GRADES 2–3 09221BEP

GRADES 2–309221BEP

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Associative Reasoning Activities

Written byJohn H. DoolittleTracy A. Doolittle

Dr. DooRiddles Series A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1

Spelling DooRiddles A1 B1

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Spelling DooRiddles A1 About the Authors

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ABOUT THE AUTHORS

John Doolittle has been a professor of psychology at California State University, Sacramento since 1966. He received a bachelor’s degree in biology and psychology from Stanford University, a master’s degree in psychology from San Jose State University, and a doctoral degree in experimental psychology from the University of Colorado, Boulder. At Sacramento, Dr. Doolittle has taught in the schools of Education, Arts and Sciences, and Engineering and Computer Science. He has also been a visiting professor at the University of Melbourne, Australia. Dr. Doolittle is author of a number of books and software published by The Critical Thinking Co.TM, including Riddle Mysteries software, three volumes of Dr. DooRiddles, and Dr. Funster’s Creative Thinking Puzzlers.

When Tracy A. Doolittle is not writing riddles, she works for KVIE public television and is pursuing a Masters degree in English at CSU, Sacramento.

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Spelling DooRiddles A1 Teacher Suggestions

TEACHER SUGGESTIONS

Everyone loves the mystery of a riddle and Spelling DooRiddles will bring laughter, groans, and challenges to you and your students.

Thinking SkillsPerceiving relationships between words, ideas, and concepts is called associative reasoning, which is a skill necessary for creative thought. Riddle solving requires students to use important skills of associative, inductive, and divergent thinking to find the answers. Students will learn to recognize important ideas, examine these ideas from different points of view, and then find connections between the ideas. These teachable skills are essential for efficient, successful, open-ended problem solving of all kinds.

Role of the StudentAlthough Spelling DooRiddles are fun and tantalizing, answering them is not simply play. In order to solve these riddles, students have to generate solutions in many different categories. Students often confuse producing answers in multiple-categories with offering the same answer rephrased. To clarify this confusion, students need to learn how to examine an idea from many reference points.

For example: If one of the given clues in a riddle were the word horn, students would have to think of different meanings and applications of that word. Does it refer to a kind of musical instrument? A part of an animal? A geographic term? A general horn shape? Or does it refer to an alternative in a dilemma?

Role of the TeacherAt first, the teacher will need to help the students learn how to produce multiple-category solutions by asking higher level thinking questions. Eventually, responsibility of self-questioning should be turned over to the students. Teach your students to ask themselves questions such as: How is the clue used? Why is it phrased this way? How is this clue connected to a clue in another line? How else can this word be spelled? Does this line mean what it says or is it a play on words.

Students should be encouraged to read the riddles carefully, examining individual words, and to use visual imagery to “see” what’s happening. As they get into the process of riddle solving, they’ll learn to read and weigh the importance of each word in each line in order to interpret the clues correctly. Students will learn to notice how highly descriptive adjectives, verbs, and adverbs indicate specific kinds of movement or action; and how unusual phonetic spellings and multiple word meanings are used to both hide and reveal the clues.

Always ask students why they chose the answer they did. Don’t allow students to just give their answer without explaining the reasoning behind it. When answers are backed up and evaluated in group discussions, class members share their knowledge, connect it to other ideas and explore



Spelling DooRiddles A1 Teacher Suggestions

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the concept in many directions to find a “best” answer from among possible multiple answers. By working and sharing information in groups, students who aren’t familiar with the culture, or whom lack English proficiency, will expand their knowledge, build more extensive vocabulary, and will be able to apply information more diversely.

Classroom ApplicationThese materials make great sponge activities and are excellent activities for independent, cooperative, or open learning situations. The riddles can be used as part of the daily thinking skill curriculum or for the challenge of the week. The riddles spiral up in difficulty within each book and from level to level so that teachers may select the appropriate level of difficulty for students.

Spelling DooRiddles cuts across curriculum areas and deals with real-world objects and situations. Both teachers and students will find the mind-broadening strategies used in these challenging activities richly rewarding at test-taking time.



