Grade 11 - Gas Exchange and Smoking
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Transcript of Grade 11 - Gas Exchange and Smoking
Smoking
Basic lung structureTobacco smokeDiseasesWays to quit
Lung structure
Functions of lung components
Trachea - takes air from nose and mouth down to bronchi
Bronchi – Take air to smaller bronchioles
Bronchioles – smaller tubes that branch more and more to take air to alveoli
Alveoli – air sacs with thin walls made of single cells, allows diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide to happen quickly
Function of ciliated epithelium in trachea and bronchi
Cilia move mucus and trapped dirt and bacteria out of tubes up towards throat
Goblet cells make mucus which traps dirt and bacteria
Mucus and cilia help to keep the airways clear of dirt and bacteria preventing infections
The Dangers of SmokingThe Dangers of SmokingWhat does smoking do to ourWhat does smoking do to our
bodies?bodies?
Hydrogen cyanide
Carbon monoxide
Tar
Nicotine
Carcinogens
Click through to see what’s inside a cigarette
And something you’ll never get from a cigarette…
Cigarette smoke contains many toxic compounds
TARThis black sticky substance contains thousands of chemicals, some of which are cancer causing (carcinogenic)
Carbon monoxideThe haemoglobin in your red blood cells will pick up carbon monoxide rather than oxygen. This reduces the amount of oxygen carried to the cells in your body. It certainly causes many problems - especially for a developing baby if the mother smokes.
NicotineNicotine is an addictive drug that acts directly on the brain. It is the reason smokers find it difficult to give up. It raises the heart rate and blood pressure which can lead to other health problems.It also make blood cells sticky and can lead to blood clots that can cause strokes and heart attacks
Hydrogen cyanideThis is a poisonous gas that is often used to execute prisoners in the USA! And smokers breathe it in with every drag on a cigarette. It damages cells in the lungs.
Smoking related diseases
Cancers caused by the carcinogens in cigarette smoke
Emphysema- when the alveoli walls break down and gas exchange is reduced
Bronchitis – inflammation and infections that occur when mucus accumulates because the cilia stop working
Lung cancer and tumour
Outside lung Inside lung
tumour
Emphysema destruction of the air sacs (alveoli) for gas exchange leads
to extreme shortage of breath on exercising
Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi – heavy coughing, thick
mucus, difficulty breathing
Carbon monoxide
Can cause babies to have a low birth weight if mother smokes during pregnancy
Due to less oxygen reaching the growing foetus
Babies birth weights against number of cigarettes smoked
Methods to quit
Hypnotherapy Acupuncture Nicotine patches Habit change Will power
What are you giving up if you carry on smoking?
The opportunity to spend all that money on something else.
Music, i-pod, i-phone, sports equipment Clothes Holidays Car Or anything else you might set your heart on!
Only five a day from age 14 to age 30 orRp 124.100.000
Smoke 15 a day for 20 years orRp 595.000.000
(but you probably won’t survive long enough anyway if you smoke that many!)
Ten years smoking 25 a day orRp 391.000.000,-
50 a day for 35 years or Rp 2.720.000.000
And something you’ll never get from smoking…
Effects of cigarette smoke components on the body
substance Effect on the body
Tar Accumulates in airways DOES NOT go into bloodstreamParalyses ciliaStimulates goblet cells to make more mucusCauses chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Carcinogens Cause mutations to cells in bronchi walls leading to formation of tumours
Carbon monoxide
Absorbed into the blood streamCombines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobinReduces oxygen carried by the red blood cells
nicotine Absorbed into the blood streamIncreases heart rateMakes platelets more sticky, increases chance of clots formingMakes small arteries constrict