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Republic of the PhilippinesSUPREME COURT

Baguio City

EN BANC

G.R. No. 191002 April 20, 2010

ARTURO M. DE CASTRO,Petitioner,vs.JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL (JBC) !" PRESIDENT GLORIA MACAPAGAL # ARRO$O,Respondents.

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G.R. No. 1910%2

JAIME N. SORIANO,Petitioner,vs.JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL (JBC),Respondent.

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G.R. No. 1910&'

PILIPPINE CONSTITUTION ASSOCIATION (PILCONSA),Petitioner,vs.JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL (JBC),Respondent.

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A.M. No. 10#2#SC

IN RE APPLICABILIT$ O SECTION 1&, ARTICLE *II O TE CONSTITUTION TO APPOINTMENTS TO TE JUDICIAR$,ESTELITO P. MENDO+A,Petitioner,

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G.R. No. 19119

JON G. PERALTA,Petitioner,vs.JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL (JBC).Respondent.PETER IR*ING COR*ERA- CRISTIAN ROBERT S. LIM- ALONSO *. TAN, JR.- NATIONAL UNION O PEOPLESLA/$ERS- MARLOU B. UBANO- INTEGRATED BAR O TE PILIPPINES#DA*AO DEL SUR CAPTER, rpr!" 34 iI55"i P Pri"!, ATT$. ISRAELITO P. TORREON, !" 6 lr i! 6i o7! pro!l 8p8i4 MEMBER o 6PILIPPINE BAR- MITCELL JON L. BOISER- BAGONG AL$ANSANG BA$AN (BA$AN) CAIRMAN DR. CAROLINA P.ARAULLO- BA$AN SECRETAR$ GENERAL RENATO M. RE$ES, JR.- CONEDERATION OR UNIT$, RECOGNITION ANDAD*ANCE#MENT O GO*ERNMENT EMPLO$EES (COURAGE) CAIRMAN ERDINAND GAITE- :ALIPUNAN NGDAMA$ANG MAIIRAP (:ADAMA$) SECRETAR$ GENERAL GLORIA ARELLANO- AL$ANSA NG NAG:A:AISANG:ABATAAN NG SAMBA$ANAN PARA SA :AUNLARAN (ANA:BA$AN) CAIRMAN :EN LEONARD RAMOS- TA$O ANG

PAG#ASA CON*ENOR AL*IN PETERS- LEAGUE O ILIPINO STUDENTS (LS) CAIRMAN JAMES MAR: TERR$LACUANAN RIDON- NATIONAL UNION O STUDENTS O TE PILIPPINES (NUSP) CAIRMAN EINSTEIN RECEDES-COLLEGE EDITORS GUILD O TE PILIPPINES (CEGP) CAIRMAN *IJAE AL;UISOLA- !" STUDENT CRISTIANMO*EMENT O TE PILIPPINES (SCMP) CAIRMAN MA. CRISTINA ANGELA GUE*ARRA- /ALDEN . BELLO !"LORETTA ANN P. ROSALES- /OMEN TRIAL LA/$ERS ORGANI+ATION O TE PILIPPINES, rpr!" 34 $OLANDA;UISUMBING#JA*ELLANA- BELLE+A ALOJADO DEMAISIP- TERESITA GANDIONCO#OLEDAN- MA. *ERENA :ASILAG#*ILLANUE*A- MARIL$N STA. ROMANA- LEONILA DE JESUS- !" GUINE*ERE DE LEON- A;UILINO ;. PIMENTEL,JR.-ntervenors.

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G.R. No. 191%2

ATT$. AMADOR +. TOLENTINO, JR., (IBP Goo!), !" ATT$. ROLAND B. INTING (IBP!overnor-Eastern"isayas#, Petitioners,vs.JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL (JBC),Respondent.

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G.R. No. 19120

PILIPPINE BAR ASSOCIATION, INC.,Petitioner,vs.JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL !" ER E?CELLENC$ GLORIA MACAPAGAL#ARRO$O,Respondents.

