during 2014. Stable obcordate leaf shape male sterile lines were identified and used to develop heterotic hybrid combinations. Seven waterlogging tolerant genotypes/hybrids were identified (ICP 5028, ICPH 2431, ICPL 87119, ICPH 2740, ICPL 149, ICPL 20241, and MAL 15). In Tanzania, among 102 (42 medium duration and 60 long duration) genotypes evaluated for yield and drought tolerance, eight genotypes were found promising. In Malawi and Mozambique, a total of 95 (35 medium and 60 long duration) genotypes were evaluated for yield and disease resistance, 18 genotypes were found promising. A total of 250 breeding and germplasm lines were evaluated for Phytophthora blight and eight lines (ICPLs 87, 85063, 11264, 11227, 11273, 99048, 99044, 20136) exhibited resistant reaction (<10% incidence). New Media
The Grain Legumes website has featured seven ‘lead point’ articles achieved at
http://grainlegumes.cgiar.org/lead-point/. In addition to these the regular ‘Grain Legumes FEED’
newsletter has been circulated among our stakeholders. A total number of 63 news articles, blogs
and announcements were updated on the Grain Legumes website in 2014. (Complete list with the
links can be accessed from http://1drv.ms/1DGpIej or the main index at http://1drv.ms/1Eyu0bo).
Genomic tools
Chickpea: Chickpea reference set (300 accessions) was re-sequenced at 5X to 13X coverage using
whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS); a comprehensive genetic map comprising of 1,013 marker
loci and spanning a distance of 723.64 cM was developed from ICC 4958 × ICC 1882 RILs and the
“QTL-hotspot” earlier identified for drought tolerance traits was saturated with 49 SNP markers (Mol
Genet Genomics, DOI 10.1007/s00438-014-0932-3), Four SSR markers (TA37, TA34, H4F03 and
NCPRG48) associated with leaf miner resistance in chickpea.
Lentil: lentil specific 57 EST-SSR markers have been developed (P-6 report). Lentil genome sequence
is expected soon with Canada and US as partners (http://knowpulse2.usask.ca/portal/project/Lentil-
genome-sequencing-%28LenGen%29%3A-establishing-a-comprehensive-platform-for-molecular-
breeding).
Pigeonpea: Promoter region of NAD7 candidate gene for A4 cytoplasmic male sterility was isolated
and cloned in pCR8/GW/TOPO TA entry vector. F2 mapping population segregating for fertility
restoration were developed. To understand the molecular basis of heterosis, bisulfite sequencing
libraries of two hybrids and their parental lines was generated. For construction of heterotic pools a
total of 104 pigeonpea hybrid parental lines were re-sequenced (3X to 5X sequencing data
generated per line). Re-sequencing data analysis of 20 parental lines (18 cultivated lines and 2 wild
species accessions) resulted in identification of 4,686,422 SNPs and 779,254
InDels.
Progress by Output Target
Annex 4 records progress by Output Target, and this is summarised
diagrammatically below for Output Targets that were expected to be achieved by
year 5 of the original program. Each horizontal bar represents an Output Target,
those missing were expected to be delivered more than 5 years after the start of
Grain Legumes. The bar ‘ahead of schedule’ would be maximal if this was
completely achieved already, while the bar ‘behind schedule’ would be minimal
if no progress had been made whatsoever. Note that in this version there are
many of these, but that is because the progress is not recorded in Annex 4.
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C.2 Progress towards the achievement of research outcomes and IDOs
Progress towards achievement of the outcomes corresponding to our IDOs is described in the
individual PL Reports, but these can be summarised in several broad categories:
1) The release and adoption of improved varieties and technologies.
All PLs (except 5) have participated in the release of new varieties, 42 in all, including one pigeonpea
hybrid, 13 common bean, 8 chickpea, 4 faba bean 3 lentil 10 groundnut and 3 soybean varieties.
In PL1 adoption studies have been undertaken and it has been shown that farmers in Tanzania and
Zambia grow an improved variety in one season and local varieties in another season or may grow
improved varieties in mixture with local varieties, presumably for risk management.
PL2 A bean variety released in Nicaragua was subsequently demonstrated to have a degree of heat
tolerance. Heat tolerant varieties of faba bean which can tolerate as high as 35oC temperature at
flowering turned out to be a boon to small holder farmers in Sudan, resulting in 50200 ha area under
faba bean with total production elevated to 122,000 tons in the last decade. Around 25000 families
are benefited from the usage of those cultivars with an average income of 4000 US$.
In PL3 technology promotion for promoting groundnut rosette management and aflatoxin
technologies and population and water management have been implemented in Tanzania. In Malawi
for PL3 we tracked adoption rates from 2012 to 2014 for groundnuts and found that area under the
crop had increased by 12.5 %; with groundnuts contributing about of 6% to agricultural GDP in 2014.
This is a remarkable contribution for a crop with a cost benefit ratio 4.6 compared to maize, tobacco
and soybean. This is well above the threshold of 1 required to benefits of any enterprise.
PL6 Over 161,882 metric tons (MT) of quality seed (breeder, foundation, certified and truthfully
labelled seeds) of improved chickpea cultivars was produced in South Asia (125, 499 MT in India; 113
MT in Bangladesh) and ESA (34,335 MT in Ethiopia; 1935 MT in Tanzania and Kenya).
For lentil, 26 VBSEs established producing 18.9 MT foundation and TL seeds of improved varieties in
Nepal, 16.7 MT of certified and TL seeds in Bangladesh and 970 MT in India.
Adoption study of improved chickpea cultivars in Dharwad and Gulbarga districts of Karnataka, India
revealed 65% and 1% of the total cropped area under JG 11 and BGD 103, respectively. In Andhra
Pradesh state, adoption of improved varieties (JG 11, JAKI 9218 and JG 130) has reached ~98%.
Adoption study in Sub-Saharan Africa indicated 57269, 18887 and 20683 ha area under improved
varieties of chickpea, lentil and faba bean in Ethiopia and 50050 and 16800 ha under faba bean and
chickpea in Sudan.
PL7 Over 382 MT tonnes of quality seeds of chickpea improved varieties, 73.7 MT of faba bean and
19.2 MT of lentil produced for distribution among farmers in Ethiopia. Adoption of faba bean
varieties (Misr3, Giz843) in Egypt has resulted in 25% increase in area and 30% in production.
PL8 In 2014 a large area of hybrid pigeonpea was cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,
Maharashtra, Odisha, Gujarat, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. The NARS partners, Department of
Agriculture, private seed companies, NGOs and progressive farmers played a key role in this mission.
The state governments of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra distributed hybrid seed on
subsidy to farmers to encourage hybrid cultivation. This has led to increase in productivity to 2.5
t/ha compared to 1.5 t/ha by varieties and 1 t/ha by local types in an area of 100,000 ha.
2) Participatory selection and demonstrations
Farmer participatory selection together with technology demonstrations either as cultivation
practices (eg PL5) or on-farm variety evaluations for groundnuts as well as production technology
evaluations (PL3) are widespread approaches within Grain Legumes. In PL1 Farmer Participatory
Selection (FPVS) was conducted in the 7 countries involved in TL II in PL6.
PL6: FPVS were conducted on improved chickpea varieties in India, Bangladesh, Tanzania, Ethiopia
and Kenya in addition to 1992 on-farm demonstrations on chickpea and 5169 on lentil. 26 village
based seed hubs were established in India, Bangladesh and Nepal for lentil seed production.
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PL8 3,200 on farm demonstrations were conducted in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra,
Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh states of India to demonstrate the performance of hybrids over local
and improved varieties and create awareness on hybrid cultivation among small and marginal
rainfed farmers.
In association with an EU-IFAD project several IPM sites in Romani province of Morocco are used for
demonstrating management options for diseases.
C.3 Progress towards Impact
We have highlighted two major impacts in section A above.
The heat tolerant bean outputs have potential for impact as reflected in the considerable media
attention and the outputs are summarised at:
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/61841/DEVELOPING_BEANS.pdf
also see for example:
http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/mar/25/heat-resistant-bean-climate-
change-cgiar
Boosting lentil production in Rice fallow in South Asia has been featured on CGIAR (www.cgiar.org)
and ICARDA (www.icarda.cgiar.org/update/leap-forward-south-asia) websites, and published in
Dailymail (www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2999843/QUANTUM-LEAP-Innovative-
India-comes-fore.html) and CNN iNews (http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-1215590).
A SPIA supported comprehensive study on impacts of short duration chickpea cultivars was
conducted in Andhra Pradesh State of India. The following are the highlights of the report published
(Bantilan et al. 2014. Short Duration Chickpea Technology: Enabling Legumes Revolution in Andhra
Pradesh, India; http://www.icrisat.org/what-we-do/mip/SPIA.pdf).
See PL6 report (http://1drv.ms/1FqamPK) for more details.
D. GENDER RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS 1.1 Gender inequality targets defined
In 2013 we established the Gender Strategy for Grain Legumes2, while in 2014 Grain Legumes
engaged Esther Njuguna-Mungai as gender specialist, who engaged in discussions with the Product
Line coordinators to establish ‘priority gender research’ in the CRP. After a series of meetings, the
gender specialist documented a proposed ‘Gender Implementation Framework’3 for the CRP, which
was presented to and adopted by the RMC in November 2014. The main focus of the research in the
CRP is proposed to be ‘gender gap in grain legumes production’. Activities identified to support this
focus include:
(i) Generation of evidence of the gender gap
(ii) Identification of indicators for tracking and monitoring the gender gap
(iii) Capacity building in support of the gender gap activities
Since this proposal was adopted in November, further activities will be reported next year.
1.2 Institutional architecture for integration of gender research in the CRP
In 2014, the CRP Grain Legumes appointed a gender specialist who joined service in the month of
April. The gender research component in the CRP has an allocated gender budget. The Gender
specialist has joined the CGIAR Gender Network and is representing the CRP in network wide
activities. The CRP grain legumes is participating on a global study on Gender Norms and Agency in
2 see http://1drv.ms/1h3rgV5 and http://1drv.ms/1h3rknG
3 see http://1drv.ms/1CRMak3
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Agriculture and Natural resources management by doing case studies in Tanzania, Uganda and
Ethiopia.
1.3 Gender research in the CRP
The CRP is starting a process of identifying focal points for gender research in each of the product
lines and forming a CRP Level network with them for capacity building activities and implementation
of gender research in each product line.
Consolidated reports of gender activities are available at http://1drv.ms/1J9iuD0.
An example of gender related findings from activities initiated under 1.1(i) above, from PL6, are
where the study on the evidence of a gender gap in lentil and chickpea value chain in Ethiopia has
found significant involvement of women in all aspects of farming activities in addition to their
reproductive (domestic) chores. The study found that extension service is male dominated.
Agricultural development would be more successful when extension agents pay attention to gender
issues, so training of extension workers in gender issues and communication skills with women is
important. Women’s access to extension services was less than men. Therefore, gender responsive
training (changing approach of training, timing of training and center of training) is important to
meet the needs and preferences of men and women for sustainable increase in production of the
crops and improve livelihood. For diffusion of information, social network is an option like Lemlem
Chefe kebele4 extension is given monthly through Idir5, particularly important who have less access
to formal extension service. In some areas team work (One to Five) approach is established and it
can be used as a means of technology and information dissemination. These mechanisms that
enable women to join groups include allowing women in MHHs and FHHs, non-land owners to be
group members; time arrangement to accommodate women’s workloads; ensuring that all women
have equal opportunities to say their concerns in group meetings. Women have limited bargaining
power on lentil and chickpea marketing, hence there is a need for smart gender-sensitive ways of
linking women farmers to markets through market information, linking with major commercial
actors, organizing women marketing groups, and training in marketing. FHHs and MHHs had
different access and control over resources and face different problem and will require different
types of agricultural technology, extension and development interventions. Women’s empowerment
is also important (women specific organization, like women cooperation) for the sustainable
development in the study areas which contribute to realize poverty reduction goals, millennium
development targets and sustainable development in Ethiopia. (FAO, 2011) argue that achieving
gender equality and empowering women in agriculture is not only the right thing to do. It is also
critical for agricultural development and food security. The results of the analysis indicate that both
men’s and women’s are knowledgeable about crop production and management, however most
women do better than that of males in lentil and chickpea production using indigenous knowledge.
