Grace Brewster Murray Grace Brewster Murray HopperHopper

1906-19921906-1992

Grace’s ParentsGrace’s Parents

►Grace was born on December 9,1906 to Grace was born on December 9,1906 to Walter Fletcher Murray and Mary Walter Fletcher Murray and Mary Campbell Horne Murray in New York City.Campbell Horne Murray in New York City.

►Hopper’s parents provided a strong Hopper’s parents provided a strong foundation for her inquisitiveness.foundation for her inquisitiveness.

►She shared the love of math with her She shared the love of math with her mother who studied geometry by special mother who studied geometry by special arrangement when serious study of math arrangement when serious study of math was still thought improper for women.was still thought improper for women.

Parents cont. Parents cont.

►Her father was a successful insurance Her father was a successful insurance broker despite the double amputation broker despite the double amputation of his legs. of his legs.

►He encouraged all his children through He encouraged all his children through speech and example that they could speech and example that they could do anything they put their mind to. do anything they put their mind to.

►He inspired Hopper to pursue higher He inspired Hopper to pursue higher education and to avoid being limited education and to avoid being limited to typical feminine roles. to typical feminine roles.

EducationEducation

►She applied to Vassar College in 1923 She applied to Vassar College in 1923 at the age of 16.at the age of 16.

►Hopper failed a Latin exam and Vassar Hopper failed a Latin exam and Vassar told her she must wait a year to enter told her she must wait a year to enter their their school. school.

Education Cont. Education Cont.

►She became a boarding school student She became a boarding school student at Hart ridge School in New Jersey, at Hart ridge School in New Jersey, entering Vassar a year later. She entering Vassar a year later. She graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Vassar graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Vassar in 1928 with a graduates degree in in 1928 with a graduates degree in mathematics and physics. mathematics and physics.

► In 1930, at the age of 23, she got her In 1930, at the age of 23, she got her master’s in mathematics. master’s in mathematics.

Pioneer Computer ScientistPioneer Computer Scientist

►Although you may be constricted to Although you may be constricted to feminine roles in society you can always feminine roles in society you can always set your mind to something and set your mind to something and accomplish whatever you want to attain.accomplish whatever you want to attain.

►Hopper set the standards for female Hopper set the standards for female computer scientists by being determined computer scientists by being determined and hardworking. She never gave up and and hardworking. She never gave up and accomplished it all before her death on accomplished it all before her death on January 1, 1992 in Arlington, Virginia.January 1, 1992 in Arlington, Virginia.

BugBug

►During her work with Mark II, Hopper During her work with Mark II, Hopper was credited with coining the term was credited with coining the term "bug" in reference to a glitch in the "bug" in reference to a glitch in the machinery. This story is apparently a machinery. This story is apparently a bit of computer folk-lore, however, as bit of computer folk-lore, however, as the term had already been used by the term had already been used by Harvard personnel for several years to Harvard personnel for several years to describe problems with their describe problems with their computers. computers.

Bug ContinuedBug Continued

► It is the case that she and her team of It is the case that she and her team of programmers did find a moth which programmers did find a moth which flew through an open window and into flew through an open window and into one of Mark II's relays, temporarily one of Mark II's relays, temporarily shutting down the system. The moth shutting down the system. The moth was removed and pasted into a was removed and pasted into a logbook.logbook.

InventionsInventions

►She developed the first compiler A-0, She developed the first compiler A-0, which translated symbolic which translated symbolic mathematical code into machine code.mathematical code into machine code.

►Using call numbers, the computer Using call numbers, the computer could retrieve subroutines stored on could retrieve subroutines stored on tape and then perform them.tape and then perform them.

MarriageMarriage

► In 1930, she married In 1930, she married Vincent Foster Hopper, an Vincent Foster Hopper, an English instructor with English instructor with the New York School of the New York School of Commerce.Commerce.

►She divorced him several She divorced him several years later furthermore years later furthermore proving she could stand proving she could stand on her own two feet. on her own two feet.

Quick FactsQuick Facts

►Hopper was the first woman to attain Hopper was the first woman to attain the rank of Rear Admiral in the U.S. the rank of Rear Admiral in the U.S. Navy. In 1991, she won the National Navy. In 1991, she won the National Medal of Technology. Medal of Technology.

►She pioneered COBOL, a computer She pioneered COBOL, a computer language that promoted easier access language that promoted easier access to work with computers. to work with computers.

AwardsAwards

►Defense Distinguished Service MedalDefense Distinguished Service Medal►Legion Of MeritLegion Of Merit►Meritorious Service MedalMeritorious Service Medal►American Campaign MedalAmerican Campaign Medal►World War II Victory MedalWorld War II Victory Medal►National Defense Service MedalNational Defense Service Medal►Armed Forces Reserve MedalArmed Forces Reserve Medal►Naval Reserve MedalNaval Reserve Medal

Works CitedWorks Cited

►http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/wohttp://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/hopper.htmmen/hopper.htm

►http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hophttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Hopperper

►http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hopper.htmlhopper.html

►http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Bug.GIFhttp://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Bug.GIF