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BERSAMIN, J.:

%n )arch *+, *, the Court proulgated its decision, holding/

01ERE2%RE, the Court/

*. 3isisses the petitions for certiorari and andaus in !.R. No. *4* and !.R. No. *4**54, and the petition forandaus in !.R. No. *4*6+ for being preature7

. 3isisses the petitions for prohibition in !.R. No. *4*8 and !.R. No. *4*85 for lac9 of erit7 and

8. !rants the petition in A.). No. *--6-$C and, accordingly, directs the :udicial and Bar Council/

;a# (o resue its proceedings for the noination of candidates to fill the vacancy to be created by thecopulsory retireent of Chief :ustice Reynato $. Puno by )ay *+, *7

;b# (o prepare the short list of noinees for the position of Chief :ustice7

;c# (o subit to the incubent President the short list of noinees for the position of Chief :ustice on or before)ay *+, *7 and

;d# (o continue its proceedings for the noination of candidates to fill other vacancies in the :udiciary andsubit to the President the short list of noinees corresponding thereto in accordance

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. (he )endo?a petition should have been disissed, because it sought a ere declaratory udgent and did not involvea usticiable controversy.

8. All :ustices of the Court should participate in the next deliberations. (he ere fact that the Chief :ustice sits as exofficio head of the :BC should not prevail over the ore copelling state interest for hi to participate as a )eber of theCourt.

(olentino and nting

*. A plain reading of $ection *6, Article " does not lead to an interpretation that exepts udicial appointents fro theexpress ban on idnight appointents.

. n excluding the :udiciary fro the ban, the Court has ade distinctions and has created exeptions

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*. (he constitutional ban on appointents being already in effect, the CourtDs directing the :BC to coply

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. (he collective

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8. (he opinion of :ustice Regalado is irrelevant, because $ection *6, Article " and the pertinent records of theConstitutional Coission are clear and unabiguous.

5. (he Court has erred in ordering the :BC to subit the list of noinees to the President by )ay *+, * at the latest,because no specific la< re@uires the :BC to subit the list of noinees even before the vacancy has occurred.

Boiser

*. 'nder $ection *6, Article ", the only exeption fro the ban on idnight appointents is the teporary appointentto an executive position. (he liitation is in 9eeping

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*. (he consolidated petitions should have been disissed for preaturity, because the :BC has not yet decided at thetie the petitions

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2or the intervenors to insist that "alen?uela ought not to be disobeyed, or abandoned, or reversed, and that its

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(he )ebers of the Court vote on the sole basis of their conscience and the erits of the issues. Any clai to the contraryproceeds fro alice and condescension. Neither the outgoing President nor the present )ebers of the Court had arranged thecurrent situation to happen and to evolve as it has. None of the )ebers of the Court could have prevented the )eberscoposing the Court

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Price H Bitner, Effective &egal Research, &ittle, Broor9 ;*4#, I 4.+.

8Caltex ;Phil.#, nc. v. Paloar, No. &-*46, $epteber 4, *4, * $CRA 5+

5E.g., 3ias, :urisprudence, Butter

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1.n interpreting the subect constitutional provisions, the 3ecision disregarded established canons of statutoryconstruction. 0ithout explaining the inapplicability of each of the relevant rules, the 3ecision iediately placed preiuon the arrangeent and ordering of provisions, one of the

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After sifting through the otions for reconsideration, found that the arguents are largely the sae arguents that

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guidance to the :BC in the exercise of its supervisory authority, after the latter has as9ed for assistance in this regard. (hat theCourt does this

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Not to be forgotten in reading and understanding the Constitution are the any established underlying constitutional principles that

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ay be evident in these discussions, other than the texts of the disputed provisions, prefer to exaine their purposes and theconse@uences of their application, understood

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(he other otions for reconsideration in so far as they challenge the conclusion that the President can appoint the Chief :usticeeven during the election period are li9e

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*6d. at *+.

*$eparate %pinion, pp. *4-/

A ir rli4is that the :BC cannot, on its o

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. After noon of :une 8, *, the :BC representation fro Congress

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$ee Petition on ntervention of 0(&%P, as cited in the decision in the above-captioned cases7 see also/ PBADs otionfor reconsideration.

42rancisco v. 1ouse of Representatives, !.R. No. **, Noveber *, 8, 5*6 $CRA 55, citing Civil &iberties'nion v. Executive $ecretary, *45 $CRA 8*+ ;*445#7 Peralta v. Coission on Elections, !.R. No. 5+++*, )arch **,*4+, $CRA 8 ;*4+#7 Ang-Angco v. Castillo, !.R. No. *+*4, Noveber 8, *48, 4 $CRA *4 ;*48#.

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)acalintal v. Coission on Elections, !.R. No. *6+*8, :uly *, 8, 8* $CRA *5, citing Chiongbian v. 3e &eon, Phil ++* ;*454#.

8*Article " for the &egislature, Article " for the Executive, and Article " for the :udiciary.

8$ee )atibag v. Benipayo, !.R. No. *548, April , , 8 $CRA 547