Gr 1: History of Information Systems and its Importance

Introduction to IS

Group No.1

What is Information System (IS)?

Means a system for generating, sending, receiving, storing or otherwise processing electronic communications;

A combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization.

Historical Perspective

Information Systems have been around a long time.

People have always been the backbone of an IS


Previous to computers, telephones were probably the biggest innovation that improved information systems.

Previous to telephones, Paper was the big innovation.

What will be the next big thing?


Year Activity

Mainframe computers were used

Computers and data were centralized

Systems were tied to a few business functions: payroll, inventory, billing

1970 Programming in

COBOL (completely absolute business oriented language)


Year Activity

Main focus was to automate existing processes

PCs and LANs are installed Departments set up own

computer systems End-user computing with

Word Processors and Spreadsheets makes departments less dependent on the IT department

1980

PC support, basic networking


Year Activity

Main focus is automating existing processes

Wide Area Networks (WANs) become corporate standards

Senior management looks for system integration and data integration. No more stand-alone systems

1990

Network support, systems integration, database administration


Year Activity

Main focus is central control and corporate learning

Wide Area Networks expand via the Internet to include global enterprises and business partners – supply chain and distribution

Senior management looks for data sharing across systems

2000

Network support, systems integration


Year Activity

Main focus is efficiencies and speed in inventory, manufacturing, distribution, Transaction processing system, Decision support system etc.

Current situation after 2000

Network support, systems integration

Team work

Importance of Information Systems in an Organization Communication: An information systems can make communication process more efficient

by allowing managers to communicate rapidly. Email is quick and effective, but managers can use information systems even more efficiently by storing documents in folders that they share with the employees who need the information.

Operations: You can use information systems to gain a cost advantage over

competitors or to differentiate yourself by offering better customer service. Sales data give you insights about what customers are buying and let you stock or produce items that are selling well.

Importance of Information Systems in an Organization

Decisions: The company information system can help you make better

decisions by delivering all the information you need and by modeling the results of your decisions. If more than one choice looks appealing, you can use the information system to run different scenarios. For each possibility, the system can calculate key indicators such as sales, costs and profits to help you determine which alternative gives the most beneficial result. AIMMS

Records: The information system stores documents and revision histories,

communication records and operational data. You can use such information to prepare cost estimates and forecasts and to analyze how your actions affected the key company indicators.

AIMMS (Advanced Interactive Multidimensional Modeling System)

Components of an Information System

Computer Hardware Technologies

Examples Dell PowerEdge 2600 File Server Apple PowerBook G4 Sony LCD Flat Panel Monitor iPod IDAutomation USB Barcode Scanner RFID Chip

Computer Software Technology

Examples Windows XP Graphics Card Driver Software PowerPoint mySAP Customer Relationship Management Peachtree Accounting iTunes Software

Telecommunications Network Technologies

Examples Ethernet Netgear Wireless Router Cable Modem Cell Phone WiFi, WiMax Bluetooth

Data Resource Management Technologies

Examples IBM DB2 8.2 Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Oracle Database 10g MySQL Data Mining Software

People Technology

People are the 5th component of an Information System

Everyone forgets the importance of people in an information system.

Example: End User, Data Entry Person, Manager, Programmer, DB Administrator, Cashier, Secretary, Professor.

IT for E-commerce

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Supports Operations Updates Operational Databases Examples:

ATM Machine System – Banking Transactions Cash Register System – Point of Sale Transactions Accounting System – Checking Account Transactions Even Pay-per-view or OnDemand is a TPS

Management Information System (MIS)

Supports Management (duh?) Analysis & Reporting Charts, Graphs, Summary Tools Examples:

SCT Banner – Managing College Information (Siena uses it)

Spreadsheet (Excel) – One of the first and most basic Oracle's Corporate Performance Management

Decision Support System (DSS)

Decision Support System (DSS)

Support Management What-if Analysis, Decision Modeling, Scenario

Building, Highly interactive, ad hoc. Examples

Enterprise Decision Manager 2.0 Fair Isaac Corporation

AIMMS 3.6 Most DSS’s are custom developed for specific

companies; very few out-of-the-box products.

References

http://www.dvdbinders.co.uk/terms.asp http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information-system.html#ixzz2zmTDrwkE http://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-information-systems-organization-69529.html https://www.google.com.pk/url?

sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&uact=8&sqi=2&ved=0CGQQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F89705&ei=0qpYU630L42wPL2PgKAP&usg=AFQjCNHk_F-Tj4bxIeAspqT-UuJ5L37t0g&sig2=XUNJm5rybknNxC6UvhnNZQ&bvm=bv.65397613,d.ZWU

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090507035318AAyUBN4 https://www.google.com.pk/url?

sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=9&cad=rja&uact=8&sqi=2&ved=0CHYQFjAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.calpoly.edu%2F~eli%2Fpdf%2Fi%2526m-97.pdf&ei=0qpYU630L42wPL2PgKAP&usg=AFQjCNEA7ylJGWZRg-DdKIlmE7fQqhWR6A&sig2=IBcRnqvN8nmaK4B5lP43PQ&bvm=bv.65397613,d.ZWU

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110511214635AA0HdDb http://www.tutor2u.net/business/ict/intro_information_system_types.htm https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090708035610AA8sVGh http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/287895/information-system http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/55237/Structure-of-organizational-information-

systems-Information-systems-consist-of-three?topicId=287895

Gr 1: History of Information Systems and its Importance

Education

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