Level of skill and knowledge and understanding of women on technology is limited due to their low
level of education. There is a need to include practical and field trainings, equip women’s knowledge
particularly women in MHHs through extension service on crop production and management
4 a small administrative unit in Ethiopia
5 community group
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E. PARTNERSHIPS BUILDING ACHIEVEMENTS The Grain Legumes Research Program engages with partners at all levels of activity. Partners are
represented in the Lead Center Governing Board (ICAR, CORAF), the Steering Committee (EIAR,
EMBRAPA, GDAR, ICAR, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), the Independent Advisory
Committee (APAARI, ASARECA, CORAF, FAO, and the Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources
Research Center), the Research Management Committee (ICAR) and for the implementation of many
bilateral projects. These partnerships are required for the management, priority setting and
implementation of the program. The links with INRA Morocco, LARI Lebanon, EIAR Ethiopia, ICAR,
India and ARC Egypt are important components of ICARDA’s decentralization program. Together
with regional associations such as PABRA6 these long-standing partners provide a formal mechanism
for the alignment of Grain Legumes with national and regional priorities.
A major new initiative for 2014 was the establishment of the Legume Scholars Program for which
students will initiate their studies in 2015. This program brings Grain Legumes, the USAID Legume
Innovation Labs and selected US Universities in a coordinated post graduate training network.
(http://grainlegumes.cgiar.org/legume-scholars-program-launched/)
2014 also saw the initiation of a competitive grants scheme that enabled several partnerships to be
established and/or strengthened (http://grainlegumes.cgiar.org/grants-call-for-proposals/) these
will come to fruition in 2015. In total 16 awards were made of which three included more than one
CGIAR Centre and 29 partner organisations.
The Swiss Development Corporation (SDC) renewed its commitment to the Pan-African Bean
Research Alliance (PABRA) for a 5-year period, assuring continuity in activities.
Public- private partnerships are at a range of scales and types of activity, including the National
Smallholder Farmers Association, Peacock Seeds, Agri-Inputs Suppliers Association and smallholder
farmers’ seed producing associations in Malawi involved in the groundnut value chain, which has a
focus on product quality. The pigeonpea hybrid parent seed consortium and the associated All India
Coordinated Pigeonpea Research Improvement Project on Pigeonpea (ICAR) is concerned with the
inputs for farmers while the partnership with Bio-Pyhto Collines in Glazoue, Benin (a self-help youth
agribusiness) has been established for commercial production of emulsifiable neem extract as part
of our biocontrol strategy.
F. CAPACITY BUILDING (1/2 page) Details of capacity building in Grain Legumes are listed in sections 13 to 16 of Annex 1. In summary
A summary of the training courses from Grain Legumes is given below:
No. of beneficiaries
Total Male Female
CIAT training courses 131,180 66,645 64,535
ICARDA training courses 10,237 9,031 1,206
ICRISAT training courses 10,9537 4,122 1,459
IITA training courses 1,746 1,474 272
Total CRP Grain Legumes Courses 149,231 81,582 67,689
See http://1drv.ms/1dvFjHc for further details.
6 http://www.pabra-africa.org/
7 includes 5,162 farmers not classified by gender
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Capacity building related to Gender
The hiring of one senior gender researcher (March 2014), and one scientific officer – gender
research who joined in January 2014, enhanced our capacity. The occasion of the ‘Open Forum’
meeting (http://grainlegumes.cgiar.org/open-forum/) in association with the International
Conference on Legume Genetics and Genomics and International Food Legumes Research
Conference was an opportunity for our Gender Specialist to interact with the Product Line
Coordinators. Disaggregated figures for women in various training programs are given sections 13 to
16 of Annex 1
G. RISK MANAGEMENT The major risks to the program derive from its financial instability. For 2014 the project was 28.5%
supported from W1+W2 funding and this has declined to 26.5% in 2015. W2 funding has remained
constant and supportive of the program, but W1 funding has declined considerably. In the extension
phase it is 25% of what was anticipated in the proposal document.
The CRP has had many logistical, organisational, governance, and research issues to deal with, but
the ability of the Research Management Committee to coordinate the program has been seriously
undermined by the loss of flexibility because of the increased reliance on W3 and bilateral projects
that are constrained by the agreements between the funder and the lead institution. This leads
irrevocably to a fragmentation of the program and loss of opportunity for synergistic interactions. It
seems almost inevitable that this will result in the break-up of the research on grain legumes within
the CGIAR in the second phase of CRPs which would institutionalise this fragmentation, reverting to
the pre-reform structures.
H. LESSONS LEARNED Analysis of differences from what was planned:
The PoWB for 2014 identified areas where the document anticipated no activity in 2014:
Item OTs Outcome
CA 2.4 No activities for 2014 N/A
3.2 PL 3, (SC2), Activity cluster 2: Approaches and methodologies for screening
drought tolerant low aflatoxin groundnut developed N/A
3.4 PL 3, (SC4), Activity cluster 4: Explorative R&D to improve aflatoxin and
drought breeding and management N/A
5.1 PL5, (SC1), Activity cluster 1: Updating knowledge on ecological interactions
between insect pests, plant hosts and the environment N/A
5.2 PL5, (SC2), Activity cluster 2: Developing and deploying durable insect-resistant
traits N/A
7.4 No activities for 2014 N/A
8.1 No activities for 2014. N/A
These indicated that the planning for the POWB missed some important intentions and that the
communication channels between the centres and the Research Management Committee need to
be strengthened.
I. CRP FINANCIAL REPORT The reports: L101 L106, L111,L121, L131 and L211
are presented in Annex 3.
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Annex 1: CRP indicators of progress, with glossary and targets CRPs
concerned
by this
indicator
Indicator Glossary/guidelines for defining and measuring the indicator, and
description of what the CRP includes in the indicator measured,
based upon the glossary
Deviation
narrative
(if actual is
more than
10% away
from
target)
2013 2014 2015
Target Actual Target Actual Target
KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, DATA
All 1. Number of flagship
“products” produced by CRP
Glossary: These are frameworks and concepts that are significant
and complete enough to have been highlighted on web pages,
publicized through blog stories, press releases and/or policy briefs.
They are significant in that they should be likely to change the way
stakeholders along the impact pathway allocate resources and/or
implement activities. They should be products that change the way
these stakeholders think and act. Tools, decision-support tools,
guidelines and/or training manuals are not included in this
indicator.
Specify what type of products, from above glossary, you have
included in the number indicated under 2013; if relevant specify
geographic locations
1. PL1 1 1
1. PL2
1. PL3
1. PL4
1. PL5
1. PL6 Village based seed hubs established. 15 16 26
1. PL7 A faba bean variety suitable for machine harvesting was released
for cultivation in Syria.
1. PL8 Village level seed cooperative society-1
Hybrid purity assessment kits -2
3
All 2. % of flagship products
produced that have explicit
Glossary: The web pages, blog stories, press releases and policy
briefs supporting indicator #1 must have an explicit focus on
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target of women
farmers/NRM managers
women farmers/NRM managers to be counted
Provide concrete examples of what you include in this indicator
2. PL1 1 1
2. PL2
2. PL3 1. Two prototypes and their local manufacture versions for a
Labour saving equipment (i.e. a sheller and a pod stripper) have
been submitted for release in Malawi and are being promoted in
East and southern Africa
2. Varieties with properties supportive of women’s role in farming
and households- early maturity, tastes and preferences,
processing and nutrition – oil content e.t.c.
a. Three Spanish groundnut varieties ICGV-SM 99556, ICGV-
SM 99551, ICGV-SM 01514 that mature within 100 days to
meet early food requirements in households were released
in Malawi.
b. 222 new lines varieties with short duration and/or and in
combination with high oil, large seeded and 50 new high oil
varieties were evaluated in India as pipeline or women
favorable traits (nutrition and food processing).
3. Leverage of community seed systems (number of women
accessing seed)
a. Community seed banks in Malawi, Tanzania used to
improved access to improved groundnuts by women
farmers. 45,000 farmers reached in Malawi in partnership
with farmer organisations.
2. PL4
2. PL5
2. PL6
2. PL7 100% see http://1drv.ms/1DGpIej
2. PL8 Women entrepreneurs involved in seed production. 6
All 3. % of flagship products
produced that have been
assessed for likely gender-
disaggregated impact
Glossary; Reports/papers describing the products should include a
focus on gender-disaggregated impacts if they are to be counted
Provide concrete examples of what you include in this indicator
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3. PL1 1
3. PL2
3. PL3 See indicator 2 above.
Farmers engaged in on-farm assessments of technologies for
better targeting (eg PVS), Women groups and allied farmer
association engaged in seed systems,
3. PL4
3. PL5
3. PL6
3. PL7 none
3. PL8 Women farmers will be scaled up in cultivation of hybrid seeds 55
All 4. Number of ”tools”
produced by CRP
Glossary: These are significant decision-support tools, guidelines,
and/or training manuals that are significant and complete enough
to have been highlighted on web pages, publicized through blog
stories, press releases and/or policy briefs. They are significant in
that they should be likely to change the way stakeholders along
the impact pathway allocate resources and/or implement activities
Based on the glossary, describe the types of outputs you include in
this indicator
4. PL1 3 4
4. PL2
4. PL3 Farmers/extension workers receiving information bulletins and manuals for aflatoxin management, productivity enhancement ( double up legume protocols, NARS breeders receiving MAS protocols
1. Multiplex PCR tool for groundnut rosette breeding activities
Anitha et al., 2014 Arch Virol DOI 10.1007/s00705-014-2139-7
2. Tracking progress in adoption of groundnut technologies and the outcomes against 2012 benchmarks ( ICRISAT Grian Legumes Archiva reports 2014.
3. Farmer participatory research to promote adoption and targeting of groundnut innovations in Asia, East and southern Africa and West and central Africa (ICRISAT Grian Legumes Archiva reports 2014).
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4. PL4
4. PL5
4. PL6 Extension bulletins on lentil production in local languages
developed
Mass media activities organized
24
39
2
40
4. PL7 • Chickpea breeding lines (e.g. ICCV 03205, ICCV 03112, ICCV
04111 and ICCV 08102) suitable to mechanical harvesting and yield
levels similar to or higher than the check cultivars developed.
• A chickpea breeding line ICCV 96836 with suitability to machine
harvesting and resistance to ascochyta blight identified.
• Twenty-two faba bean genotypes suitable to machine harvesting
and tolerance to herbicide metribuzin identified.
• Several chickpea breeding lines (e.g. ICCV 03104, ICCV 03402,
ICCV 95138, ICCV 97115, and ICCV 10) tolerant to herbicide
imezeathapyr identified.
• Six chickpea breeding lines tolerant to herbicides pendimethalin
and aclconifen identified.
• Thirty-two fababean genoypes tolerant to metribuzin identified.
• Seven lentil genotypes tolerant to herbicide imazethapyr and 4
to metribuzin identified.
• Two EMS-induced mutant lines (Mu-38 and Mu-418) of faba
bean variety BPL 310 were found tolerant to herbicide glyphosate.
4. PL8 Hybrid seed production manuals of pigeonpea will be published
Manual on hybrid cultivation practices including INM and IPM
Press releases and publications on transplanting pigeonpea
techniques
Electronic and print media on improved crop management
practices.
500
17
All 5. % of tools that have an
explicit target of women
farmers
Glossary: The web pages, blog stories, press releases and policy
briefs supporting indicator #4 must have an explicit focus on
women farmers/NRM managers to be counted
5. PL1 1 2
5. PL2
5. PL3 Number of women farmers benefiting from access to knowledge
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and new varieties during on-farm research and community based
seed systems
1. In West and Central Africa- 1590 women farmers attended
training on improved groundnut varieties, good practices for
groundnut production, post-harvest
2. In east and southern Africa-700 women farmers attended
training on groundnut production and aflatoxin management
including access to seed via community seed banks.