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Spelling DooRiddles A1 Answers

ANSWERSPage 1 Hive, Five Laces, Faces Cage, Page

Page 2 Rake, Bake Fall, Ball Name, Game

Page 3 Bite, Kite Spill, Pill Roof, Woof

Page 4 Ace, Face Zoom, Zoo Bus, Us

Page 5 Chop, Hop Old, Cold Lake, Cake

Same, Game Joke, Poke Wore, More

Page 7 Rose, Hose Rice, Mice Hike, Bike

Page 8 Tire, Fire Hail, Nail Main, Rain

Page 9 Wait, Bait Sand, Band Melt, Belt

Page 10 Nest, West Rest, Best Tent, Dent

Page 11 Clues, Blues Horn, Corn Park, Dark

Page 12 Tub, Cub Bug, Hug Soap, Soak

Page 13 Sum, Gum Bun, Sun Fun, Run

Page 14 Nut, Cut Root, Boot Tree, Free

Page 15 Good, Wood Brain, Drain Even, Seven

Page 16 Floss, Loss Moo, Moon Roar, Oar

Page 17 Room, Broom Weep, Sweep Mall, Small

Page 18 Read, Red Bone, One Ear, Dear

Page 19 Rip, Drip Ice, Dice Cane, Can

Page 20 Raw, Draw Bad, Dad Mad, Sad

Page 21 Wag, Bag Tag, Gag Tan, Van

Page 22 Man, Pan Bat, Fat Cat, Rat

Page 23 Wed, Bed Red, Fed Den, Men

Page 24 Hen, Ten Net, Pet Dog, Jog

Page 25 Mop, Top Hot, Pot Cow, How

Page 26 Pig, Wig Him, Rim Top, Stop

Page 27 Hot, Shot Tear, Ear Hate, Hat

Page 28 Hear, Ear Late, Ate Clap, Lap

Page 29 Wet, Jet Case, Vase Tone, Bone

Page 30 Dose, Nose Ride, Tide Wipe, Pipe

Page 31 Dark, Bark Half, Calf Fast, Past

Page 32 Hide, Hike Tug, Rug Bull, Bell

Page 33 Clown, Crown Wed, Weed Dim, Dime

Page 34 Say, Day Web, Feb (-ruary) Pout, Out

Page 35 Rib, Bib Fin, Win Fit, Sit

Page 36 Eat, Heat Aid, Paid Rot, Root

Page 37 Dome, Home Bar, Bear Troll, Roll

Page 38 Bat, Bath Brag, Rag Brow, Row

Page 39 Scare, Scar Chip, Hip Dive, Drive

Page 40 Bed, Bend Far, Fare



Spelling DooRiddles A1 Model Lesson

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MODEL LESSONRiddles are made up of phrases and sentences that contain clues to the answer.

We can be brown or grizzly,We sleep all winter long;

Remove the first letter and,Use us to hear that song.

For example:

In line one, the clue is we can be brown or grizzly. Brown is a color, an adjective, describing a person, place or thing. What do you know about the word grizzly?

Line two, we sleep all winter long, gives you another clue. The word sleep suggests this is living thing. Do you know of any animals that sleep all winter long?

Going to line three, you’re told to remove the first letter. Doing that, you end up with a new word. What word do you get from taking away the first letter?

Line four, use us to hear that song, suggests a hearing or listening device of some sort. Does your new word from line three qualify for that clue?

To solve these Spelling DooRiddles, you need to think of more than one possibility. You’ll need to look for relationships between the descriptions in the clues and possible words that meet those descriptions. This is called associative thinking. It’s also creative thinking because you need to come up with different possible answers in order to find the right one. Let’s look at the clues again.

What living things might be described as be brown or grizzly? Judging by the first word, brown, you might think the word grizzly is also a describing word. You know brown is a color, but what does grizzly mean? You might want to use a dictionary to find out. Brown and grizzly could describe a grandfather’s beard. The second clue tells you that this animal sleeps all winter long. From learning about animal habits, you know that some animals hibernate, or go into a dormant state resembling sleep in a cave or underground for the winter. Both bears and bats hibernate, but not grandfathers.

