Grade 9 Science Notre Dame College School
Transcript of Grade 9 Science Notre Dame College School
Agenda What is matter
The Particle Theory
Mixtures vs. Pure Substances
Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures
Solution
Homogeneous Mixtures Mechanical Mixture
Suspension
Solution
Pure Substances Elements
Compounds
What is Matter? Matter is anything that contains mass & volume (takes
up space)
Energy, such as light, heat, and sound, is NOT matter
IT’S ALL MATTER!
The Particle Theory of Matter This provides a way to describe the structure and
behaviour of matter.
There are 4 principals of the particle theory written by a chemist named John Dalton.
Think About it! Look at a piece of chalk If you broke a piece
of chalk in half, would it still look like and behave like chalk?
How small of pieces would you have to break a piece of chalk so that it isn’t chalk anymore – is that even possible?
The answer is YES, because the smallest pieces of chalk are made up of particles and the particle theory explains how this works!
The Particle Theory of Matter 1. All matter is made up of very tiny objects
called particles.
These particles are VERY tiny – too small to be seen with any regular light microscope
The Particle Theory of Matter 2. All Particles have
spaces between them.
The size of these spaces determine the state of the matter
The Particle Theory of Matter 3. Particles present in matter are always in motion.
In a solid, they vibrate together
In a liquid, they stay close together but slide along each other
In a gas, they bounce and move in all directions!
The Particle Theory of Matter 4. The particles in a substance attract each other.
The degree that particles are attracted to each other is different in difference substances,
Take a guess!
Which substance do you think has the strongest attractions? Which has the weakest?
Iron
Water
Oxygen
The Particle Theory of Matter Recap: Here they are all again
1. All matter is made up of very tiny objects called particles.
2. All particles have spaces between them.
3. Particles present in matter are always in motion.
4. The particles in a substance attract each other.
Pure Substances vs. Mixtures All matter can be divided into two big categories:
PURE SUBSTANCES and MIXTURES.
Pure substances are made up of one type of element or compound
Mixtures are a combination of pure substances (2 or more types of particles)
Versus
Pure Substances Pure substances are made up of only ONE type of
particle
Pure substances are in the form of either elements or compounds.
Elements Elements are the smallest and “purest”
forms of particles
They cannot be broken down further by ordinary means (such as simple reactions, heat, or electricity)
They are only made up of one type of atom (one type of particle)
Examples are Oxygen, Calcium, Iron, Carbon and Helium
Compounds
Water is a molecule because it is made out of two types of atoms (oxygen and hydrogen)
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Water is a compound because it has many molecules of one type (H2O = Water)
A compound is made up of only one type of particle, called a molecule
Compounds are made up of many molecules that are held together by chemical bonds!
Mixtures A mixture is a combination of two or more different
substances (different types of particles).
Mixtures can be divided into 2 big categories:
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures Made up of two or more particles
where the different particles are easy to see and separate.
Can be divided into two categories:
Mechanical mixtures
Suspensions
An Oreo cookie is a heterogeneous mixture
Mechanical Mixtures Particles that are in the same container but can be easily
separated.
Made up of several distinct parts
A lasagne, parfait, and a cookie are both examples of
mechanical mixtures
THINK ABOUT IT! What are some of the
parts of these mechanical mixtures?
Suspensions Small particles of one
substance float in another substance
Salad Dressing, glittery nail polish,
and yogurt are examples of suspensions
Homogeneous Mixtures A homogenous mixture
occurs when 2 or more particles blend together and cannot be seen separately
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures!
Solutions A mixture of 2 or more
things where one substance dissolves
Kool-Aid and tea are solutions because you cannot see the sugar crystals floating in the Kool-Aid, and you cannot see the tea floating in the tea when the bag is removed
Kool-Aid and tea are examples of
solutions