3. 120 tons of quality declared seed produced in Malawi, with 45,
000 farmers accessing seed by 2014
5. PL4
5. PL5
5. PL6 See in 4. PL6 50% 50% 50%
5. PL7 50%
5. PL8
All 6. % of tools assessed for
likely gender-disaggregated
impact
Glossary: Reports/papers describing the products should include a
focus on gender-disaggregated impacts if they are to be counted
6. PL1 0 1
6. PL2
6. PL3 Relationship between crop management and aflatoxin
contamination studied in Tanzania
1. A study on aflatoxin contamination from field-to-storage
over a six months- the common period during which farmers
store their produce shows 4 months as the maximum
inflection point to prevent further contamination of
groundnuts by aflatoxin. (Africa Rising 2014 Annual Reports
ICRSAT)
2. Groundnuts has a relatively benefit cost ration of has a
higher (4.6) benefit cost ratio compared to maize, tobacco
and soybean implying high benefits to especially women
farmers who growth the crop (See Msere et al., 2014 Grain
legumes Archival Report)
6. PL4
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6. PL5
6. PL6 none
6. PL7
6. PL8 At least one database that will have marker, genotype information,
maps, etc. Sequence data will be deposited in Open Access data
2
All 7. Number of open access
databases maintained by
CRP
Indicate the type of data bases (e.g., socio-economic survey data;
crop yields in field experiments…) you are reporting on in the
following columns
7. PL1 1 1
7. PL2
7. PL3 Socio economic survey data, gender survey data, linkages to W3
seed road-map implementation, selected research data, research
summaries such as archival reports for ICRISAT
7. PL4
7. PL5
7. PL6 Crop ontology of chickpea and lentil in IBP containing breeders
preferred traits
http://www.cropontology.org/ontology/CO_339/Lentil
Varietal release, human resource and research budget databases
for food legumes established for Ethiopia, Eritrea and the Sudan
Complete database of international nurseries of chickpea, faba
bean and lentil over the years
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B_4bwJOt2etZUDlSSm5iZk1G
d1U&authuser=0
1 1
1
1
7. PL7
7. PL8 Crop ontology of pigeonpea submitted to IBP containing breeders
preferred traits
All 8. Total number of users of
these open access databases
8. PL1 908
8. PL2
8. PL3 Number of visits and downloads from websites disaggregated by
users, continent and frequency of engagement
8. PL4
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8. PL5
8. PL6
8. PL7
8. PL8 as 7 24
All 9. Number of publications in For details see http://1drv.ms/1Ap1FyZ PL1: 5
ISI journals produced by CRP PL2:25
PL3:25
PL4: 9
PL5:16
PL6:14
PL7: 6
PL8: 8
1,2,3, 4, 6 10. Number of strategic
value chains analyzed by CRP
Clearly indicate the type of value chains you are reporting on in
the next columns
10. PL1 1 1
10. PL2
10. PL3 1. Groundnut grain value chain characterized for aflatoxin
contamination points in Tanzania (Africa Rising report 2014)
for Malawi, Zambia characterized (IFINIT and USAID feed the
future
2. Real-time tracking of adoption of improved groundnut
varieties in Tamil Nadu
3. Market channels, their efficiency and utilization patterns of
legumes in major legume growing and trading regions in
India (See ICRISAT Grain legumes Archival Reports ro 2014).
10. PL4
10. PL5
10. PL6 Food legumes value chain in Morocco 1 1
10. PL7 Faba bean seed system in Morocco 1 1
10. PL8 One value chain on producer to trader on hybrid pigeonpea 3
CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT AND
INNOVATION PLATFORMS
All 13. Number of trainees in
short-term programs
Glossary: The number of individuals to whom significant
knowledge or skills have been imparted through interactions that
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facilitated by CRP (male) are intentional, structured, and purposed for imparting knowledge
or skills should be counted. This includes farmers, ranchers,
fishers, and other primary sector producers who receive training in
a variety of best practices in productivity, post-harvest
management, linking to markets, etc. It also includes rural
entrepreneurs, processors, managers and traders receiving
training in application of new technologies, business management,
linking to markets, etc., and training to extension specialists,
researchers, policymakers and others who are engaged in the
food, feed and fiber system and natural resources and water
management. Include training on climate risk analysis, adaptation,
mitigation, and vulnerability assessments, as it relates to
agriculture. Training should include food security, water resources
management/IWRM, sustainable agriculture, and climate change
resilience
Indicate, from the above list, the general subject matters in which
training was provided
13. PL1 2913
13. PL2
13. PL3
South Asia
Mr Rictibert C. Pamunag and Mr Dennis DL Bihis,
completed four months training on groundnut breeding
and/or seed production techniques
East and Southern Africa
1. Nine (9) NARS staff (2 from Zambia, 4 Malawi, 1
Mozambique, 1 Tanzania and 1 from Uganda
2. 126 Lead farmers, extension staff, technicians and
researchers trained in seed production, aflatoxin
management and field experimental techniques in
Malawi.
13. PL4
13. PL5 Biological control against M. vitrata: 2 female trainees
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Biopesticides: 21 trainees from the ‘Licee agricole de Sekou,
Benin’, 14 males, 7 females
13. PL6 11 Group trainings on Pre-breeding and crop improvement in grain
legumes, IPM, Variety identification and maintenance,
Supplementary irrigation, community based seed production and
marketing, agronomic management, Data management and
statistical analysis and Innovation Platforms; On-farm Trials –
Design and Analysis; 7 field days an training program on legume
cultivation and seed production in SEA, ESA, and WANA
17295 10433
13. PL7 • Twenty-two male scientists participated in a training course on
“Pre-breeding and crop improvement in legumes” organized at
ICRISAT-Patancheru.
• Eighteen male researchers participated in a training course on
“grain legume improvement “ organized by ICARDA in Terbol,
Lebanon.
• Four male trainees participated in a course on variety
maintenance and village based seed enterprise in Morocco.
13. PL8 Conventional and genomic breeding, improved crop management
practices on hybrid cultivation and hybrid seed production
443
All 14. Number of trainees in
short-term programs
facilitated by CRP (female)
(see above, but for female)
14. PL1 9377
14. PL2
14. PL3 East and Southern Africa
1. Nine (4) NARS staff (1 Malawi, 1 Mozambique, 1 Tanzania
and 1 from Uganda.
2. 76 Lead farmers, extension staff, technicians and
researchers trained in seed production, aflatoxin
management and field experimental techniques in at
ICRISAT Malawi.
14. PL4
14. PL5 Biological control against M. vitrata: 2 female trainees
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Biopesticides: 7 female trainees from the ‘Licee agricole de Sekou,
Benin’
14. PL6 see 13. PL6 4,125 1,249
14. PL7 • Three female scientists participated in a training course on “Pre-
breeding and crop improvement in legumes” organized at ICRISAT-
Patancheru.
• Four female researchers participated in a training course on
“grain legume improvement “ organized by ICARDA in Terbol,
Lebanon.
• One female trainee participated in a course on variety
maintenance and village based seed enterprise in Morocco.
14. PL8 Conventional and genomic breeding, improved crop management
practices on hybrid cultivation and hybrid seed production
1,676
All 15. Number of trainees in
long-term programs
facilitated by CRP (male)
Glossary: The number of people who are currently enrolled in or
graduated in the current fiscal year from a bachelor’s, master’s or
Ph.D. program or are currently participating in or have completed
in the current fiscal year a long term (degree-seeking) advanced
training program such as a fellowship program or a post-doctoral
studies program. A person completing one long term training
program in the fiscal year and currently participating in another
long term training program should be counted only once.
Specify in this cell number of Master’s and number of PhD’s
15. PL1
MSc 5
PhD 1
BSc 2
MSc 16
PhD 14
15. PL2 PhD: 1, MS: 2 3
15. PL3 MSc= 3
PhD= 1
15. PL4
15. PL5 PhD: 8
MSc: 2
8
2
15. PL6 PhD: 3
MsC:2
1
2
3
2
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15. PL7 PhD: 4
MS: 2
BSc:1
4
2
1
15. PL8 PhD: 6
MSc: 1
6
1
All 16.Number of trainees in
long-term programs
facilitated by CRP (female)
(see above, but for female)
16. PL1 MSc 13
PhD 4
16. PL2 MS: 1
BS: 1
1
1
16. PL3 MSc 3
16. PL4 PhD: 1 1
16. PL5 PhD: 6 females
MSc: 3 females
6
3
16. PL6 PhD: 1 female 1
16. PL7 PhD: 1
MS: 1
1
1
16. PL8 PhD: 3
MSc: 1
3
1
TECHNOLOGIES/PRACTICES IN VARIOUS
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
All 18. Number of
technologies/NRM practices
under research in the CRP
(Phase I)
Glossary: Technologies to be counted here are agriculture-related
and NRM-related technologies and innovations including those
that address climate change adaptation and mitigation. Relevant
technologies include but are not limited to:
• Mechanical and physical: New land preparation, harvesting,
processing and product handling technologies, including
biodegradable packaging
• Biological: New germplasm (varieties, breeds, etc.) that could be
higher-yielding or higher in nutritional content and/or more
resilient to climate impacts; affordable food-based nutritional
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supplementation such as vitamin A-rich sweet potatoes or rice, or
high-protein maize, or improved livestock breeds; soil
management practices that increase biotic activity and soil organic
matter levels; and livestock health services and products such as
vaccines;
• Chemical: Fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides sustainably and
environmentally applied, and soil amendments that increase
fertilizer-use efficiencies;
• Management and cultural practices: sustainable water
management; practices; sustainable land management practices;
sustainable fishing practices; Information technology,
improved/sustainable agricultural production and marketing
practices, increased use of climate information for planning
disaster risk strategies in place, climate change mitigation and
energy efficiency, and natural resource management practices that
increase productivity and/or resiliency to climate change. IPM,
ISFM, and PHH as related to agriculture should all be included as
improved technologies or management practices.
New technologies or management practices under research
counted should be only those under research in the current
reporting year. Any new technology or management practice
under research in a previous year but not under research in the
reporting year should not be included.
Clearly indicate, from the list above, the type of technology and
geographical location that you are reporting on in next columns
18. PL1 Beans for dry bean market classes
Snap beans
Canning beans
Drought tolerant beans and cowpeas
Low fertility tolerant beans and cowpeas
Disease resistant beans
8
18. PL2 40 improved lines of lentil with climate smart traits in yield trials
24 improved lines of fababean with climate smart traits in yield
trials
40
24
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18. PL3 Biological: Lines entering national performance trials, new
populations developed
Evaluation of 222 new varieties with short duration and/or and in combination with high oil, large seeded and 50 new high oil varieties in eight replicated trials conducted in India
In Malawi, 8 entries each for Virginia and Spanish were included in 6 FPVS trials conducted in various parts of the country, in Zambia, a new set of 15 varieties were evaluated across four districts (Lundazi, Katete, Chipata and Petauke), in Mozambique, 6 genotypes included in 32 FPVS sites of 7 major groundnut-producing regions, in Tanzania, 12 FPVS were conducted in 2 Districts of Southern zone of the country and in Uganda 13 FPVS were conducted in 18 locations in 6 regions.
In Malawi, 8 entries each for Virginia and Spanish were included in 6 FPVS trials conducted in various parts of the country, in Zambia, a new set of 15 varieties were evaluated across four districts (Lundazi, Katete, Chipata and Petauke), in Mozambique, 6 genotypes included in 32 FPVS sites of 7 major groundnut-producing regions, in Tanzania, 12 FPVS were conducted in 2 Districts of Southern zone of the country and in Uganda 13 FPVS were conducted in 18 locations in 6 regions
Genome wide introgression lines developed based on One interspecific cross, Tifrunner x ISATGR 40. 40 F1 seeds were generated have been used to generate BC1F1 seeds in 2014.
Screening of a total of 120 markers covering entire genome completed on four parental genotypes of two wide crosses.
A total of 94 polymorphic SSRs were identified.
MAGIC population based on eight-way crosses were completed, F1’s raised in 2014 5800 F2 plants will be raised in 2014/15.
Phenotyping for oil content in the F2:3 population derived from ICGV 07368 X ICGV 06420, and for fatty acids in F2:3 population of ICGV 06420 X SunOliec 95 R is completed.
Three hundred and twenty RILs derived from TAG 24 x ICGV 86031 cross were evaluated in replicated trial under stress and no stress conditions during postrainy season at Patancheru, India.
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ICGV 02271 and ICGV 97183 identified as new sources of drought and low P tolerance.
