Chapter -3: Recording of Transactions-I

Questions for Practice

Short Answers

1. States the three fundamental steps in the accounting process.

Ans) The three fundamental steps in the accounting process are:

1. Identify the transaction from source documents, like purchase orders, loan agreements, invoices, etc.

2. Record the transaction as a journal entry.

3. Post the entry in the individual accounts in ledgers.

2. Why is the evidence provided by source documents important to accounting?

Ans) The evidence provided by the source document is important in the following manners:

1. It provides evidence that a transaction has actually occurred.

2. It provides important and relevant information about date, amount, parties involved and other details of a particular transaction.

3. It acts as a proof in the court of law.

4. It helps in verifying transactions during the auditing process.

3. Should a transaction be first recorded in a journal or ledger? Why?

Ans) A transaction will be first recorded in a journal. The word journal has been derived from the French word "Jour" Jour means day. So, journal means daily.

Transactions are recorded daily in journal and hence it has named so. As soon as a transaction takes place its debit and credit aspects are analyzed and first of all

recorded chronologically (in the order of their occurrence) in journal with its short description. Thus we see that the most important function of journal is to show the

relationship between the two accounts connected with a transaction. This facilitates writing of ledger. Since transactions are first of all recorded in journal, so it is

called book of original entry or prime entry or primary entry or preliminary entry, or first entry.

4. Are debits or credits listed first in journal entries? Are debits or credits indented?

Ans) As per the rule of double entry system, there are two columns of Amount in the journal format namely Debit Amount and Credit Amount. The way of

recording in a journal is quite different from normal recording. Journal entry is recorded in journal format in which the Debit Amount column is listed before the

Credit Amount column.

Credits are indented. Indentation is leaving a space before writing any word. Journal entry has its own jargon. While journalising, in the Particulars column of

journal format, debited account is written first and credited account is in the next line leaving some space, which is indentation.

5. Why are some accounting systems called double accounting systems?

Ans) Some accounting system records two effects of an accounting entry. The two effects of an accounting entry are known as Debit (Dr) and Credit (Cr). Debit is

the portion of transaction that accounts for the increase in assets and expenses, and the decrease in liabilities, equity and income. Credit is the portion of

transaction that accounts for the increase in income, liabilities and equity, and the decrease in assets and expenses. The classification of debit and credit effects is

structured in such a way that for each debit there is a corresponding credit and vice versa. Hence, every transaction will have 'dual' effects (i.e. debit effects and

credit effects). Thus, these accounting systems are known as double accounting systems.

6. Give a specimen of an account.

Dr. Sam A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2006 April 30

To Sales

6,000

2006 April 30

By balance c/d

6,000

7. Why are the rules of debit and credit same for both liability and capital?

Ans) Every business acquires funds from internal as well as from external sources. According to the business entity concept, the amount borrowed from the

external sources together with the internal sources like, capital invested by the proprietor, is termed as liability to the business. Business entity concept treats

business and business owner separately. Capital of the owner is treated as liability to the business because the business has to repay the amount of capital to the

owner, in case of closure of the business. As liability incurred is credited, in the same way, fresh capital introduced and net profit increases the owners capital, and

so, capital is credited. On the other hand, if liability is paid, it reduces liability, and so, it is debited. Similarly, drawings from capital and net loss reduce the capital,

and so, capital is debited. Thus the rules of debit and credit are same for both liability and capital.

8. What is the purpose of posting J.F numbers that are entered in the journal at the time entries are posted to the accounts.

Ans) J.F refers to journal folio number. Folio, as in its literal meanings also, means a sequence of number of words for the purposes of dividing a book into

meaningful parts or just for reference.

The purpose of journals folio number is used to mention the reference or address of ledger in which the journal entry has been posted, thus giving an easy

access and also easily understanding whether all the entries has been posted in the relevant accounts or not. If a particular journal entry does not have a cross-

reference to the concerned ledger then it might mean that it has not been posted yet to the ledgers.

9. What entry (debit or credit) would you make to: (a) increase revenue (b) decrease in expense, (c) record drawings (d) record the fresh

capital introduced by the owner.

Ans) (a) Credit. (b)Credit. (c)Debit. (d)Credit.

10. If a transaction has the effect of decreasing an asset, is the decrease recorded as a debit or as a credit? If the transaction has the effect

of decreasing a liability, is the decrease recorded as a debit or as a credit?

Ans. If a transaction has the effect of decreasing an asset, the decrease is recorded as a credit. If a transaction has the effect of

decreasing a liability, the decrease is recorded as a debit.

Long Answers

1. Describe the events recorded in accounting systems and the importance of source documents in those systems?

Ans)The events recorded in accounting systems have to be economic events. It means that events should be expressed into financial terms by using monetary

unit .Any event that cannot be expressed in monetary units, it is not considered for recording in accounting books. Further such economic events must be

supported by source document.

Source document is an accounting terms to describe the original records that contain the details that substantiate the financial transactions that are entered into

the internal accounting system of a business. Typical source documents include sales invoices, cash receipts, cash register slip, credit notes and deposit slip.

Source documents provide the documentary evidence of a business deal or accounting event and are a critical part of an audit trail that establishes the authenticity

and tracking history of an accounting system's financial records.

So, source documents then are the essential inputs that provide the details required by internal accounting systems. They also assist in the internal control of the

resources of the business. Source documents ensure that there is documentary evidence to support the purchase or sale of items of value and the receipt and

payment of money. Source documents provide the evidence or proof that a transaction has actually occurred which makes it difficult for people to misappropriate

or steal cash or other resource items from the business. These source documents are also required by both company and tax auditors.

2. Describe how debits and credits are used to analyse transactions.

Ans) Business activity is all about transactions. A transaction is any event that has a financial impact on the business and can be measured

Transactions provide objective information about the financial impact on a company. Every transaction has two sides:

1. Debit

2. Credit

Following are rules of debit and credit use to analyse transactions :

All accounts are divided into five categories for the purposes of recording the transactions: (a) Asset (b) Liability (c) Capital (d) Expenses/Losses, and (e)

Revenues/Gains.

