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Bellringer February 7, 2012

February 7, 2012

Chapter 12, Section 1:China Reunites

Today, we will be learning about the Tang and Song

dynasties.

Objectives

Rebuilding China's EmpireA.D. 200 – Han

empire ends

*China has no central gov’t for 300 years

*Warlords (military leaders running the government) fought each other

Rebuilding China's Empire*Nomads conquered

parts of northern China

*Koreans gained independence from China and built their own civilization

Sui Dynasty*Wendi –

*General*declared emperor *reunited China (A.D.

581) *founded the Sui

dynasty

*Yangdi – Wendi’s son. Dreamed of expanding China’s territory.

Sui DynastyYangdi

Achievements*Rebuilt the great wall

*Building the Grand Canal (1,000 mile waterway linked northern, southern China)

*United China’s economy (an organized way in which people produce, sell, and buy things)

Sui DynastyYangdi

Hardships*Farmers forced to

work on building projects and pay high taxes

*Farmers revolted, army took over, killed Yangdi

*End to the Sui dynasty

Tang Dynasty*A.D. 618 – one of

Yangdi’s generals took over

Tang Dynasty formed*Last A.D. 618 – A.D.

907 Capital – Changan

Tang DynastyReforms

*Civil service exam restored, land given to farmers, and order in the country side under Taizong (most powerful emperor)

*Empress Wu – only woman to rule China alone.*Very forceful

*Added more gov’t officials*Strengthened military

forces

Tang DynastyAccomplishments

*Power regained in Asia

*Expansion*Tibet invaded*Controlled the Silk

Road *Korean Kingdoms

Forced to pay tribute*Took over Vietnam

ProblemsTang Problems

*Turks – took over Silk Road (damaged China’s economy)

*Revolts *Tibet *Farmers

*Disorder brings down dynasty (A.D. 907)Military leaders ruled

(50 yrs.)

Accomplishments*Chinese civilization

became the most advanced in the world*Enlarged gov’t

bureaucracy, reformed civil service examination system

Neo-Confucianism gained favor, emphasizing Confucian ethics, spiritual matters

*Not enough soldiers to control the empire*Tibet broke away*Nomads took over

N. China

Song DynastyProblems

*Capital moved to Hangzhou – on the coast near the Chang Jiang delta

*A.D. 960 – a general declares himself emperor

Dynasty rules from A.D. 960-1279

Buddhism in China*A.D. 150 – missionaries from

India brought Buddhism to China

*Tang Support Han dynasty was weakening *China develops into a civil

war *Need for peace and comfort

Tang rulers Not Buddhist, but allowed it

to be practiced. *Supported building of

temples

Buddhism in ChinaServices

*Ran schools *Room/food for travelers *Monks – bankers, doctors

Haters *Wrong to accept $$$$ *No marriage = no respect

for family

*A.D. 845 – officials feared growth of Buddhism monasteries & temples

destroyed Buddhism never recovered

Buddhism Spreads East*A.D. 300 –

Buddhists bring religion to Korea

*A.D. 600 – Korea is united into one country

*Buddhism grew even stronger

Buddhism Spreads EastLegend of how it spread

to Japan:

*Korea’s king wrote to Japan’s emperor claiming: “This religion is the most excellent of all teachings”

*The letter also contained Buddhist writings and a stature of the Buddha

New Confucian IdeasConfucius’ believed

that a good gov’t depended on wise leaders

*Civil service exams were a product of Confucian teachings

New Confucian Ideas*When the Han

dynasty fell it left no one to give the exams.

*Confucianism lost support

Neo-Confuciansim*This life is just as

important as the afterlife

*Supported by the Tang & Song dynasties

*Merit system – people accepted for their abilities, not their connections or wealth

Neo-Confuciansim*Many considered the

test unfair because only the wealthy could afford tutors, and only males could take the exams

*Only 1 in 5 passed.

*Scholar-officials made up a new wealthy social classNo physical workNot even taught to use

their hands

Homework