Four genotypes (ICGV-SM 01514, ICGV-SM 03530, JL 24 and ICGV-SM 08538) found stabile under drought conditions in ESA
The varieties, ICG 227, Chico and ICG 92234 found to have low pod scarification and perforation hence low predisposition to fungal attack
18. PL4 Application of phosphorus fertilizer for increasing BNF in chickpea
and faba bean
1
18. PL5 South and Southeast Asia (SSEA)
Resistance in chickpea and pigeonpea germplasm to pod borer H.
armigera
Interspecific crosses in chickpea for improved resistance to pod
borer
Transgenic chickpea lines with resistance to pod borer
Entomopathogenic micro-organisms against the pod borer
Central and Western Asia and North Africa (CWANA)
Resistance to chickpea leaf miner
Resistance to chickpea pod borer
Seed dressing with chemical pesticides against aphids and stem
borer
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
Thrips resistance
Striga resistance
Biological control against the pod borer Maruca vitrata
Biopesticides against a broad range of cowpea pests
18. PL6 1. 36 promising breeding lines at 17 locations in India through
two international nurseries (ICSN-Desi and ICSN-kabuli).
23 36
2. 6 extra-early chickpea lines are under screening for biotic
stresses resistance
95 6
3. 252 (168 desi and 84 kabuli) breeding lines in PYTs and 136
(64 desi and 72 kabuli) breeding lines 32 elite lines of chickpea are under evaluation in various yield trials in India and 17 elite
49 439
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lines in Ethiopia and two elite lines each in Tanzania and Kenya.
4. 40 elite kabuli lines with early maturity identified for yield
evaluation and disease reaction.
200 40
5. 189 elite lines under seven international kabuli chickpea
nurseries in MET trials in 31 countries.
250 51
6. 233 elite lines under 8 International lentil nurseries under
testing in 30 countries
220 233
7. 23 extra early lentil lines are under preliminary evaluation.
6 23
18. PL7 1. Development of new breeding lines suitable to machine
harvesting in chickpea, lentil and faba bean.
2. Identification of additional sources of herbicide tolerance in chickpea, lentil and faba bean.
3. A whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS) approach has been initiated in chickpea to identify molecular markers linked to candidate genes responsible for herbicide tolerance.
4. Development of RIL mapping populations for tolerance to herbicides imazethapyr (ICC 1710 x ICC 14077) and metribuzin (ICC 1205 x ICC 14077) is in progress.
5. Identification of induced mutants for herbicide tolerance in chickpea.
6. Establishment of optimum seed rate and planting density for machine harvestable chickpea, lentil and faba bean varieties.
140
91
85
1
1
18. PL8 Seven waterlogging tolerant genotypes/hybrids were identified
(ICP 5028, ICPH 2431, ICPL 87119, ICPH 2740, ICPL 149, ICPL
20241, and MAL 15).
A total of 250 breeding and germplasm lines were evaluated for
Phytophthora blight and eight lines (ICPLs 87, 85063, 11264,
11227, 11273, 99048, 99044, 20136) exhibited resistant reaction
(<10% incidence)
In Tanzania, among 102 (42 medium duration and 60 long
7
250
102
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duration) genotypes evaluated for yield and drought tolerance,
eight genotypes were found promising.
In Malawi and Mozambique, a total of 95 (35 medium and 60 long
duration) genotypes were evaluated for yield and disease
resistance, 18 genotypes were found promising.
Five super early maturing pigeonpea lines namely, ICPL 20338,
ICPL 11255 and ICPL 20340 (in determinate group) and ICPL 20325
and ICPL 11301 (in non-determinate group) were identified as
promising to expand pigeonpea cultivation in different cropping
systems
Hybrid seed purity testing kits were developed for six hybrids
including two leading pigeonpea hybrids (ICPH 2671, ICPH 2740)
and four promising hybrids (ICPH 4503, ICPH 3762, ICPH 3933, and
ICPH 2751)
95
5
6
All 19. % of technologies under
research that have an explicit
target of women farmers
The papers, web pages, blog stories, press releases and policy
briefs supporting indicator #x must have an explicit focus on
women farmers/NRM managers to be counted
19. PL1 http://pabra-africa.org/corporatereports/Reports
http://pabra-africa.org/researchreports/Journal-articles
http://pabra-africa.org/corporatereports/Brochures-and-fliers
https://www.facebook.com/PanAfricaBeanResearchAlliance
https://twitter.com/_PABRA
5
19. PL2
19. PL3
19. PL4 Not for 2014
19. PL5
19. PL6 Extra early varieties with green pods 50% 50%
19. PL7 50%
19. PL8
All 20. % of technologies under
research that have been
assessed for likely gender-
disaggregated impact
Reports/papers describing the products should include a focus on
gender-disaggregated impacts if they are to be counted
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20. PL1 We have assessed the utilization and impact of improved bean
varieties in Uganda, Zambia and Southern highlands of Tanzania
for the period 2012-2013 .Both men and women farmers are likely
to adopt improved varieties, which is expected since adoption can
be at small scale, facilitated by small pack approach of seed
delivery (see Uganda impact highlight for Rwanda and Uganda,
Zambia and Tanzania technical reports available at: http://pabra-
africa.org/corporatereports/Reports
The community based seed delivery approach is under evaluation
in Ethiopia and Uganda for its social reach and sustainability under
MSC program at Makerere university. The drafting of one MSC
thesis in good progress.
2
20. PL2
20. PL3
20. PL4
20. PL5 Not for 2014
20. PL6 Improved varieties 50% 50%
20. PL7 none
20. PL8 50% 50%
All, except
2
23. Number of technologies
/NRM practices field tested
(phase II)
Glossary; Under “field testing” means that research has moved
from focused development to broader testing (pilot project phase)
and this testing is underway under conditions intended to
duplicate those encountered by potential users of the new
technology. This might be in the actual facilities (fields) of
potential users, or it might be in a facility set up to duplicate those
conditions.
Clearly identify in this cell the type of technology and the
geographical locations of the field testing/pilot projects reported
in next columns
23. PL1 1) Bean based food dietary combinations and or bean based
industrial products have been developed in 10 countries. These
are: Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Burundi,
Uganda, Madagascar, Kenya and Cameroon
2) Bean nurseries for niche markets ( snap beans in Kenya,
5 8
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Uganda, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Ghana and canning
beans in Ethiopia, Zambia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa,
Zimbabwe) tested on farm
3) Abiotic and biotic stress tolerant bush varieties include Latin
America info
4) ISFM work ( for example green manures and composting) in
Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Kenya, DRCongo,
Ethiopia, Madagascar(Boaz)
5) IDPM work has largely been on soil pathogens in Uganda,
Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Sudan
Beans for dry bean market classes
Snap beans
Canning beans
Drought tolerant beans and cowpeas
Low fertility tolerant beans and cowpeas
Disease resistant beans
Bean flour based products
Fertility management
23. PL2 Heat tolerant beans 1
23. PL3
23. PL4 N fixing climbing beans
Inoculants (CRP 4)
2
23. PL5 None in 2014
23. PL6 Two lentil elite lines identified for large scale demonstration
before release (LRIL-9-25 in Bangladesh, ILL7723 in Nepal)
2
23. PL7 Four kabuli elite lines (FLIP 01-29C, FLIP 07-211C, FLIP07-254C and
FLIP 08-193C in Morocco), two lentil lines (FLIP07-34L in Tunisia,
FLIP95-29L in Syria) in pre-release stage.
Chickpea breeding line NBeG 47, suitable for mechanical
harvesting and a candidate variety for release in Andhra Pradesh
and Telangana States of India, was at par in yield with the most
popular cultivar JG-11 in 21 demonstrations conducted on farmers’
fields.
6
23. PL8 Seed production in alfisols and vertisols 4
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Hybrids under transplanting technique
Under ICM technologies, 281 FPVS (131-Tanzania, 29-Malawi, 121-
Uganda) and 378 demos (98-Tanzania, Malawi-40, Uganda-240)
were conducted to identify farmer and consumer preferred
varieties that fit in to target regions in ESA countries.
3200 on farm demonstrations were conducted in Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh states of
India to demonstrate the performance of hybrids over local and
improved varieties and create awareness on hybrid cultivation
among small and marginal rainfed farmers
All, except
2
27.Number of
technologies/NRM practices
released by public and
private sector partners
globally (phase III)
Glossary: In the case of crop research that developed a new
variety, e.g., the variety must have passed through any required
approval process, and seed of the new variety should be available
for multiplication. The technology should have proven benefits
and be as ready for use as it can be as it emerges from the
research and testing process. Technologies made available for
transfer should be only those made available in the current
reporting year. Any technology made available in a previous year
should not be included.
Clearly identify in this cell the technologies/practices thus released
(scale up phase), the geographical areas concerned
27. PL1 Beans for dry bean market classes
Canning beans
Drought tolerant beans and cowpeas
Disease resistant beans
Bean flour based products
5
27. PL2 Heat tolerant beans 1
27. PL3 Seven groundnut varieties 3 Spanish and 4 Virginia varieties
released in Malawi. Several entered national released processes in
South Asia, West and Central Africa as well as Tanzania and
Uganda
27. PL4 N fixing climbing beans 1
27. PL5 None in 2014
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27. PL6 Two new varieties of desi chickpea for ESA and two kabuli chickpea
GLK28127 in India and FLIP03-27C in Afghanistan and three
varieties of lentil for SEA (FLIP2011-33L and FLIP2010-27L in
Afghanistan, IPL526 in India) have been released.
3
3
7
27. PL7 Four machine harvestable faba bean varieties, Hama2 and Hama3
in Syria, Didea in Ethiopia and Santa Elena in Mexico were
released. Four machine harvestable kabuli chickpea varieties,
Garaja in Azerbaijan, Saral in Iran, Vostok in Kazakhstan and
Baraev in Russia were released.
9
27. PL8 ICPH 3762 hybrid was released in Odisha state of India in the year
2014. This is the first report on release of pigeonpea variety/hybrid
in the state. 5 varieties and 3 hybrids are in pipeline for release in
different agro ecologies. Seed production technology for alfisols
and vertisols was standardized which encouraged public and
private sector seed players to adopt the technology and produced
large scale commercial seed of hybrids
9
POLICIES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
All 28. Numbers of Policies/
Regulations/ Administrative
Procedures
Analyzed (Stage 1)
Number of agricultural enabling environment policies / regulations
/ administrative procedures in the areas of agricultural resource,
food, market standards & regulation, public investment, natural
resource or water management and climate change
adaptation/mitigation as it relates to agriculture that underwent
the first stage of the policy reform process i.e. analysis (review of
existing policy / regulation / administrative procedure and/or
proposal of new policy / regulations / administrative
procedures).Please count the highest stage completed during the
reporting year – don't double count for the same policy.
Clearly identify in this cell the type of policy, regulations, etc. from
the above list
28. PL1
28. PL2
28. PL3
28. PL4
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28. PL5
28. PL6
28. PL7
28. PL8
All 29. Number of policies /
regulations / administrative
procedures drafted and
presented for
public/stakeholder
consultation (Stage 2)
….. ……that underwent the second stage of the policy reform
process. The second stage includes public debate and/or
consultation with stakeholders on the proposed new or revised
policy / regulation / administrative procedure.
Celarly identify in this cell the type of policy, regulations and so on,
and the geographical location of the consultations
29. PL1 Consultations Interactive process and experiences sharing from
representatives of countries neighboring Kenya resulted to policy
dialogue the outcome of this process is the likely use of Quality
Declared Seed (QDS) for legumes in Kenya. Pending are follow up
discussions with seed policy makers. This is a key step towards the
policy making process on QDS in Kenya.
The introduction of biofortification (as one of several options for
addressing micronutrient deficiencies) into existing country
nutrition strategies
2
29. PL2
29. PL3 Aflatoxin management, seed systems are two areas we can affect
29. PL4
29. PL5
29. PL6
29. PL7
29. PL8
All 30. Number of policies /
regulations / administrative
procedures presented for
legislation(Stage 3)
: … underwent the third stage of the policy reform process
(policies were presented for legislation/decree to improve the
policy environment for smallholder-based agriculture.)
Clearly identify in this cell the type of policy and the
country/region concerned
30. PL1 Though beans are staple food in Burundi with an annual
consumption estimated above 30 kg per capita, they were not
included the priority crops in the country , as result of interactions
1 2
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with the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, beans are being
considered to be among the seven priority crops
Rwanda presented for legislation a new policy draft for Food and
Nutrition (FN) that includes biofortification as a strategy
30. PL2
30. PL3 Aflatoxin management, seed systems are two areas we can affect
30. PL4
30. PL5
30. PL6
30. PL7
30. PL8
All 31. Number of policies /
regulations / administrative
procedures prepared
passed/approved (Stage 4)
: …underwent the fourth stage of the policy reform process
(official approval (legislation/decree) of new or revised policy /
regulation / administrative procedure by relevant authority).