Two fundamental rules are followed to analyse the changes in these accounts:

(1) For recording changes in Assets/Expenses (Losses):

(i) Increase in asset is debited, and decrease in asset is credited.

(ii) Increase in expenses/losses is debited, and decrease in expenses/ losses is credited.

(2) For recording changes in Liabilities and Capital/Revenues (Gains):

(i) Increase in liabilities is credited and decrease in liabilities is debited.

(ii) Increase in capital is credited and decrease in capital is debited.

(iii) Increase in revenue/gain is credited and decrease in revenue/gain is debited.

3.Describe how accounts are used to record information about the effects of transactions?

Ans)Every transaction is recorded in the original book of entry (journal) in order of their occurrence; however, if we want to know that how

much we receive from our debtors or how much to pay to the creditors, it is not possible to determine at a single movement. Hence,

we prepare accounts to know the position of business activities in the meantime.

Dr. Sam A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2006 April 30

To Sales Total

6,000

2006 April 30

By balance c/d Total

6,000

6,000

6,000

Step 1 Locate the account in ledger, i.e., Sams Account.

Step 2 Enter the date of transaction in the date column of the debit side of Sams Account.

Step 3 In the Particulars column of the debit side of Sams Account, the name of corresponding account is to be written, i.e., Sales.

Step 4 Enter the page number of the ledger in the Journal Folio (J.F.) column of Sams Account.

Step 5 Enter the amount in the Amount column.

Step 6 Same steps are to be followed to post entries in the credit side of Sams Account.

Step 7 After entering all the transactions for a particular period, balance the account by totalling both sides and write the difference in shorter side, as

Balance c/d.

Step 8 Total of account is to be written on either sides.

4. What is a journal? Give a specimen of journal showing at least five entries.

Ans) The word journal has been derived from the French word "Jour" Jour means day. So, journal means daily. Transactions are recorded daily in journal and

hence it has named so. As soon as a transaction takes place its debit and credit aspects are analyzed and first of all recorded chronologically (in the order of their

occurrence) in journal with its short description.

The first column in a journal is Date on which the transaction took place. In the Particulars column, the account title to be debited is written on the first line

beginning from the left hand corner and the word Dr. is written at the end of the column. The account title to be credited is written on the second line leaving

sufficient margin on the left side with a prefix To. Below the account titles, a brief description of the transaction is given which is called Narration. Having written

the Narration a line is drawn in the Particulars column, which indicates the end of recording the specific journal entry. The column relating to Ledger Folio records

the page number of the ledger book on which relevant account is appears. This column is filled up at the time of posting and not at the time of making journal

entry. The Debit amount column records the amount against the account to be debited and similarly the Credit Amount column records the amount against the

account to be credited.

Specimen of journal entries:

Transactions during April 2006 were:

Rs.

01 Goods sold to Manish 3,000

02 Purchased goods from Ramesh 8,000

03 Received cash from Rahul in full settlement 9,200

05 Cash received from Himanshu on account 4,000

06 paid to Ramesh by cheque 6,000.

Journal

Date Particulars L.F Amount

Debit

Credit

April 2006 01 02 03 05 06

Manish Dr. To Sales A/C ( Being goods sold to Manish) Purchase A/C Dr. To Ramesh (Being goods purchased from Ramesh) Cash A/C Dr. Discount allowed A/C Dr. To Rahul (Being cash received from Rahul in full settlement) Cash A/C Dr. To Himanshu (Being cash received from Himanshu on account) Ramesh Dr. To Bank A/C (Being amount paid to Ramesh by cheque) TOTAL

3,000

8,000

9,200 500

4,000

6,000

30,700

3,000

8,000

9,700

4,000

6,000

30,700

5. Differentiate between source documents and vouchers.

Basis of

Difference Source Documents Vouchers

Meaning It refers to the documents in writing, containing the details of

events or transactions.

When source document is considered as evidence of an event or

transaction, then it is called voucher.

Purpose It is used for preparing accounting vouchers. It is used for analysing the transactions.

Recording It acts as a basis for preparing accounting voucher that helps in

recording. It acts as a basis for recording transactions.

Preparation It is prepared at the time when an event or a transaction occurs. It can be prepared either when an event or a transaction occurs,

or later on.

Legality/Validity It can be used as evidence in the court of law. It can be used for assessing the authentication of transactions.

Prepared By

It is prepared by the persons who are directly involved in the

transactions, or who are authorised to prepare or approve these

documents.

It is prepared by the authorised persons or by the accountants.

Examples Cash memo, invoice, and pay-in-slip, etc. Cash memo, invoice, pay-in-slip (if used as evidence), debit note,

credit note, cash vouchers, transfer vouchers, etc.

6. Accounting equation remains intact under all circumstances. Justify the statement with the help of an example.

Ans) Accounting equation signifies that the assets of a business are always equal to the total of its liabilities and capital (owners equity). The equations is as

follows:

A = L + C

Where,

A = Assets

L = Liabilities

C = Capital

The above equation can also be presented in the following forms as its derivatives to enable the determination of missing figures of Capital(C) or Liabilities(L).

(i) A L = C

(ii) A C = L

Since, the accounting equation depicts the fundamental relationship among the components of the balance sheet, it is also called the Balance Sheet Equation.

As the name suggests, the balance sheet is a statement of assets, liabilities and capital.

At any point of time resources of the business entity must be equal to the claims of those who have financed these resources. The proprietors and outsiders

provide the resources of the business.

For example,

Example 1.

1.Rohit started business with a capital of Rs. 5,00,000.

Analysis of transaction: From the accounting point of view, the resources of this business entity is in the form of cash, i.e., Rs. 5,00,000. Sources of this business

entity is the contribution by Rohit (Proprietor) Rs. 5,00,000 as Capital.

2. Opened a bank account in State Bank of India with an amount of Rs. 4,80,000.

Analysis of transaction: This transaction increases the cash in hand (assets) and decreases cash (asset) by Rs. 4,80,000.

3. Bought furniture for Rs. 60,000 and cheque was issued on the same day.

Analysis of transaction: This transaction increases furniture (assets) and decreases bank (assets) by Rs. 60,000.

4. Bought plant and machinery for the business for Rs. 1,25,000 and an advance of Rs. 10,000 in cash is paid to M/s Ramjee Lal.