Going on to the third clue, you learn that the second word appears when you remove the first letter of the first word. If the first word is bat, then the second word would be at. If the first word is bear, then the second word would be ear.

The clue in the fourth line, use us to hear that song, gives you information to decide if either of those words are correct. Bears is the best answer for the first word, isn’t it? That way, ears fit the last clue of hearing that song. And you’ve just solved the riddle!

Someone else could come up with a different answer, but since both words need to work together with all the clues, it’s unlikely any other answer will work.

Not all Spelling DooRiddles fit the pattern of two lines for one word and two for the second word, but you’ll still have enough information to solve the riddle.



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Spelling DooRiddles A1 Associative Reasoning Activities

I’m where the bees call home,But I’m not made of bricks;Then change the H to F,I’m just one less than six.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m used to tie your shoes,Now switch the L to F;I’m where the smiles are found,On Christy and on Jeff.

I am where your bird sleeps,Replace the C with P;Then open up a book,The words are found on me.




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I’m used to gather leaves,When on the ground they lie;Now change the R to B,I’m how you cook a pie.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

Autumn’s my other name,But drop the F for B;I’m round and like to bounce,You can play catch with me.

I am what you are called,Like Shana, Max, or Lee;Then something that you play,When N becomes a G.





If bugs do this to you, Slap them, if you dare;Change B to K and tie a string,I’ll fly high in the air.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

The milk from your glass is now,A puddle on the floor;Drop S and Mom gets me,From a bottle in a drawer.

Your house needs me on top,To keep the rain away;With W replacing R,I’m what a dog might say.





In card games I’m #1,I might be black or red;Or you can add an F,I’m the front part of your head.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

A word that rhymes with room,A race car makes this sound;Now take M off the end,I’m a tiger’s home in town.

I’m yellow and I’m big,Kids ride in me to school;Remove the B and I’m,You and me, and, hey! we’re cool.





A knife does this to cabbage,As it moves up and down;Drop C, a bunny move,Black or white or brown.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

The opposite of young,I’ve seen many a storm;Put a C in front and I’m,The opposite of warm.

I’m larger than a pond,But smaller than a sea;Now change the L to C,And put candles atop me.





I am two things that are,Alike in every way;But switch the S to G,I’m what two teams will play.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m told to get a laugh,Replace the J with P;Your finger in my ribs,More fun for you than me.

When Sally put it on,What she did to the dress;Change W to M,The opposite of less.





A flower most beautiful,You can smell it from afar;Now switch the R to H,Use me to wash the car.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I am a fluffy grain,We eat it at our house;With M replacing R,I mean more than one mouse.

A long walk in the woods,Now change my H to B;Your helmet you should wear,To take a ride on me.





My spare inside the trunk,May turn out to be good;Try F instead of T,And think of burning wood.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m ice balls from the sky,Into the house you go;When you change H to N,You’ll find me on your toe.

I am the central thing,Important? Oh, you bet!Now change the M to R,My drops will get you wet.





You have to stand around,Longer than you wish;Change W to B,And use me to catch fish.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

For castles on the beach,You’ll dig me with a scoop;If you make S a B,Then I’m a music group.

I’m what the ice will do,If warmed until it drips;Replace the M with B,I hold pants to your hips.





I’m where the young birds wait,For Mom to bring a feast;Change N to W,The opposite of east.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

Another word for nap,Then switch the R to B;I mean you’re number one,As good as you can be.

Some campers sleep in me,Change the first T to D;I’m what a car may get,If it’s hit by a tree.





Detectives search and search,Their case depends on me;Try B instead of C,Colors of sky and sea.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

That large rhinoceros,Well, he has only one;Now change the H to C,A popping snack that’s fun.

I am a place to play,Where you may fly your kite;When P becomes D,The opposite of light.





I’m where you take a bath,And wash your feet and hair;Replace the T with C,And I’m a baby bear.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

An insect’s other name,A word that rhymes with rug;Now switch the B to H,Mom holds you close and snug.

You wash your face with me,With water too, you bet!When P becomes a K it sure, Gets things completely wet.