Clearly identify in this cell the type of policy and the
country/region concerned
31. PL1 Rwanda Ministry of Health has approved a new policy draft for
Food and Nutrition (FN) that includes biofortification as a strategy
1 1
31. PL2
31. PL3 Aflatoxin management, seed systems are two areas we can affect
31. PL4
31. PL5
31. PL6
31. PL7
31. PL8
All 32. Number of policies /
regulations / administrative
procedures passed for which
implementation has begun
(Stage 5)
: …completed the policy reform process (implementation of new
or revised policy / regulation / administrative procedure by
relevant authority)
Clearly identify in this cell the type of policy and the
country/region concerned
32. PL1 Rwanda has begun the implementation of the new Food and
Nutrition policy signed by the Ministry of Health. For more details,
contact the Head of the Nutrition desk at the Ministry of Health,
Mr. Alexis Mucumbitsi - [email protected]
3
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A policy on school feeding program in Madagascar has been
established; the porridge flour is bean based. For more details
contact the National Coordinator of the National Nutrition Office
(ONN), Ms. RAOBELINA Holy Malala - [email protected]
The SADC Harmonized Seed Regulatory System was launched in
November 2014 and CIAT through SABRN is spearheading the
registration of bean varieties on the regional database to facilitate
ease of movement of varieties across the borders of member
countries
32. PL2
32. PL3
32. PL4
32. PL5
32. PL6
32. PL7
32. PL8
OUTCOMES ON THE GROUND
All 33. Number of hectares
under improved technologies
or management practices as
a result of CRP research
Clearly identify in this cell the geographic locations where this is
occurring and whether the application of technologies is on a new
or continuing area
33. PL1 Data provided here is based on 6 (TL2 Project participating
countries) these are: Ethiopia, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Malawi,
Tanzania, Kenya. Estimates for Ethiopia, Uganda, and southern
Tanzania are based on survey data while Malawi, Zimbabwe and
Kenya were estimated based on expert opinion. These are
estimated new areas.
431,782
33. PL2
33. PL3
33. PL4 258,334
33. PL5
33. PL6 South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa through on-farm
demonstrations of improved technologies in new areas in 398
1,880ha
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villages
33. PL7
33. PL8 Hybrid Pigeonpea cultivation by small and marginal farmer’s 100,000ha
All 34. Number of farmers and
others who have applied
new technologies or
management practices as a
result of CRP research
Clearly identify in this cell the geographic location of these farmers
and whether the application of technologies is on a new or
continuing area and indicate:
34 (a) number of women farmers concerned
34(b) number of male farmers concerned
34. PL1 A.
1,321,000
B.
776,000
34. PL2
34. PL3 Not done for all countries except in Malawi. Adoption of improved
varieties increased from 362.824 ha in 2012 to 375 991 2014 ha in
2014.
34. PL4 A.
179,000
B.
105,000
34. PL5
34. PL6 South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa through on-farm
demonstrations of improved technologies in new areas in 398
villages
10,217
34. PL7
34. PL8 number of women farmers
number of male farmers
20,000
40,000
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Annex 2: Performance indicators for gender mainstreaming with targets defined (see section D)
Performance Indicator CRP performance approaches
requirements
CRP performance meets requirements CRP performance exceeds requirements
1. Gender inequality targets
defined
Sex-disaggregated social data is being
collected and used to diagnose
important gender-related constraints in
at least one of the CRP’s main target
populations
See the CRP GL POWB for 2014 where
this is described by Activity Cluster, the
Product Line Reports
http://1drv.ms/1Eyu0bo and section D,
1.3 above.
Sex-disaggregated social data collected and used
to diagnose important gender-related constraints
in at least one of the CRP’s main target
populations
See the CRP GL POWB for 2014 where this is
described by Activity Cluster, Annex 1 and the PL
reports at http://1drv.ms/1Eyu0bo
And
The CRP has defined and collected baseline data
on the main dimensions of gender inequality in
the CRP’s main target populations relevant to its
expected outcomes ( IDOs)
The collation of this information remains
fragmentary and will be addressed further in the
Extension Phase. For 2014 we have initiated the
analysis of gender gaps together with the
establishment of baselines and indicatiors. Our
Gender Specialist has initiated relevant gender
training and awareness building within the
Research Management Committee.
Sex-disaggregated social data collected and used to diagnose
important gender-related constraints in at least one of the CRP’s
main target populations
See the CRP GL Product Line Reports
http://1drv.ms/1Eyu0bo
And
The CRP has defined and collected baseline data on the main
dimensions of gender inequality in the CRP’s main target
populations relevant to its expected outcomes (IDOs)
And
CRP targets changes in levels of gender inequality to which the CRP
is or plans to contribute, with related numbers of men and women
beneficiaries in main target populations
2. Institutional architecture
for integration of gender is in
place
- CRP scientists and managers with
responsibility for gender in the CRP’s
outputs are appointed, have written
TORS.
This was been done for the RMC and
PMU and Gender specialists in 2013
- Procedures defined to report use of
available diagnostic or baseline
knowledge on gender routinely for
assessment of the gender equality
implications of the CRP’s flagship
research products as per the Gender
- CRP scientists and managers with responsibility
for gender in the CRP’s outputs are appointed,
have written TORS and funds allocated to support
their interaction.
This has been done see the financial summary in
sections A and I
The CRP has revised its management structure for
the extension phase this has brought in new
people who contribute a greater diversity of
experience, age from the previous committee.
Four of the six new appointments were women
- Procedures defined to report use of available
- CRP scientists and managers with responsibility for gender in the
CRP’s outputs are appointed, have written TORS and funds
allocated to support their interaction.
The CRP gender specialist has initiated her programme of work (qv)
and has been influential for example in shaping the form of gender
work in the extension phase.
- Procedures defined to report use of available diagnostic or
baseline knowledge on gender routinely for assessment of the
gender equality implications of the CRP’s flagship research products
as per the Gender Strategy
This is not yet fully implemented throughout the CRP, but the
PABRA framework (developed at the start of the current phase 5
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Strategy
(see http://1drv.ms/1CRMak3 )
-CRP M&E system has protocol for
tracking progress on integration of
gender in research
The development of a CRP wide M&E
policy was initiated in 2013. The
development of a workable system was
initiated in 2014, but did not come to
fruition.
diagnostic or baseline knowledge on gender
routinely for assessment of the gender equality
implications of the CRP’s flagship research
products as per the Gender Strategy
This is under way in our gender workplan
(http://1drv.ms/1CRMak3) and this seeks to
inform and integrate gender analyses undertaken
at the level of Product Lines.
PABRA has one staff member who specifically
attends to gender.
-CRP M&E system has protocol for tracking
progress on integration of gender in research
No
years ago) explicitly prescribes the inclusion of gender evaluation in
all activities. This includes gender disaggregated data on technology
evaluation (participatory varietal selection; crop management
practices) and use (income generation; consumption) and training.
-CRP M&E system has protocol for tracking progress on integration
of gender in research
Although the CRP M&E system is not fully functional, PABRA has an
M&E official who systematically compiles gender disaggregated
data, although responsibility for data collection is distributed
among research staff. For example, data on seed distribution is
collected based on gender of seed recipients. This practice is
implemented widely with partners in seed dissemination, although
it is less practical with private sector partners who sell seed
commercially.
- A CRP plan approved for capacity development in gender analysis
This is part of the Gender Implementation Strategy.
- The CRP uses feedback provided by its M&E system to improve its
integration of gender into research
The CRP M&E system is not fully functional
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Annex 3: L-series Financial Reports Reference Description Comments page
Budget and Financial Reports
L101 CRP Cumulative Financial Summary
L106 CRP Annual Funding Summary
L111 CRP Annual Financial Summary
L121 CRP Grain Legumes Expenditure by
Natural Classification Report
Included mainly for reconciliation purposes and to eliminate double counting of CGIAR collaboration
costs; note that it is the net amount (i.e. expenses excluding CGIAR collaboration costs) which should
be used as the total for L111 and L131
L131 CRP Grain Legumes Themes Report Simplified - Source of funding no longer required; note that this report is still titled "Themes"; transition
is underway and some CRPs are already recording costs by Flagship Project. If that is the case for your
CRP, please change the title of the report.
Analytical Financial Reports
L211 CRP Partnerships Report
Notes
Most reports are for current year only. Exceptions are L101 which is multi-year (cumulative).
All reports shown here are for individual CRP's. The Consortium Office will prepare consolidated CRP reports.
Budget figures in all of the attached forms should be the annual confirmed budget (POWB) for the year.
W1/2 total will be as the Financing Plan notified by the Consortium Office, and W3/Bilateral the forecast prepared internally. Actual events since the signing
of the PIAs result in the budget per PIA no longer being a meaningful measure of performance.
For reporting purposes, please delete from L121 and L131 Centres not relevant to your CRP
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L101 Cumulative Financial Summary
Report L101
CRP No. 3.5- "Grain Legumes"
Period 01 July 2012 - 31 December 2014
Amounts in USD (000's)
Report Description
Name of Report: Cumuative Financial Summary
Frequency/Period: Annual
Deadline: Every April 15th
Cumulative Financial Summary
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L106 CRP Annual Funding Summary pt1
NB W3 funding from CGIAR Centres represent an internal transaction
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L111 CRP Annual Financial Summary
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L121 CRP Grain Legumes Expenditure by Natural Classification Report
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L131 CRP Grain Legumes Themes Report; Analytical Financial Reports
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L211 CRP Partnerships Report
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L211 CRP Partnerships Report part 2
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L211 CRP Partnerships Report part 3
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L211 CRP Partnerships Report part 4
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Annex 4 Progress towards Output Targets In section C1 the information below was summarised diagrammatically to illustrate progress at a glance. This is not a quantitative estimate,
but is a subjective estimation. The basis of the estimate is as follows: If an activity is expected to deliver the output target N years after 2014,
then it is expected to be about 1/N complete. A degree of completeness is assigned, and the ration of these is an estimate of how the OT is
performing against expectation. Note that this is not always expected to be a linear progression. In this ratio the values below 1 are behind
schedule and those ahead of schedule are greater than 1. The bars are then normalised in length so that fraction ahead and fraction behind
schedule are equivalent.
Comment Output Target
Description Progress
Year Phase
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
late
r
Dis
cove
ry
Pro
of
of
con
cep
t
Pilo
t
Scal
e u
p
OT 1.1.1
Data on consumption patterns of women and children orient efforts to meet nutritional needs of these groups
A preliminary report focused on common bean and based on LSMS (Living Standards Measurement Study) data of the World Bank for Uganda suggests that consumption is seriously limited by availability and price, whereby the well-to-do consumers spend twice (urban areas) to three times (rural areas) as much on beans as poor consumers. Contract with Virginia Tech has been let., and work plan developed. World bank data (LSMS) under study for relevance to respond to essential questions of consumption demand.
20
14
20
15
20
16
1
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OT 1.1.2
Specific aspects of soil constraints pinpoint priority plant nutrients
Collaboration with the project Optimizing Fertilizer Recommendations for Africa (OFRA) led to including a Mo treatment in the trial to determine if this element is limiting for nitrogen fixation. Agreement reached with OFRA project and seed being increased to include in fertility trials.
20
14
20
15
20
16
1
OT to be defined
OT 1.1.3
for The Pan-African Beans Research Alliance (PABRA): Phase IV
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OT 1.2.1
Breeding lines with 40% higher yields under severe stress in experimental conditions
2014 trials being planted. 36 interspecific (SEF) lines phenotyped for their adaptation to drought and acid soil conditions. Common bean drought tolerance trials included a trial of 80 lines (BASE: Bean Abiotic Stress Evaluation) under an international project administered by Penn State University. In all trials Pod Harvest Index, reflecting grain filling capacity under stress, was significantly correlated with drought yield, while root traits of basal root whorl number or basal root number did not affect drought response. Eight low fertility lines evaluated in soil with very low available P (3-4 mg kg-1) were superior in both low P stress and in drought stress. A set of 15 cowpea lines were examined at IITA Ibadan in pots to determine the responses of cowpea genotypes to low soil fertility, organic fertilizer and rock phosphate. Lines IT98K-205-8, IT99K-1122 and IT00K-1263 were, based on dry matter accumulation, responsive to rock phosphate but the remaining 11 were non responsive. IT96D-610, IT 90K-76 and IT 98K-131-2 were non responsive to mono potassium phosphate but the remaining 11 were responsive. ...