Analysis of transaction: This transaction increases plant and machinery

(assets) by Rs. 1,25,000, decreases cash by Rs. 10,000 and increases liabilities (M/s Ramjee lal as creditor)by Rs. 1,15,000.

Thus the following is the accounting equation table which shows how that it remains intact under all circumstances:

Transaction 1:

Rohit started business with a capital Rs. 5,00,000

Transaction 2: Opened a bank account Rs. 4,80,000 New equation Transaction 3: Bought furniture Rs. 60,000 New equation Transaction 4: Bought plant and machinery for Rs. 1,25,000 and an advance of Rs. 10,000 in cash is paid New equation

Total

Assets(Rs.) = Liabilities(Rs.) + Capital (Rs.) Plant & Cash + Bank + Furniture + Machinery = Creditors + Capital

+5,00,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 5,00,000 (- 4,80,000) + 4,80,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 20,000 + 4,80,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 5,00,000 0 + (- 60,000 ) + 60,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 20,000 + 4,20,000 + 60,000 + 0 = 0 + 5,00,000 (-10,000) + 0 + 0 + 1,25,000 = 1,24,000 + 0 10,000 + 4,20,000 + 60,000 + 1,25,000 = 1,15,000 + 5,00,000 6,15,000 = 6,15,000

Numerical Questions

Analysis of Transactions

1. Prepare accounting equation on the basis of the following :

(a) Harsha started business with cash Rs.2,00,000

(b) Purchased goods from Naman for cash Rs. 40,000

(c) Sold goods to Bhanu costing Rs.10,000 for Rs. 12,000

(d) Bought furniture on credit Rs. 7,000

(Ans: Asset = cash Rs. 1,60,000 + Goods Rs. 30,000 + Debtors Rs. 12,000

+ Furniture Rs. 7,000 = Rs. 2,09,000; Liabilities = Creditors Rs. 7,000 +

Capital Rs. 2,02,000 = Rs. 2,09,000)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1: Harsha started business with cash Rs.2,00,000 Transaction 2: Purchased goods from Naman for cash Rs. 40,000 New equation Transaction 3: Sold goods to Bhanu costing Rs.10,000 for Rs. 12,000 New equation Transaction 4: Bought furniture on credit Rs. 7,000 New equation

Total

Assets (Rs.) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital(Rs.) Stock Cash + of Goods + Debtors + Furniture = Creditors + Capital

+2,00,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 2,00,000 (-40,000) + 40,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 1,60,000 + 40,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 2,00,000 0 + (- 10,000 ) + 12,000 + 0 = 0 + 2,000 1,60,000 + 30,000 + 12,000 + 0 = 0 + 2,02,000 0 + 0 + 0 + 7,000 = 7,000 + 0 1,60,000 + 30,000 + 12,000 + 7,000 = 7,000 + 2,02,000 2,09,000 = 2,09,000

2. Prepare accounting equation from the following:

(a) Kunal started business with cash Rs.2,50000

(b) He purchased furniture for cash Rs. 35,000

(c) He paid commission Rs. 2,000

(d) He purchases goods on credit Rs. 40,000

(e) He sold goods (Costing Rs.20,000) for cash Rs. 26,000

(Ans: Asset = Cash Rs. 2,39,000 + Furniture Rs. 35,000 + Goods Rs. 20,000 = Rs. 2,94,000; Liabilities = Creditors Rs. 40,000 + Capital Rs. 2,54,000=

Rs. 2,94,000)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1: Kunal started business with cash Rs.2,50,000 Transaction 2: purchased furniture for cash Rs. 35,000 New equation Transaction 3: He paid commission Rs. 2,000 New equation Transaction 4: He purchases goods on credit Rs. 40,000 New equation Transaction 5: He sold goods (Costing Rs.20,000) for cash Rs. 26,000 New equation

Total

Assets Rs) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital( Rs.) Stock Cash + of Goods + Furniture = Creditors + Capital

+2,50,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 2,50,000 (-35,000) + 0 + 35,000 = 0 + 0 2,15,000 + 0 + 35,000 = 0 + 2,50,000 (-2,000) + 0 + 0 = 0 + (- 2,000) 2,13,000 + 0 + 35,000 = 0 + 2,48,000 0 + 40,000 + 0 = 40,000 + 0 2,13,000 + 40,000 + 35,000 = 40,000 + 2,48,000 26,000 + (-20,000) + 0 = 0 + 6,000 2,39,000 + 20,000 + 35,000 = 40,000 + 2,54,000 2,94,000 = 2,94,000

3. Mohit has the following transactions, prepare accounting equation:

(a) Business started with cash Rs. 1,75,000

(b) Purchased goods from Rohit Rs. 50,000

(c) Sales goods on credit to Manish (Costing Rs. 17,500) Rs. 20,000

(d) Purchased furniture for office use Rs. 10,000

(e) Cash paid to Rohit in full settlement Rs. 48,500

(f) Cash received from Manish Rs. 20,000

(g) Rent paid Rs. 1,000

(h) Cash withdrew for personal use Rs. 3,000

(Ans: Cash Rs. 1,32,500 + Goods Rs. 32,500 + Furniture Rs. 10,000 = Rs. 1,75,000; Liabilities = Capital Rs. 1,75,000)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1: Mohit started business with cash Rs. 1,75,000 Transaction 2: Purchased goods from Rohit Rs. 50,000 New equation Transaction 3: Sales goods on credit to Manish (Costing Rs. 17,500) Rs. 20,000 New equation Transaction 4: Purchased furniture for office use Rs. 10,000 New equation Transaction 5: Cash paid to Rohit in full settlement Rs. 48,500 New equation Transaction 6: Cash received from Manish Rs. 20,000 New equation Transaction 7: Rent paid Rs. 1,000 New equation

Assets (Rs.) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital(Rs.) Stock Cash + of Goods + Debtors + Furniture = Creditors + Capital