Add numbers to get me,Arithmetic is cool!Now change the S to G,But don’t chew me at school.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

A hot dog goes in me,A kind of bread am I;But make the B an S,I shine up in the sky.

A good time you enjoy,You play and laugh and talk;When you make F an R,I’m faster than a walk.





I’m almond or pecan,Now change the N to C;Another word for slice,A bandage covers me.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I grow down underground,A tree part you don’t see; Or I’m a heavy shoe,If you’ve changed R to B.

My leaves drop in the fall,And come again in spring;Now change the T to F,And I don’t cost a thing.





The opposite of bad,Switch G to W;Use me to build a house,Unless it’s an igloo.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m found inside your head,The part you use to think;Now make the B a D,And find me in your sink.

The opposite of odd,Or think of a tied score;Now put an S in front,Think six, then add one more.





A thread between your teeth,Will keep decay away;Take away the F,There was no win today.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

The sound made by a cow,Now simply add an N;A light in the night sky,I rise and fall again.

The noise a lion makes,I’m sure this one you know;Now drop the R in front,And I am used to row.





A part of any house,Like kitchen, den, or hall;Now put a B in front,And I can sweep them all.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

A word that rhymes with deep,She cries up in her room;Now put an S in front,What you do with a broom.

A place for you to shop,A word that rhymes with fall;Now put an S in front,I mean you are not tall.





I’m what you do,With that book in your book bag;Take away the A,I’m a color in a flag.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

A treat that the dog,Likes to bury or chew;Take away the B,And I am less than two.

One on each side of your head,To help you hear better;Add a D in front and I’m,How you start a letter.





To tear something up,I’m the opposite of mend;Put a D in the front,I’m a leak that doesn’t end.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m what you use,To make your drink cold;With D in front,I’m cubes that are rolled.

A walking stick that’s used,By people who can’t see;Just take away the E,And soup can come in me.





The opposite of cooked,Like fresh celery you’re fed;Put a D at my front,You make shapes with pencil lead.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

The opposite of good,Something not worth the bother;Change my B for a D,I’m another word for father.

I am how you look,When you’re angry inside;Change my M to S,My tears you can’t hide.





I’m what dogs always do,With their tails to show they’re nice;Change W to B,I’m the sack that holds the ice.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m what happens when,You tell a kid, “You’re it”;Replace the T with G,I’ll make you laugh a bit.

I am what happens,When the sun turns your skin dark;Change the T to V,I’m a type of car you park.





I’m the opposite of woman,Sometimes called a guy;If you change the M to P,I’m where those eggs will fry.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m often made of wood,Use me to strike the ball;Change my B to F,I am not slim at all.

I purr and meow,And leave hair round the house;Change my C to R,I’m a bigger kind of mouse.





I sound like the word shed,I mean you’ve just been married;Change W to B,I’m where to sleep you’re carried.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m the color of apples and cherries,Or even a sign that means stop;Change R to F and I mean,The pigs have been given their slop.

I’m where lions call home,A place to protect their babies;If you change D to M,I’m the opposite of ladies.





I am a mother chicken,You’ll find with men I rhyme;Switch my H into a T,And I’m one more than nine.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m usually down the center,Of any tennis court;Make N a P and I’m,A critter – the friendly sort.

I’m man’s best friend,I’m furry and fun;Change my D to J,I mean a short run.





The thing that you use on the floor,To keep it nice and clean;Then just replace the M with T,And “not the bottom” is what I mean.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

Something that is spicy,I’m the opposite of cold;Change H to P and I’m a pan,The kitchen just might hold.

I like to chew grass and give milk,Even give my bell a ring;Switch my C to H and I mean,The “way” you do something.





I like to say oink, oink,Rolling in mud brings me bliss;Make P a W,Actors wear false hair like this.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

The opposite of her,When pointing out a boy not a lass;Change my H into an R,And I’m the top edge of a glass.

The mountain peak up high,Where you find ice and snow;Just put an S in front,I’m the opposite of go.