20
14
20
15
1
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OT 1.2.1 continued
... Relevant journal articles on common bean to drought and low soil fertility: Beebe, S.E., I.M. Rao, M. J. Devi, and J. Polania. 2014. Common beans, biodiversity, and multiple stresses: Challenges of drought resistance in tropical soils. Crop & Pasture Science doi.org/10.1071/CP13303; Rao, I. M. 2014. Advances in improving adaptation of common bean and Brachiaria forage grasses to abiotic stresses in the tropics. In: M. Pessarakli (ed). Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, Third Edition. pp. 847-889. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, USA; Abiotic stress responses in legumes: Strategies used to cope with environmental challenges” by Araújo S. S., Beebe S., Crespi M., Delbreil B., González E. M., Gruber V., Lejeune-Henaut I., Link W., Monteros M. J., Prats E., Rao I., Vadez V., and Vaz Patto M. C. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 06/2015; 34. DOI: 10.1080/07352689.2014.898450
20
14
20
15
1
OT 1.2.2
Breeders access and deploy intra- and interspecific diversity for edaphic adaptation with greater efficiency.
Crosses with lines suspected of having different mechanisms. Methods shared and work plans developed for root trait evaluation.
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
1
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OT 1.2.3
Yields of legumes increase by 20-40% among adopters in marginal areas.
Significant yield gains from new improved common bean varieties are found in Southern Tanzania (an average yield of 437 kg/ha higher than land races) and in Ethiopia (over 200 kg/ha where local checks are also improved varieties). Yield gains from improved bean varieties are conditioned to combining variety with crop management.
20
14
20
15
20
16
20
17
20
18
1
Due in 2014 - needs a reference to evivdence of completion
OT 1.3.1
A multi-pronged approach avails seed to hundreds of thousands of legume producers usually not served by commercial seed sellers.
20
14
1
OT 1.3.2
Adoption following mass dissemination by different methods is quantified
Out of 479 bean plots sampled in Zambia, 26.3 percent were cultivated with improved varieties. In Tanzania, pre-2002 improved varieties account for 42 percent of the total cultivated bean area compared to 15.9 percent occupied by more recent varieties.
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Production-and-marketing corridors in sub-optimal production regions are served by innovation platforms including diverse actors.
A report on production-to-market corridors of bean has been completed, defining and quantifying cross border trade down to variety.
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OT 1.4.2
Under-5’s benefit from locally produced nutritious legumes.
A bean-based porridge has advanced from the product definition phase to the product implementation phase in Uganda with the private sector and a national program nutritionist. Results of a feasibility study are reported under outcomes. A Madagascar bean study was conducted at two schools with anthropometric measurements taken at baseline and endline. The data generated showed a decrease in number of weight deficient pupils in the experimental group.
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OT 1.4.3
Legumes for industrial processing are marketed in at least 4 African countries
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OT 1.5.1
Local research is enhanced by improved infrastructure, knowledge of crop traits, selection techniques, improved statistical design, and enhanced capacity at all levels (technicians to scientists).
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OT 2.1.1
Research better targeted for developing heat tolerant legume varieties
FIGS sets in lentil, chickpea and faba bean developed and screened for heat stress. Field screening for heat tolerance under delayed planting and off-season conditions standardized and parameters for heat stress identified. Germplasm showing tolerance to heat stress in chickpea, lentil and faba bean identified. Tables by administrative units within countries with expected average temperature and production were constructed for 13 bean producing countries, to facilitate targeting heat tolerance work in common bean. Current results with common bean suggest that sufficient genetic variability exists to resist a temperature rise of at least 3oC. Using the EcoCrop program, this genetic gain was modeled into estimates of suitability of the bean crop in the future. Results suggest that this genetic gain can cope with increasing temperatures to the year 2080 or beyond.
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Higher precision and efficiency of breeding legumes for heat tolerance through integration of molecular and breeding approaches
QTLs associated with heat tolerance in chickpea identified. Pollen viability was quantified on a set of interspecific lines derived from common bean and Phaseolus acutifolius . These presented from 10 to 80% viability.
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OT 2.2.2
see OT 7.2.11
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OT 2.3.1
Farmers grow heat tolerant cultivars.
A line that was recognized to possess an intermediate level of heat tolerance in Colombia, SEN 52, was released in Nicaragua for low altitude production areas, and is performing well in Costa Rica in conditions of drought.
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NARS breeding programs more efficiently breed legume cultivars with tolerance to heat stress
Training on “grain legume improvement was organized by ICARDA for 22 NARS partners (4 women)
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NARS and ICRISAT Groundnut research programs better targeted for drought and aflatoxin management
SA. Baseline surveys for introduction of short-duration, drought tolerant groundnut improved cultivars in Odisha, India. Real-time tracking surveys of groundnut improved cultivars in Tamil Nadu, India
ESA. Studies to track progress in adoption of groundnut technologies and the outcomes against 2012 benchmarks completed.
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More efficient and effective techniques and genetic resources for breeding high drought tolerance, better nutritional quality and low or nil aflatoxin genotypes available deployed.
ICGV 02271 and ICGV 97183 identified as new sources of drought and low P tolerance.
Four genotypes (ICGV-SM 01514, ICGV-SM 03530, JL 24 and ICGV-SM 08538) found stabile under drought conditions in ESA
The varieties, ICG 227, Chico and ICG 92234 found to have low pod scarification and perforation hence low predisposition to fungal attack
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NARS and ICRISAT breeders use better genetic sources for high drought tolerance, better nutritional quality and low or nil aflatoxin breeding.
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OT 3.3.2
Transgenic resources for aflatoxin management validated for deployment
Two transformation events #5 and #6 overexpressing lipoxygenase gene (PnLOX3) have been evaluated under challenge infection in India by A. flavus under confined micro-sick plots. They are promising candidates for Aflatoxin management. The differentially expressed proteins of target genes are being characterized
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Researchers use candidate genomic tools to targeted trait breeding in groundnut
Genome wide introgression lines developed based on One interspecific cross, Tifrunner x ISATGR 40. 40 F1 seeds were generated have been used to generate BC1F1 seeds in 2014.
Screening of a total of 120 markers covering entire genome completed on four parental genotypes of two wide crosses.
A total of 94 polymorphic SSRs were identified.
MAGIC population based on eight-way crosses were completed, F1’s raised in 2014 5800 F2 plants will be raised in 2014/15.
Phenotyping for oil content in the F2:3 population derived from ICGV 07368 X ICGV 06420, and for fatty acids in F2:3 population of ICGV 06420 X SunOliec 95 R is completed.
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OT 3.4.1
Fundamental knowledge to underpin drought tolerance and low aflatoxin breeding generated and or validated.
Parameterization of 10 chickpea and 10 groundnut genotypes for phyllochron, leaf canopy development and RUE, and run simulation to test the value of water saving traits on yields
Three hundred and twenty RILs derived from TAG 24 x ICGV 86031 cross were evaluated in replicated trial under stress and no stress conditions during postrainy season at Patancheru, India.
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Improved functionality of national seed systems generated for scaling up and out purposes.
Formal completion of electronic seed information management systems for Malawi for use by the public seed services unit
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OT 3.5.2
Targeted capacity strengthening of NARS partners for breeding and technology delivery related activities.
WCA- 1590 women farmers attended training on improved groundnut varieties, good practices for groundnut production, post-harvest management
ESA. Graduate training- hosting four MSc students 2 from Malawi and 2 from Zambia based.
ESA. Thirteen (13) NARS staff ( 2 from Zambia, 5 Malawi, 2 Mozambique, 1 Tanzania and 3 from Uganda) were trained on Breeding Management Systems
In Malawi a total of 15 farmer organisation Field Officers, 65 lead farmers, 35 Government Extension Officers trained on groundnut agronomy
SA. Two researchers from Philippines completed 4-months training
SA. Two PhD students are conducting research on (a) genetics of Fe and Zn and (b) phenotyping of GS
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OT 4.1.1
Lines and rhizobial strains with key climatic and soil traits available for breeders and other scientists
The role of phosphorus in improving rhizobium efficiency determined in chickpea and faba bean. Six chickpea and nine faba bean genotypes with high BNF across environments identified. Grain samples from drought trials of 36 Mesoamerican beans and 36 Andean beans were analyzed by 15N natural abundance method to assess levels of N fixation. Several Mesoamerican genotypes derived 40% of their N from fixation under irrigated conditions, but this was reduced to 25% or less, while drought tolerant Phaseolus acutifolius fixed almost nothing under drought stress. Andean genotypes derived about 35% among the better genotypes under irrigation but surprisingly were less sensitive to drought, with several obtaining 30% of N from fixation under stress. The behavior of P. acutifolius suggests that internal controls of fixation may play a role. Analysis of grain by 15N natural abundance method is proposed as an alternative to analysis in biomass. Ninety-eight RILs and two parental lines were grown under two levels of P fertilization (10 and 30 kg ha-1) in an acid oxisol. Low P did not affect % N derived from atmosphere (Ndfa). Three QTL for Ndfa were identified at high P, and 1 at low P.
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Breeders access sources of SNF with salinity tolerant traits
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OT 4.2.2
High nodulating and nitrogen fixing rhizobia identified and characterized
Paper on climbing beans in review process Two efficient rhizobium strains, CP-70 and CP-125 in chickpea and FB-418 and FB-419 in faba bean identified in terms of nodulation, biomass and seed yield.
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Rhizobium producers incorporate superior strains in commercial products. Farmers have access to improved rhizobial strains.
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PGP traits of efficient rhizobial strains are known and shared with NARS partners
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OT 4.2.5
Breeders have access to Improved sources of SNF with tolerance to other stresses
A climbing bean trial was carried out in 2014 in Darien, Colombia with 100 genotypes. Six genotypes were identified as superior in their nodulation ability, of which 3 presented higher grain yield (more than 4 ton ha-1).
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Farmers satisfied and regain confidence in SNF technology.
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Efficient mass multiplication technology will be characterized and shared with NARS partners
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Farmers enhance household income through improved market channels
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Research technicians and progressive women farmers are well equipped with knowhow of SNF and conscious of the quality of commercial rhizobial products
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OT 5.1.1
Historical data are updated to reflect recent changes in pest profiles (e.g. invasive species) and ecological interactions with host plants and natural enemies, as influenced by climate change
Surveillance data of the past twenty years on key insect pests of groundnut, chickpea, and pigeonpea indicated a cyclic variation, particularly of sucking pests. Critical analysis of S. litura adult pheromone catches indicated that pheromone trap catches of up to 47th standard week predicted population in the 52nd standard week based on relative humidity and minimum temperature as independent variables. Observations on thrips population on groundnut for two decades clearly showed a shift in their occurrence, particularly during the post rainy season.
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Breeders have access to new sources of durable resistance to key insect pests which can produce in average 30% more yield and need 50% less insecticide sprays
SSR markers associated with Leaf miner resistance in chickpea were reported for the first time, and this might help guide and improve the use of MAS to speed up the conventional breeding for resistance to this pest. A number of pigeonpea genotypes showed high levels of recovery resistance (score 2.5 to 6.0) to pod borers. The genotypes which exhibited good recovery resistance also had high grain yield (>1800 kg/ha).
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OT 5.3.1
Farmers can make informed decisions about IPM options to be deployed depending on a variety of agronomic and environmental factors
Celest ®Top has been registered in 2014 as a seed dressing pesticide for the control of cereal and food legume pests in Morocco. Three pigeonpea cultivars and a hybrid were supplied to 850 farmers in Telangana State during the 2014-15 rainy season for testing pest resistant and high yielding cultivars on farmers fields.
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Good quality, efficient beneficial organisms including bio-pesticides and biocontrol agents are commercially available to legume farmers at competitive prices with respect to conventional pesticides
Discovery of Cyclo(Trp-Phe) in
genus Streptomyces that
kills/controls the pod borer
Helicoverpa armigera .
Beauveria bassiana strain bb115
applied endophytically to
cowpea resulted in recovery
rates of up to 49% and 36% in
leaf and stem tissue,
respectively, achieved using
standard PDA plating
technology. Olfactometric studies have revealed that female egg parasitoids Gryon fulviventre use olfactic cues emitted by adult male Clavigralla tomentosicollis, possibly aggregation pheromones whose nature is being investigated.