+1,75,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 1,75,000 0 + 50,000 + 0 + 0 = 50,000 + 0 1,75,000 + 50,000 + 0 + 0 = 50,000 + 1,75,000 0 + (- 17,500 ) + 20,000 + 0 = 0 + 2,500 1,75,000 + 32,500 + 20,000 + 0 = 50,000 + 1,77,500 (-10,000) + 0 + 0 + 10,000 = 0 + 0 1,65,000 + 32,500 + 20,000 + 10,000 = 50,000 + 1,77,500 (-48,500 ) + 0 + 0 + 0 =(-50,000) + 1,500 1,16,500 + 32,500 + 20,000 + 10,000 = 0 + 1,79,000 +20,000 + 0 + (-20,000) + 0 = 0 + 0 1,36,500 + 32,500 + 0 + 10,000 = 0 + 1,79,000 (-1000 ) + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + (-1000) 1,35,500 + 32,500 + 0 + 10,000 = 0 + 1,78,000

Transaction 8: Cash withdrew for personal use Rs. 3,000 New equation

Total

(-3,000) + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + (-3000) 1,32,500 + 32,500 + 0 + 10,000 = 0 + 1,75,000 1,75,000 = 1,75,000

4. Rohit has the following transactions :

(a) Commenced business with cash Rs.1,50,000

(b) Purchased machinery on credit Rs. 40,000

(c) Purchased goods for cash Rs. 20,000

(d) Purchased car for personal use Rs. 80,000

(e) Paid to creditors in full settlement Rs. 38,000

(f) Sold goods for cash costing Rs. 5,000 Rs. 4,500

(g) Paid rent Rs. 1,000

(h) Commission received in advance Rs. 2,000

Prepare the Accounting Equation to show the effect of the above transactions on the assets, liabilities and capital.

(Ans: Assets = Cash Rs. 17,500 + Machine Rs. 40,000 + Goods Rs. 15,000 = Rs. 72,500; Liabilities = Commission Rs. 2,000 + Capital Rs. 70,500

= Rs. 72,500)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1: Rohit started business with cash Rs. 1,50,000 Transaction 2: Purchased machinery on credit Rs. 40,000 New equation Transaction 3: Purchased goods for cash Rs. 20,000 New equation Transaction 4: Purchased car for personal use Rs. 80,000

Assets (Rs.) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital(Rs.) Stock Advance Cash + of Goods + Machinery = Creditors + Commission + Capital

+1,50,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 1,50,000 0 + 0 + 40,000 = 40,000 + 0 + 0 1,50,000 + 0 + 40,000 = 40,000 + 0 + 1,50,000 (-20,000)+ 20,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 0 1,30,000 + 20,000 + 40,000 = 40,000 + 0 + 1,50,000 (-80,000) + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + (- 80,000)

New equation Transaction 5: Paid to creditors in full settlement Rs. 38,000 New equation Transaction 6: Sold goods for cash costing Rs. 5,000 Rs. 4,500 New equation Transaction 7: Paid rent Rs. 1,000 New equation Transaction 8: Commission received in advance Rs. 2,000 New equation

Total

50,000 + 20,000 + 40,000 = 40,000 + 0 + 70,000 (-38,000 ) + 0 + 0 = (-40,000) + 0 + 2,000 12,000 + 20,000 + 40,000 = 0 + 0 + 72,000 +4,500 + (-5,000) + 0 = 0 + 0 + (- 500) 16,500 + 15,000 + 40,000 = 0 + 0 + 71,500 (-1000 ) + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + (-1000) 15,500 + 15,000 + 40,000 = 0 + 0 + 70,500 2,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 2,000 + 0 17,500 + 15,000 + 40,000 = 0 + 2,000 + 70,500 72,500 = 72,500

5. Use accounting equation to show the effect of the following transactions of M/s Royal Traders:

(a) Started business with cash Rs.1,20,000

(b) Purchased goods for cash Rs. 10,000

(c) Rent received Rs. 5,000

(d) Salary outstanding Rs. 2,000

(e) Prepaid Insurance Rs. 1,000

(f) Received interest Rs. 700

(g) Sold goods for cash (Costing Rs. 5,000) Rs. 7,000

(h) Goods destroyed by fire Rs. 500

(Ans: Assets = Cash Rs. 1,21,700 + Goods Rs. 4,500 + Prepaid insurance Rs. 1,000; Liabilities = Outstanding salary Rs. 2,000 + Capital Rs. 1,25,200)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1: M/s Royal Traders started business with cash Rs. 1,20,000 Transaction 2: Purchased goods for cash Rs. 10,000 New equation Transaction 3: Rent received Rs. 5,000 New equation Transaction 4: Salary outstanding Rs. 2,000 New equation Transaction 5: Prepaid Insurance Rs. 1,000 New equation Transaction 6: Received interest Rs. 700 New equation Transaction 7: Sold goods for cash (Costing Rs. 5,000) Rs. 7,000 New equation Transaction 8: Goods destroyed by fire Rs. 500 New equation

Total

Assets (Rs.) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital(Rs.) Stock Prepaid Outstanding Cash + of Goods + Insurance = Creditors + Salary + Capital

+1,20,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 1,20,000 (-10,000) + 10,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 0 1,10,000 + 10,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 1,20,000 5,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 5,000 1,15,000 + 10,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 1,25,000 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 2,000 + (-2,000) 1,15,000 + 10,000 + 0 = 0 + 2,000 + 1,23,000 (-1000) + 0 + 1,000 = 0 + 0 + 0 1,14,000 + 10,000 + 1,000 = 0 + 2,000 + 1,23,000 700 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 700 1,14,700 + 10,000 + 1,000 = 0 + 2,000 + 1,23,700 7000 + (-5,000) + 0 = 0 + 0 + 2,000 1,21,700 + 5,000 + 1,000 = 0 + 2,000 + 1,25,700 0 + (-500) + 0 = 0 + 0 + (-500) 1,21,700 + 4,500 + 1,000 = 0 + 2,000 + 1, 25,200 1,27,200 = 1,27,200

6. Show the accounting Equation on the basis of the following transaction:

(a) Udit started business with:

(i) Cash Rs. 5,00,000

(ii) Goods Rs. 1,00,000

(b) Purchased building for cash Rs. 2, 00,000

(c) Purchased goods from Himani Rs. 50,000

(d) Sold goods to Ashu (Cost Rs. 25,000) Rs. 36, 000

(e) Paid insurance premium Rs. 3,000

(f) Rent outstanding Rs. 5,000

(g) Depreciation on building Rs. 8,000

(h) Cash withdrawn for personal use Rs. 20,000

(i) Rent received in advance Rs. 5,000

(j) Cash paid to himani on account Rs. 20,000 (k) Cash received from Ashu Rs. 30,000

(Ans : Assets = Cash Rs. 2,92,000 + Goods Rs. 1,25,000 + Building Rs. 1,92,000 + Debitors Rs. 6,000 = 6,15,000: Laibilities = Creditors Rs. 30,000 + Outstanding

Rent Rs. 5,000 + Rent Rs. 5,000 + Capital Rs. 5,75,000 = Rs. 6,15,000)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1: Udit started business with:

(i) Cash Rs. 5,00,000 (ii) Goods Rs. 1,00,000

Transaction 2: Purchased building for cash Rs. 2,00,000 New equation Transaction 3: Purchased goods from Himani Rs. 50,000 New equation Transaction 4: Sold goods to Ashu (Cost Rs. 25,000) Rs. 36, 000 New equation Transaction 5: Paid insurance premium Rs. 3,000 New equation

Assets (Rs.) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital(Rs.) Stock Outstanding Advance Cash + of Goods + Debtors + Building = Creditors + Rent + Rent Received + Capital

+5,00,000 + 1,00,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 6,00,000 (-2,00,000) + 0 + 0 + 2,00,000 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 3,00,000 + 1,00,000 + 0 + 2,00,000 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 6,00,000 0 + 50,000 + 0 + 0 = 50,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 3,00,000 + 1,50,000 + 0 + 2,00,000 = 50,000 + 0 + 0 + 6,00,000 0 + (-25,000) + 36,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 11,000 3,00,000 + 1,25,000 + 36,000 +2,00,000 = 50,000 + 0 + 0 + 6,11,000 (-3,000 ) + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 0 + (-3,000) 2,97,000 + 1,25,000 + 36,000 +2,00,000 = 50,000 + 0 + 0 + 6,08,000

Transaction 6: Rent outstanding Rs. 5,000

New equation Transaction 7: Depreciation on building Rs. 8,000 New equation Transaction 8: Cash withdrew for personal use Rs. 20,000 New equation Transaction 9: Rent received in advance Rs. 5,000 New equation Transaction 10: Cash paid to Himani on account Rs. 20,000

New equation Transaction 11:

Cash received from Ashu Rs. 30,000

New equation Total

0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 5000 + 0 + (-5,000) 2,97,000 + 1,25,000 + 36,000 +2,00,000 = 50,000 + 5000 + 0 + 6,03,000 0 + 0 + 0 +(-8,000) = 0 + 0 + 0 + (-8000) 2,97,000 + 1,25,000 + 36,000 +1,92,000 = 50,000 + 5000 + 0 + 5,95,000 (-20,000 ) + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 0 + (-20,000) 2,77,000 + 1,25,000 + 36,000 +1,92,000 = 50,000 + 5000 + 0 + 5,75,000 5,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 5,000 + 0 2,82,000 + 1,25,000 + 36,000 +1,92,000 = 50,000 + 5000 + 5,000 + 5,75,000 (-20,000 ) + 0 + 0 + 0 = (-20,000) + 0 + 0 + 0 2,62,000 + 1,25,000 + 36,000 +1,92,000 = 30,000 + 5000 + 5,000 + 5,75,000 30,000 + 0 + (-30,000) + 0 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 2,92,000 + 1,25,000 + 6,000 +1,92,000 = 30,000 + 5000 + 5,000 + 5,75,000 6,15,000 = 6,15,000

7. Show the effect of the following transactions on Assets, Liabilities and Capital through accounting equation:

(a) Started business with cash Rs. 1,20,000

(b) Rent received Rs. 10,000

(c) Invested in shares Rs. 50,000

(d) Received dividend Rs. 5,000

(e) Purchase goods on credit from Ragani Rs. 35,000

(f) Paid cash for house hold Expenses Rs. 7,000

(g) Sold goods for cash (costing Rs.10,000) Rs. 14,000

(h) Cash paid to Ragani Rs. 35,000

(i) Deposited into bank Rs. 20,000

(Ans: Assets = Cash Rs. 37,000 + Shares Rs. 50,000 + Goods Rs. 25,000 + Bank Rs. 20,000 = Rs. 1,32,000; Liabilities = Capital Rs. 1,32,000)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1: Started business with cash Rs.1,20,000 Transaction 2:

Rent received Rs. 10,000 New equation Transaction 3: Invested in shares Rs. 50,000 New equation Transaction 4:

Received dividend Rs. 5,000 New equation Transaction 5: Purchase goods on credit from Ragani Rs. 35,000 New equation Transaction 6: Paid cash for household Expenses Rs. 7,000 New equation Transaction 7: Sold goods for cash (costing Rs.10,000) Rs. 14,000 New equation Transaction 8: Cash paid to Ragani Rs. 35,000 New equation Transaction 8: Deposited into bank Rs. 20,000

Assets (Rs.) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital(Rs.) Stock Cash + Shares + of Goods + Bank = Creditors + Capital

+1,20,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 1,20,000 10,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 10,000 1,30,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 1,30,000 (-50,000) + 50,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 80,000 + 50,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 1,30,00 5,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 5,000 85,000 + 50,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 1,35,00 0 + 0 + 35,000 + 0 = 35,000 + 0 85,000 + 50,000 + 35,000 + 0 = 35,000 + 1,35,000 (-7,000) + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + (-7000) 78,000 + 50,000 + 35,000 + 0 = 35,000 + 1,28,000 14,000 + 0 + (-10,000) + 0 = 0 + 4,000 92,000 + 50,000 + 25,000 + 0 = 35,000 + 1,32,000 (-35,000) + 0 + 0 + 0 = (-35,000) + 0 57,000 + 50,000 + 25,000 + 0 = 0 + 1,32,000 (-20,000) + 0 + 0 + 20,000 = 0 + 0