When I am put with dog,You serve me in a bun;And if you add an S,The firing of a gun.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

A drop falls from your eye,It’s salty and it’s clear;And if you drop the T,I’m what you use to hear.

The opposite of love,Now drop my final E;I’m something that you wear,Your head’s the place for me.





Another word for listen,With an H, I do start;But if the H you drop,Then I’m the listening part.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

The opposite of early,I hope you have a hunch;Now drop my leading L and,I’m what you did to lunch.

Slap your hands together,After something that you like;Drop C and sit right here,To ask Santa for a bike!





In water you’ll get this,Change W to J;I’m a kind of plane that’s fast,Let’s go…up, up, and away!

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

To keep the camera safe,You carry it in me;I keep the flowers fresh,If you’ve changed C to V.

A single music note,Like E or F or G;Now change the T to B,The dog will chew on me.





I’m how much you should take,So read the label well;And if the D becomes an N,I’m what you use to smell.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m what’s done on a horse,In saddles large and small;Make R a T and I’m,The ocean’s rise and fall.

I mean to rub it clean,Change W to P;The water for the tub,Will have to flow through me.





When e’er the sky is me,It’s very hard to see;Now switch the D to B,I’m on that ol’ oak tree.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

One of two equal parts,A twin’s share anyhow;Just change the H to C,And I’m a baby cow.

Another word for quick,Now switch the F to P;What happened before now,It’s done, it’s gone, it’s me.





With seek I name a game,Where one kid must be “it”;But change the D to K,A long walk for the fit.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I am a little boat,I help big ships reach shore;Now make my T an R,Some carpet for the floor.

A kind of cow with horns,I snort and paw the ground;If you’ll switch U to E,I’ll make a ringing sound.





At circuses I make you laugh,And fall down with a “splat”;But when the L becomes an R,I’m the King’s most royal hat.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

Another word for married,You’ll find I rhyme with red;Now add another E and,I’m in a flower bed.

The opposite of bright,A light that’s turned down low;Add an E at the end,I’m ten cents, don’t you know?





I’m what you do with words,Another word for speak;Change S to D and there’re,Seven of me per week.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

I’m what a spider spins,To string some flies along;Make W an F and,I’m twenty-eight days long.

Now I’m a sour face,A far cry from a grin;And if I lose my P,Than I am just not in.





I make up a cage of bones,Hidden underneath your chest;Change R to B and I keep,Baby’s clothes from getting messed.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

Dolphins use me to swim,And I often come in twos;Make F a W,I’m the opposite of lose.

I rhyme with bit and I’m,Clothes the size you can wear;Change my F to S and find,I’m what you do in that chair.





I mean to take in food,At meals or in between;Now put an H in front,And great warmth’s what I mean.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

With “first,” I am the kit,Which helps if you get hurt;Add P in front, and I’m,What you did to buy that shirt.

What happens to the apple,Left out for much too long;Add an O in the middle,I help a plant stand strong.





I go with Super or Astro,I’m the roof that’s over the game;Change D to H, I’m a house,But you call me another name.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

You hang from me and swing,In a play yard for a child;Put E after B and I’m,Grizzly, huge and wild.

I’d live under a bridge,If fairy tales were real;No T and I’m round bread,With butter at a meal.





I hang around in caves,My name rhymes well with rat;Add H and then add “tub”,Some water, soap—that’s that!

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

To often tell your friends,“Hey! Don’t you know? I’m good!”No B, I’ll wax your car,From tailpipe to hood.

With “eye”, a hairy thing,Above your eye it floats;Remove the B and I’m,The way you move some boats.





To give someone a fright,And make them jump and yell;Drop the E, a mark on skin,From the cut when once you fell.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

Potato, corn, or nacho,With dip, a real good taste;Take away my C and I’m,Just below your waist.

A jump in water head first,Add an R just after the D;I’m what folks do with a car,To get to the store, you see?





At night, I’m where you sleep,But if you add an N;A road’s curve I become,And, yes, I rhyme with tend.

What am I? ...........................

What am I? ...........................

The opposite of near,A long, long way from us;Add E to the end and I’m,What you pay to ride a bus.



GRADES 2–3 09221BEP

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