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Women, men and youths are trained in the various aspects of IPM development and deployment in the field
A total of 14 PhD (6 females and 8 males) and 5 MSc trainees (3 females and 2 males), 4 NARS visiting scientists (all males)
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OT 6.1.1
A report on constraints and opportunities for expansion of extra-early chickpea and lentil varieties in target areas and cropping systems made available
The impact report on improved cultivars of chickpea in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states of India is under peer review and finalization. First draft of suitability map of grain legumes in South Asia developed. Report on varietal release, human resource and research budget databases for food legumes established for Ethiopia, Eritrea and the Sudan. Adoption rate of improved varieties of different pulses crops worked out. Lentil ontology involving agronomical (22), morphological (14), physiological (6), biotic stress tolerance (11), abiotic stress tolerance (8) and quality (4) traits prepared and uploaded to integrate with BMS program of GCP.
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Better targeting for extra early varieties
Model assessment of phenology and yield of lentil completed through simple simulation model for lentil development, growth and yield in East Africa.
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OT 6.2.1
Extra-early diverse germplasm with resistance to key biotic and abiotic stresses identified
Forty-five new crosses made in chickpea to combine earliness with other desired agronomic traits. Forty-seven single plants from 11 F4 populations and six progenies from 46 F7 progenies were selected and advanced. Thirty-six promising breeding lines were supplied to 17 NARS partners in India through international nurseries (ICSN-Desi and ICSN-kabuli). A set of 96 chickpea genotypes from composite collection were sequenced using whole genome sequencing approach. A total of 15 new crosses were made in chickpea to combine earliness with Ascochyta blight (AB) and other desired agronomic traits. Based on earliness, 198 and 145 single plants were selected from 239 F3 populations and 166 F5 progenies, respectively. A set of 337 chickpea advanced lines were screened for resistance to local strains of Ascochyta blight (AB) in Morocco. 408 chickpea lines resistant to leaf miner were evaluated for Ascochyta blight reaction in Morocco to identify genotypes with combined resistance. 81 lentil breeding lines were screened agasint Stemphylium blight and rust at the hot spot in West Bengal, India to identify resistance sources. A total of 112 early maturing lentil lines with resistance to ascochyta blight and rust selected from 46 F3 populations at the hotspot in Dhaulakuan during 2014
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OT 6.2.1 continued Extra-early diverse germplasm with resistance to key biotic and abiotic stresses identified
FIGS set of lentil germplasm (136 accessions) for Fusarium wilt has been developed for screening in wilt sick plot. Thirty-six advanced breeding lines of desi (18 lines) and kabuli (18 lines) were supplied through two International Chickpea Screening Nurseries (ICSN Desi and ICSN-Kabuli) to 17 locations in India. Twenty two BC3F5 introgression ICCV 10 lines with QTL hotspot for drought related traits were evaluated at 4 locations in India under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Promising lines were identified at each location. At ICRISAT-Patancheru these introgression lines gave 16-29% higher seed yield than ICCV 10 under rainfed conditions and 16-44% higher yield under irrigated conditions. A total of 168 desi and 84 kabuli breeding lines were evaluated in PYTs) and 62 desi and 40 kabuli entries were selected for evaluation under AYTs. A total of 64 desi and 72 kabuli breeding lines were evaluated under AYTs and 18 desi and 18 kabuli breeding lines were selected for development of international chickpea screening nurseries (ICSNs). Multiple disease resistance was found for wilt, AB and BGM in eight breeding lines in chickpea.
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OT 6.2.1 continued Extra-early diverse germplasm with resistance to key biotic and abiotic stresses identified
A set of 300 advanced lines of kabuli chickpea were developed and evaluated in addition to three AYTs each with 64 entries to assess yield potential of early maturing lines. Seven international kabuli chickpea nurseries (CIENS-15, CIEN-SL1-15, CIEN-SL2-15, CIABN-15, CIFWN-15, CILMN-15, CIDTN-15) with specific traits were prepared and shared with NARS partners of South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and CWANA region. Total 755 lentil breeding lines were multiplied for international nurseries besides PYTs and AYTs. Eight International lentil nurseries with 36 elite lines in each nursery (LIEN-Y-15, LIEN-R-15, LIEN-E-15, LIMN-15, LIDTN-15, LIFWN-15, LIRN-15, LIABN-15) were prepared and shared with partners in South Asia and Africa.
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OT 6.2.2
Novel genes for earliness and molecular markers linked to these genes identified
Parents, F1 and F2 of four crosses involving four early flowering female lines (ICC 16641, BGD 132, Harigantras, and ICCV 96029) and one late flowering male (CDC Frontier) in chickpea were evaluated for flowering time. The parental lines were genotyped using SNP and SSR markers and polymorphic markers (126 to153) were identified between parents of each cross. An early flowering chickpea genotype ICC 16644 was crossed with four large seeded kabuli genotypes (JGK 2, KAK 2, KRIPA and ICC 17109) to study the relationship and type of gene action involved in controlling phenology and seed yield traits. WGRS data were generated for 129 lines and RAD sequence data (0.80X) on 11 lines in chickpea. Alignment of sequence data to the draft genome sequence of chickpea has provided >1.3 Million SNPs in genome, >108 K in mRNA and >42 K in CDS regions. MABC was undertaken to pyramid Fusarium wilt (FW) and Ascochyta blight (AB) resistance in chickpea genotype C214 through foreground selection with associated markers (5 for FW and 4 for AB). Twenty-four desi chickpea gene sequences with known or predictable phenotypes were identified bioinformatically to assess the mutation frequency of chickpea TiLLING platform. A set of 181 lines derived from ILC588 X ILC3279, were evaluated in 10 environments and three major QTLs on LG1, LG3, and LG4 for early flowering identified. F1, F2 populations of 15 lentil crosses involving extra early, early and late (ILL1005) parents were advanced to study gene action in phenology traits. Two
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OT 6.2.3
Integrated crop management practices for extra-early varieties for short season environments developed
44.4 tons of breeder seed (BS), 12.6 tons of foundation seed (FS), 246.0 tons of certified seed (CS), and 411.1 tons of truthfully labelled seed (TL) was produced during the post-rainy season 2013-14. Public sector produced 634.3 tons of FS and 10,126.0 tons of CS and farmers produced 30.2 tons of TL seed during post-rainy season 2013-14. A total of 520 seed samples of varying sizes were distributed to farmers. Village based seed enterprise (VBSE) established to tackle the seed constrains in the region of Telangana. The project farmers were trained in principles and objectives of VBSE, seed production methods, and seed storage and marketing especially seed business. 18.9 t Foundation & TL seeds of Simal, MP Bharati, Khajurah-1, ILL 7723, Shital produced in Nepal, and 16.7 t of certified and TL seeds of BariMasur 4, BariMasur 5, BariMasur 6 and BariMasur 7 in Bangladesh and 970 t seed of HUL 57, PL6, KLS 218, NDL1, IPL 406, and Pusa Vaibhav in India produced for distribution to farmers in India.
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Seed availability of extra-early varieties enhanced
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Information seed production of improved varieties established
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OT 6.3.3
Production of chickpea and lentil enhanced through adoption of improved varieties
A total of 3240 farmers, 229 villages and 689 ha of land were covered with improved production technologies of chickpea, lentil and grasspea under OCP-ICARDA project. Total 987 on-farm demonstrations (PVS, ICPT, VLSS) were conducted in RRFL of 48 villages in 2 target districts -Ranchi and Palamau in Jharkhand. In VLSS, ~30 tons of seeds of improved chickpea and other crop varieties were produced. A total of 1535 farmers including 494 women farmers in Nepal, and 2255 farmers in Bangladesh and 3930 farmers in India were trained through organization of field days and training programs on lentil improved technologies. Five lentil varieties were demonstrated in eight districts of Nepal and three varieties in 10 districts in Bangladesh and 10 varieties in 175 villages in India. On an average, improved varieties and technologies gave yield advantage of 37% in Nepal, 53% in Bangladesh, and 42% in India. A total of 527 male and 299 women farmers were involved in Nepal and 911 farmers took part in demonstrations in Bangladesh. A total of 1065 ha area have been covered with the active involvement of 3743 farmers in 175 villages in India. In Ethiopia, four varieties of chickpea (Areri, Habru, Shasho, Minjar, Natoli) and two of lentil Alemaya, Derso) were multiplied on 278 ha involving 1112 farmers (13.5% female) producing 715 tons of seed.
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OT 6.4.1
Enhanced marketing of chickpea for immature green grains as a vegetable
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Rural livelihood improved through extra income
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Capacity of stakeholders on aspects related to development and cultivation of extra early legumes strengthened
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NARS programs strengthened in development of appropriate varieties
Six collaborators from India and two each from Bangladesh and Nepal trained on legumes improvement from 20 -30 April 2014. Six PhD and one Master degree students pursuing research on various aspects of legumes production.
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A report on scope and implications of the cultivation of herbicide tolerant legume cultivars and mechanical harvesting of legumes, including potential impacts on farm women, prepared
A study on evaluation of constraints and prospects of mechanical harvesting and herbicides use in chickpea in northern Karnataka has been completed (OT 7.1.1). The report writing is in progress.
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Research better targeted for developing herbicide tolerant machine-harvestable legume varieties sensitive to gender determined needs
A field survey among chickpea growing farmers in two districts (Gulbarga and Dharwad) of Karnataka state of India revealed that the labor cost was on a rising trend over the years due to increasing labor scarcity and it currently accounts for about 32% of the total variable cost incurred in chickpea cultivation.
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OT 7.2.1
Germplasm sub-sets and breeding lines screened for herbicide and parasitic weed tolerance
M3 populations from three chickpea genotypes (JG 11, KAK 2, and ICCV 95333) were screened for tolerance to herbicide imazethapyr (Pursuit: BASF) at ICRISAT-Patancheru. 300 chickpea genotypes were screened for tolerance to herbicide imazethapyr (Pursuit: BASF) at four locations in India. 30 herbicide tolerant chickpea genotypes selected from previous screenings were evaluated for tolerance to herbicide imazethapyr (Pursuit: BASF) at seven locations in India. Screened 287 faba bean M4 mutant lines derived from EMS BPL310 to assess tolerance against three glyphosate and identified two tolerant genotypes Mu-38 and Mu-418 identified. 100 chickpea breeding lines were screened against glyphosate, pendamethalin and Aclonfen. Six genotypes identified as tolerant to Pendimethalin and Aclonfen. 32 fababean genoypes tolerant to Metribuzin were identified among 250 lines evaluated. 7 lentil genotypes tolerant to Imazethapyr and 4 to Metribuzin identified from screening 790 genotypes at three locations. 308 faba bean lines tolerant to Orobanche weed identified. 15 lentil lines with tolerance to Orobanche weed identified
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OT 7.2.2
Plant type for machine harvest and genotypes with desired traits identified
100 tall and erect breeding lines were evaluated at four locations in India and five promising genotypes identified.
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Candidate genes and molecular markers identified and validated for herbicide tolerance in chickpea, faba bean and lentil
1) A whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS) approach has been initiated in chickpea to identify molecular markers linked to candidate genes responsible for herbicide tolerance. 2) Development of RIL mapping populations for tolerance to herbicides imazethapyr (ICC 1710 x ICC 14077) and metribuzin (ICC 1205 x ICC 14077) was initiated in chickpea. 3) Using an in silico mapping approach, positions of 39 candidate genes for flowering time and architecture traits were identified in chickpea.
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Molecular markers identified and validated for parasitic weed tolerance in faba bean and lentil
RIL and TILLING populations in progress (A review of TiLLING within the CRP is underway)
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Transgenic events generated and evaluated for herbicide tolerance in chickpea
The studies are in progress in chickpea to optimize transgenes P450, which are known to confer resistance to a wide range of post-emergence herbicides. In addition, transformation of model species Nicotiana benthamiana was carried out with these genes to test their functionality.