New equation

Total

37,000 + 50,000 + 5,000 + 20,000 = 0 + 1,32,000 1,32,000 = 1,32,000

8. Show the effect of following transaction on the accounting equation:

(a) Manoj started business with

(i) Cash Rs. 2,30,000

(ii) Goods Rs. 1,00,000

(iii) Building Rs. 2,00,000

(b) He purchased goods for cash Rs. 50,000

(c) He sold goods(costing Rs.20,000) Rs. 35,000

(d) He purchased goods from Rahul Rs. 55,000

(e) He sold goods to Varun (Costing Rs. 52,000) Rs. 60,000

(f) He paid cash to Rahul in full settlement Rs. 53,000

(g) Salary paid by him Rs. 20,000

(h) Received cash from Varun in full settlement Rs. 59,000

(i) Rent outstanding Rs. 3,000

(j) Prepaid Insurance Rs. 2,000

(k) Commission received by him Rs. 13, 000

(l) Amount withdrawn by him for personal use Rs. 20,000

(m) Depreciation charge on building Rs. 10,000

(n) Fresh capital invested Rs. 50,000

(o) Purchased goods from Rakhi Rs.10,000

(Ans: Assets = Cash Rs. 2,42,000 + Goods Rs. 1,43,000 +Building Rs.1,90,000 + Prepaid Insurance Rs. 2,000 = Rs. 5,77,000; Liabilities = Outstanding Rent

Rs. 3,000 + Creditor Rs. 10,000 + Capital Rs. 5,64,000 = Rs. 5,77,000)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1:

Manoj started business with (i) Cash Rs. 2,30,000

(ii) Goods Rs. 1,00,000

Assets (Rs.) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital(Rs.) Stock Prepaid Outstanding Cash + of Goods + Building + Debtors + Insurance = Creditors + Rent + Capital

(iii) Building Rs. 2,00,000 Transaction 2:

He purchased goods for cash Rs. 50,000 New equation Transaction 3: He sold goods(costing Rs.20,000) Rs. 35,000 New equation Transaction 4: He purchased goods from Rahul Rs. 55,000 New equation Transaction 5: He sold goods to Varun (Costing Rs. 52,000) Rs. 60,000 New equation Transaction 6: He paid cash to Rahul in full settlement Rs. 53,000 New equation Transaction 7: Salary paid by him Rs. 20,000 New equation Transaction 8: Received cash from Varun in full settlement Rs. 59,000 New equation Transaction 9: Rent outstanding Rs. 3,000 New equation Transaction 10: Prepaid Insurance Rs. 2,000 New equation

+2,30,000 + 1,00,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 5,30,000 (-50,000) + 50,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 0 1,80,000 + 1,50,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 5,30,000 35,000 +(-20,000 ) + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 15,000 2,15,000 + 1,30,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 5,45,000 0 + 55,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 55,000 + 0 + 0 2,15,000 + 1,85,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 0 = 55,000 + 0 + 5,45,000 0 + (-52,000)+ 0 + 60,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 8,000 2,15,000 + 1,33,000 + 2,00,000 + 60,000 + 0 = 55,000 + 0 + 5,53,000 (-53,000) + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = (-55,000) + 0 + 2,000 1,62,000 + 1,33,000 + 2,00,000 + 60,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 5,55,000 (-20,000) + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + (-20,000) 1,42,000 + 1,33,000 + 2,00,000 + 60,000 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 5,35,000 59,000 + 0 + 0 + (-60,000 ) + 0 = 0 + 0 + (-1,000) 2,01,000 + 1,33,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 5,34,000 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 3,000 + (-3,000) 2,01,000 + 1,33,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 3,000 + 5,31,000 -(2000) + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2,000 = 0 + 0 + 0 1,99,000 + 1,33,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 2,000 = 0 + 3,000 + 5,31,000

Transaction 11: Commission received by him Rs. 13, 000 New equation Transaction 12: Amount withdrawn by him for personal use Rs. 20,000 New equation Transaction 13: Depreciation charge on building Rs. 10,000 New equation Transaction 14: Fresh capital invested Rs. 50,000 New equation Transaction 13: Purchased goods from Rakhi Rs. 10,000 New equation Total

13,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 13,000 2,12,000 + 1,33,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 2,000 = 0 + 3,000 + 5,44,000 (-20,000) + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + (-20,000) 1,92,000 + 1,33,000 + 2,00,000 + 0 + 2,000 = 0 + 3,000 + 5,24,000 0 + 0 + (-10,000) + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + (-10,000) 1,92,000 + 1,33,000 + 1,90,000 + 0 + 2,000 = 0 + 3,000 + 5,14,000 50,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 + 50,000 2,42,000 + 1,33,000 + 1,90,000 + 0 + 2,000 = 0 + 3,000 + 5,64,000 0 + 10,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 10,000 + 0 + 0 2,42,000 + 1,43,000 + 1,90,000 + 0 + 2,000 = 10,000 + 3,000 + 5,64,000 5,77,000 = 5,77,000

9. Transactions of M/s Vipin Traders are given below.

Show the effects on Assets, Liabilities and Capital with the help of accounting Equation.

(a) Business started with cash Rs. 1,25,000

(b) Purchased goods for cash Rs. 50,000

(c) Purchase furniture from R.K. Furniture Rs. 10,000

(d) Sold goods to Parul Traders (Costing Rs. 7,000 vide Rs.9,000 bill no. 5674)

(e) Paid cartage Rs. 100

(f) Cash Paid to R.K. furniture in full settlement Rs. 9,700

(g) Cash sales (costing Rs.10,000) Rs. 12,000

(h) Rent received Rs. 4,000

(i) Cash withdrew for personal use Rs. 3,000

(Ans: Asset = cash Rs. 78,200 + Goods Rs. 33,000 + Furniture Rs. 10,000 Debtors Rs. 9,000= Rs. 1,30,200; Liabilities = Capital Rs. 1,30,200)

Solution: Accounting Equation

Transaction 1: Business started with cash Rs. 1,25,000 Transaction 2: Purchased goods for cash Rs. 50,000 New equation Transaction 3: Purchase furniture from R.K. Furniture Rs. 10,000 New equation Transaction 4: Sold goods to Parul Traders (Costing Rs. 7,000 for Rs.9,000) New equation Transaction 5: Paid cartage Rs. 100 New equation Transaction 6: Cash Paid to R.K. furniture in full settlement Rs. 9,700 New equation Transaction 7: Cash sales (costing Rs.10,000) Rs. 12,000 New equation Transaction 8: Rent received Rs. 4,000 New equation Transaction 9:

Cash withdrew for personal use Rs. 3,000

Assets (Rs.) = Liabilities (Rs.) + Capital(Rs.) Stock Cash + of Goods + Debtors + Furniture = Creditors + Capital

+1,25,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 1,25,000 (-50,000) + 50,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 0 75,000 + 50,000 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 1,25,000 0 + 0 + 0 + 10,000 = 10,000 + 0 75,000 + 50,000 + 0 + 10,000 = 10,000 + 1,25,000 0 + (-7000) + 9,000 + 0 = 0 + 2,000 75,000 + 43,000 + 9,000 + 10,000 = 10,000 + 1,27,000 (-100) + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + (-100) 74,900 + 43,000 + 9,000 + 10,000 = 10,000 + 1,26,900 (-9,700) + 0 + 0 + 0 = (-10,000) + 300 65,200 + 43,000 + 9,000 + 10,000 = 0 + 1,27,200 12,000 + (-10,000) + 0 + 0 = 0 + 2,000 77,200 + 33,000 + 9,000 + 10,000 = 0 + 1,29,200 4,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + 4,000 81,200 + 33,000 + 9,000 + 10,000 = 0 + 1,33,200 (-3,000) + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 + (-3,000)

New equation

Total

78,200 + 33,000 + 9,000 + 10,000 = 0 + 1,30,200 1,30,200 = 1,30,200

10. Bobby opened a consulting firm and completed these transactions during November, 2005:

(a) Invested Rs. 4,00,000 cash and office equipment with Rs. 1,50,000 in a business called Bobbie Consulting.

(b) Purchased land and a small office building. The land was worth Rs. 1,50,000 and the building worth Rs. 3, 50,000. The purchase price was price was paid with

Rs. 2,00,000 cash and a long term note payable for Rs. 3,00,000.

(c) Purchased office supplies on credit for Rs. 12,000.

(d) Bobbie transferred title of motor car to the business. The motor car was worth Rs. 90,000.

(e) Purchased for Rs. 30,000 additional office equipment on credit.

(f) Paid Rs. 7,500 salary to the office manager.

(g) Provided services to a client and collected Rs. 30,000

(h) Paid Rs. 4,000 for the months utilities.

(i) Paid supplier created in transaction c.

(j) Purchase new office equipment by paying Rs. 93,000 cash and trading in old equipment with a recorded cost of Rs. 7,000.

(k) Completed services of a client for Rs. 26,000. This amount is to be paid within 30 days.

(l) Received Rs. 19,000 payment from the client created in transaction k.

(m) Bobby withdrew Rs. 20,000 from the business.

Analyse the above stated transactions and open the following T-accounts: Cash, client, office supplies, motor car, building, land, long term payables,

capital, withdrawals, salary, expense and utilities expense.

Solution:

(a) Invested Rs. 4,00,000 cash and office equipment with Rs. 1,50,000 in a business called Bobbie Consulting.

Analysis of Transaction : The transaction increases cash and office equipment on one hand and increases capital on the other hand. Increases in assets are

debited and increases in capital is credited. Therefore record the transaction with debit to cash, office equipment and credit to Bobbie Consulting Capital.

Dr. Cash A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Capital(a) To Sales (g) To Client(l)

4,00,000 30,000 19,000

By Land (b) By Building (b) By Salary( f) By Utility (h) By Creditor for Office Supplies (i) By Office Equipment (j) By Drawing (m)

1,50,000 50,000 7,500 4,000 12,000 93,000

Dr. Office Equipment A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Capital(a) To Creditor for Office Equipment (e) To Cash (j) To Disposal of Equipment (j) (purchase of new asset in exchange)

1,50,000

30,000 93,000 7,000

2005 Nov.

By Disposal of Equipment (j) (transfer of old asset)

7,000

Dr. Capital A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

By Cash (a) By Office Equipment (a) By Motor Car (d)

4,00,000 1,50,000

90,000

(b) Purchased land and a small office building. The land was worth Rs. 1,50,000 and the building worth Rs. 3, 50,000. The purchase price was paid with

Rs. 2,00,000 cash and a long term note payable for Rs. 3,00,000.

Analysis of Transaction : The transaction increases land & building on one hand , decreases cash and increases bills payable on the other hand.

Increases in assets are debited , decrease in assets are credited and increases in Bills Payables are also credited. Therefore record the transaction

with debit to land & building and credit to cash & Bills Payables.

Note : Till the end of the problem we will make only one given account and use for all transactions.

Dr. Land A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Cash (b)

1,50,000

Dr. Building A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Cash (b) To Bills Payables (b)

50,000

3,00,000

Dr. Bills Payables A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov.

By Building (b)

3,00,000

(c) Purchased office supplies on credit for Rs. 12,000.

Analysis of Transaction : The transaction increases office supplies on one hand and increases creditor for office supplies on the other hand.

Increases in assets are debited and increases in liabilities are credited. Therefore record the transaction with debit to office supplies

and credit to creditor for office supplies.

Dr. Office Supplies A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Creditor for Office Supplies (c)

12,000

Dr. Creditor for Office Supplies A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Cash (i)

12,000

2005 Nov.

By Office Supplies (c)

12,000

(d) Bobbie transferred title of motor car to the business. The motor car was worth Rs. 90,000.

Analysis of Transaction : The transaction increases motor car on one hand and increases capital on the other hand. Increases in assets are debited

and increases in capital is credited. Therefore record the transaction with debit to Cash and credit to Capital.

Dr. Motor Car A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Capital (d)

90,000

(e) Purchased for Rs. 30,000 additional office equipment on credit.

Analysis of Transaction : The transaction increases office equipment on one hand and increases creditor for office equipment on the other hand.

Increases in assets are debited and increases in liabilities are credited. Therefore record the transaction with debit to office equipment

and credit to creditor for office equipment.