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OT 7.2.6
At least 15 breeding lines suitable for machine harvest developed each in chickpea, faba bean and lentil
20 advanced breeding lines of chickpea with tall and erect growth habit were evaluated for yield performance at four locations in India and eight promising lines were selected. Eight promising genotypes were selected. 150 advanced breeding lines tested for machine harvestability and 15 lines were amenable to the existing machine. 25 advanced breeding lines of lentil evaluated for yield performance in preliminary yield trial and six genotypes selected for advanced yield trials
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At least 10 breeding lines combining herbicide tolerance and traits suitable for machine harvest developed each in chickpea, faba bean and lentil
In chickpea, 30 crosses were made for enhancing herbicide tolerance and 48 crosses for developing breeding lines suited to mechanical harvesting. The F1s were advanced and F2 seeds were harvested. 22 faba bean genotypes with machine harvest traits and tolerance to Metribuzin identified. In lentil, 46 crosses were made for combining traits for machine harvest and Orobanche tolerance. F1 are planted in off-season for generation advancement. International Machine harvest nursery in Faba bean and lentil initiated.
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OT 7.2.8
Appropriate harvest machines, herbicides and cultural practices assessed for target legumes
An agronomic study on two row spacing and three seed rates was conducted on two tall and erect genotypes of chickpea. The highest yield was obtained in the genotypes HC 5 sown in 22.5 cm wide rows using 50 kg/ha seed rate. A study was conducted on 12 weed control treatments on five chickpea genotypes. Herbicides quizalofop ethyl (Targa Super 5 EC) and clodinafop (Topik 15 WP) were safe to chickpea genotypes, but Carfentrazone ethyl (Affinity 40 DF) and metribuzin (Sencor 70 WP) were found more effective in weed management. Results of agronomic study at Terbol, Lebanon revealed herbicide control (Glyphosate) superior to manual weeding in three chickpea genotypes.
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The NARS breeding programs more efficiently develop legume cultivars tolerant to herbicides and parasitic weeds, and suitable to mechanical harvesting.
The advanced breeding lines suitable for machine harvesting and the sources of herbicide tolerance were shared with NARS partners. Training programs were organized on grain legumes improvement both at ICRISAT and ICARDA.
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Farmers grow herbicide-tolerant and machine-harvestable cultivars and adopt improved crop production practices.
Four machine harvestable faba bean varieties, Hama2 and Hama3 in Syria, Didea in Ethiopia and Santa Elena in Mexico were released. Four machine harvestable kabuli chickpea varieties, Garaja in Azerbaijan, Saral in Iran, Vostok in Kazakhstan and Baraev in Russia have been released for cultivation in 2014. The desi chickpea breeding line NBeG 47 is suitable for mechanical harvesting and was at pre-release testing stage at farmers’ fields in India. the most popular cultivar JG-11 in 21 demonstrations conducted on farmers’ fields.
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Molecular markers identified and validated for parasitic weed tolerance in faba bean and lentil
Development of mapping populations is in progress. 2
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OT 7.3.1
Cultivars suitable for mechanical harvesting disseminated to farmers
Two advanced breeding lines, GBM-1 and NBeG 47, suitable to machine harvesting are candidate varieties for release in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh states of India, respectively. Seed of these lines was multiplied and several demonstrations were conducted on farmers’ fields in respective states. Faba bean variety, Hama2 suitable for mechanical harvestable traits released for cultivation in Syria. Produced 382, 74 and 19 tonnes seeds of 25 chickpea, 18 faba bean and 32 lentil varieties, respectively.
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Annual Report 2014
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OT 7.3.2
Farmers grow machine harvestable chickpea, faba bean and lentil cultivars.
Over 382 MT tonnes of quality seeds of chickpea improved varieties, 73.7 MT of faba bean and 19.2 MT of lentil produced for distribution among farmers in Ethiopia. Adoption of faba bean varieties (Misr3, Giz843) released in Egypt has resulted in 25% increase in area and 30% in production
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OT 7.5.1
At least two short-term training organized for NARS researchers on legume improvement for herbicide tolerance and mechanical harvesting
A training course on “Pre-breeding and crop improvement in legumes” was organized at ICRISAT-Patancheru. There were 25 participants (23 men + 3 women) from 14 countries of South and Southeast Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa. A specialized training course on grain legume improvement was organized by ICARDA in Terbol, Lebanon from 21st to 30th April 2014. A total of 22 NARS partners (4 women) including 9 researchers from South Asia, 3 researchers from Sub Saharan Africa and 10 researchers from CWANA participated. Five trainees (1 female) participated in the course on variety maintenance and village based seed enterprise in Morocco.
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Annual Report 2014
79 of 85
OT 7.5.2
NARS breeding programs more efficiently breed chickpea and lentil cultivars with tolerance to herbicides and parasitic weeds, and suitable to mechanical harvesting
The advanced breeding lines suitable for machine harvesting and the sources of herbicide tolerance were shared with NARS partners. The advanced breeding lines suitable for machine harvesting and the sources of herbicide tolerance were shared with NARS partners. Training programs were organized on grain legumes improvement both at ICRISAT and ICARDA.
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OT 8.2.1
Potential of different CMS systems for producing high yielding hybrids evaluated.
In 2014, twenty A4 lines derived from Cajanus cajanifolius, few lines from Cajanus lineatus and Cajanus reticulatus wild species were sown. Of the 20 CMS lines six (ICPA 2194, 2195, 2196, 2197 and 2198 from trial) lines were advance to BC3 generation and these will be further advanced. Remaining 14 lines (from BC6 to BC11 generation) were also maintained due to their importance in hybrid breeding program. CMS line derived from Cajanus lineatus were used in making new hybrids and CMS line developed from Cajanus reticulatus was also used to develop new and stable combinations. Heterotic hybrid combinations were made by using determinate female parent with indeterminate male parents, new fertility restorers on diverse female parents and diverse genetic back ground elite parental lines in early, medium and late duration groups and the hybrids will be evaluated with standard checks in subsequent generations.
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Annual Report 2014
80 of 85
OT 8.2.2
At least one mapping population for fertility restoration genes developed,
F2 mapping population comprising of 188 individuals, segregating for fertility restoration has been developed by crossing ICPA 2039 as male-sterile parent and ICPL 87119 as fertility restoration parent.
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OT 8.2.3
Molecular markers linked to fertility restorer genes / QTLs identified,
DNA has been isolated from 188 F2 individuals and parental lines. Genotyping of above mentioned F2 population and parental lines is in progress following genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach. In parallel this mapping population is being phenotyped for pollen sterility and fertility. GBS and phenotyping data will provide candidate genomic segments associated with fertility restoration.
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Annual Report 2014
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OT 8.2.4
At least 10 diverse hybrid parents A-, B-, R- lines of pigeonpea with resistance to wilt, Phytopthora and SMD developed
During 2014 out of 134 progenies, (54 derived from C. platycarpus, 43 derived from C. acutifolius and 37 progenies belong to sib lines) 97 derived from two wild species. Of these, 32 progenies were rejected and in remaining 21 selected as progeny bulks and 132 single plants were also selected. Now, hybrid cross combinations are progress from these selected lines. In 37 sib lines, based on confirmation of fertility/sterility these lines will be used in 2014 crossing program. These new hybrid combinations will be evaluated in 2015 season.Five hybrids made during 2014 season and all found to be fertile. About 12 hybrid combinations are in progress. These will also be evaluated in African region in 2015. In addition, A x B program also is in progress. In 2014, based on the disease data, 41 lines were planted and these are used in making new hybrid combinations for evaluation in 2015 season.In 2014, 19 lines were used in making new hybrid combinations and now the crossing program is in progress. These new combinations will be evaluated during 2015 season.All new hybrid combination made from different sources will also be evaluated in disease nursery during 2015 season.
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OT 8.2.5
At least 10 parental lines with resistance to pod borers identified and shared with the NARS partners
Pod borer tolerant lines are in the process of line conversion to develop parental lines in hybrid breeding.
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OT 8.2.6
At least 2-3 genetically engineered hybrid parents developed for resistance to pod borers and SMD,
To develop pod borer resistance in the hybrid parents two lines ICPB 2048 and ICPB 2047 showed highest responsiveness to transformation using cry genes singly as well as in stacks driven by both constitutive promoters were identified. CaMV35S and/or tissue specific driven promoters such as SSU were used in construct for higher expression of these genes. Over a dozen transgenic plants are in the pipeline and are being characterized for presence and expression of the transgenes.
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OT 8.2.7
At least 2 - 3 hybrids with 25 – 30% higher yield than the best available cultivars developed and shared with NARS partners,
In 2014, ten short-duration hybrids including two checks were evaluated in 4 (ICRISAT, Rajasthan, Sehore and Nagpur) locations. Results are awaited from outside locations. Based on visual observations ICPH 2433, ICPH 2438 found to be good in Sehore and ICRISAT.Ten medium-duration hybrids including two checks were evaluated in 8 (ICRISAT, Gulbarga, Tandur, Palem, Sehore, Parbhani, Nagpur and Ranchi) locations. Based on visual observations ICPH 3933 and ICPH 3477 found vigorous in ICRISAT.In ESA, elite pigeonpea varieties of three maturity groups were evaluated in 3 locations of Kenya (60 LD, 50 MD, 56 SD genotypes), 4 locations of Tanzania (60 LD, 42 MD), 4 locations of Malawi (60 LD, 35 MD), 3 locations of Mozambique (60LD, 35 MD) and 2 locations of Uganda (57 MD, 20 SD), and 15 MD) through on-going TL-II, EC-IFAD, SIMLESA and AGRA funded projects. In addition that also evaluated about 40 F2s, 27 F3s, 96 F5s, 260 F6s, 254 F7s, 37 F8s and 47 F9s populations in Kenya. Trial sets were also supplied to Ghana 19 MD, 22 SD lines; Mali- 18 MD, 10 SD lines; Egerton University-18 MD lines; South Africa-18 MD lines; Pwani University- 1 MD and 1 SD lines for pigeonpea- maize intercropping study.
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OT 8.2.8
ICM technologies including seed treatment, spacing, fertilizer doses and need based application of pesticides developed and promoted in different agro- ecologies
Conducted 281 FPVS (131-Tanzania, 29-Malawi, 121-Uganda) and 378 demos (98-Tanzania, Malawi-40, Uganda-240) with medium (ICEAPs 00554, 00557, 00850, Kat 60/8) and long duration varieties (ICEAPs 00040, 00053, 00936, 00932) of pigeonpea and identified farmer and consumer preferred varieties that fit in to target regions in ESA countries. Documented farmers selection criteria in order to fine tune breeding program based on the clientele needs.In Odisha, a total 2033 participants (including 210 women) attended the specialized training courses in pigeonpea (cultural management practices, Integrated pest management and integrated disease management) including the conduct of 6 fields days attended by 650 farmers including 60 women farmers
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OT 8.3.1
Most suitable locations for large- scale production of hybrid seeds identified in target regions.
Seed produciton technology has been standardized in alfisols and vertisols in different ecoregions of Asia and is in further process of scaling up.
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OT 8.3.2
Efficient system for using natural pollinators and honey bees developed
Seed production under captive conditions has been studied and it was concluded that enhanced seed set was noticed over open pollinated seed produciton fields
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At least 4 NGOs/farmer groups facilitate the scalingup of hybrid seed production
Five entrepreneurs (private and public corporation) and five NGOs were facilitated to engage in seed production
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OT 8.3.4
Commercial hybrid cultivation production promoted in at least 100,000 ha
In 2014, ICPH 2740, ICPH 3762, ICPH 3933 and ICPH 2671 were evaluated in on-farm trials in different states Viz, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand and Gujarat. Owing to great demand of hybrids in 2014 season also 465 ha seed production of these elite hybrids are in progress. More area will be covered in different states in 2015.n AP, Bihar and Odisha, a total 714 tons of various seed class of farmer preferred varities (Asha, Maruti, ICP 7035, ICPL 88039, ICPH 2671, ICPH 2740 and ICPH 3762) were produced involving 1551 smallholder farmers while 80 tons of various seed class were supplied to over 5,000 smallholder farmers. Five enterpreneurs (private and public corporation) and five NGOs were tapped to engage in seed production in Odisha.
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OT 8.4.1
At least 2 postharvest processing technologies made available to stakeholders
3 stake holders (NGOS) are facilitated on post harvest processing of hybrid seed.
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OT 8.5.1
Capacity of NARS partners in producing seed of the parental lines and hybrids strengthened.
NARS reserchers in Asia and ESA are trained on hybrid parental lines development and seed produciton aspects.
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OT 8.5.2
At least 2 -3 entrepreneurs facilitated for producing and selling quality hybrid pigeonpea seed.
5 enterprenures were facilitated on producing and selling quality hybrid pigeonpea seed.
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