Dr. Creditor for Office Equipment A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov.

By Office Equipment (e)

30,000

(f) Paid Rs. 7,500 salary to the office manager.

Analysis of transaction : The payment of salary is an expense which decreases capital thus, are recorded as debits.

Credit Cash to record decrease in assets.

Dr. Salary A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Cash (f)

7,500

.

(g) Provided services to a client and collected Rs. 30,000

Analysis of transaction : Debit Cash to record increase in assets.

The payment from client on providing service is an income which increases capital thus, are recorded as credit.

Dr. Sales A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov.

By Cash (g) By Client (k)

30,000 26,000

(h) Paid Rs. 4,000 for the months utilities.

Analysis of transaction : The payment for utilities is an expense which decreases capital thus, are recorded as debits.

Credit cash to record decrease in assets.

Dr. Utilities A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Cash (h)

4,000

(i) Paid supplier created in transaction c.

Analysis of transaction : The payment to supplier creditors decreases liabilities capital thus, are recorded as debits. Credit cash to record decrease in assets.

(j) Purchase new office equipment by paying Rs. 93,000 cash and trading in old equipment with a recorded cost of Rs. 7,000.

Analysis of Transaction : The transaction increases office equipment on one hand and decreases cash and old office equipment on the other hand.

Increases in assets are debited and decreases in assets are credited. Therefore record the transaction with debit & credit to office equipment,

disposal of equipment and credit cash .

Dr. Disposal of Equipment A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Office Equipment (j) (Balance of old equipment brought forward)

7,000

2005 Nov.

By Office Equipment (j) (Amount transferred to purchase the new equipment in exchange of old equipment)

7,000

(k) Completed services of a client for Rs. 26,000. This amount is to be paid within 30 days.

Analysis of transaction : This transaction increases sales (Revenue) and increases assets (client as debtors). Increases in assets are debited and

increases in revenue are credited. Therefore record the entry with credit to Sales account and debit to client account.

Dr. Client A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Sales (k)

26,000

2005 Nov.

By Cash (l)

19,000

(l) Received Rs. 19,000 payment from the client created in transaction k

Analysis of transaction : This transaction increase assets( cash) on the one hand and decreases assets( client as debtors) on the other hand.

Increase in assets is debited whereas decrease in assets is credited. Therefore record the entry with debit to cash account and credit to client account.

(m) Bobby withdrew Rs. 20,000 from the business.

Analysis of transaction : This transaction decreases Capital , hence debit drawing account. Credit cash to record decrease in assets.

Dr. Drawing A/C Cr.

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

Date Particulars J.F. Amount

2005 Nov

To Cash (m)

20,000

2005 Nov.

19,000

11. Journalise the following transactions in the books of Himanshu:

2005 Rs.

Dec.01 Business started with cash 75,000

Dec.07 Purchased goods for cash 10,000

Dec.09 Sold goods to Swati 5,000

Dec.12 Purchased furniture 3,000

Dec.18 Cash received from Swati In full settlement 4,000

Dec.25 Paid rent 1,000

Dec.30 Paid salary 1,500

Solution

Journal

Date Particulars L.F Amount

Debit

Credit

2005 Dec.01 Dec.07 Dec.09 Dec.12 Dec.18 Dec.25 Dec.25

Cash A/C Dr. To Capital A/C (Being Business started with cash)

Purchase A/C Dr. To Cash A/C (Being goods purchased) Swati Dr. To Sales A/C (Being goods sold for cash) Furniture A/C Dr. Cash A/C (Being furniture purchased) Cash A/C Dr. Discount Allowed A/C Dr. To Swati (Being Cash received from Swati in full settlement & discount allowed) Rent A/C Dr. To Cash (Being rent paid) Salary A/ C Dr. To Cash (Being salary paid) TOTAL

75,000

10,000

5,000

3,000

4,000 1,000

1,000

1,500

100,500

75,000

10,000

5,000

3,000

5,000

1,000

1,500

100,500

12. Enter the following Transactions in the Journal of Mudit :

2006 Rs.

Jan.01 Commenced business with cash 1,75,000

Jan.01 Building 1,00,000

Jan.02 Goods purchased for cash 75,000

Jan.03 Sold goods to Ramesh 30,000

Jan.04 Paid wages 500

Jan.06 Sold goods for cash 10,000

Jan.10 Paid for trade expenses 700

Jan.12 Cash received from Ramesh 29,500

Discount allowed 500

Jan.14 Goods purchased for Sudhir 27,000

Jan.18 Cartage paid 1,000

Jan.20 Drew cash for personal use 5,000

Jan.22 Goods use for house hold 2,000

Jan.25 Cash paid to Sudhir 26,700

Discount received 300

Solution

Journal

Date Particulars L.F Amount

Debit

Credit

2006 Jan.01 Jan.02 Jan.03 Jan.04

Cash A/C Dr. Building A/C Dr. To Capital A/C (Being Business Started With Cash & Building ) Purchases A/C Dr. To Cash A/C (Being Goods Purchased) Ramesh Dr. To Sales A/C (Being Good Sold To Ramesh On Credit) Wages A/C Dr.

1,75,000 1,00,000

75,000

30,000

500

2,75,000

75,000

30,000

Jan.06 Jan.10 Jan 12 Jan.14 Jan.18 Jan.20 Jan.22 Jan.25

To Cash A/C (Being Wages Paid) Cash A/C Dr. To Sales A/C (Being Goods Sold For Cash) Trade Expenses A/C Dr. To Cash A/C (Being trade expenses paid) Cash A/C Dr. Discount Allowed A/C Dr. To Ramesh (Being cash paid by Ramesh in full settlement of his account) Purchases A/C Dr. To Sudhir (Being goods purchased on credit from Sudhir) Cartage A/C Dr. To Cash A/C (Being cartage purchased) Drawing A/C Dr. To Cash ( Being cash withdrawn by owner for personal use) Drawings A/C Dr. To Purchases (Being goods withdrawn by owner for personal use) Sudhir Dr To Discount Received A/C To Cash A/C (Being cash paid to Sudhir & received a discount ) Total

10,000

700

29,500 500

27,000

1,000

5,000

2