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GPS, Why, What and How

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Where am I?

Valco Shopping Center

You are here

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Classical Navigation Methods

Dead Reckon

Landmarks

Celestial Navigation

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Looser!!!

Christopher Columbus got lost!!!!

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24/7 Anywhere, Always!!

• Precision Navigation 24/7• All kinds of weather• Anywhere on the earth• Premium military access• World wide civilian access

“Surgical” Military Strike

1957 Sputnik

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0°0’0”N, 0°0’0”E

prime meridian

Greenwich, EnglandDegrees

MinutesSeconds

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The Three GPS Segments

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Satellites, Launch Vehicles

Block IIBlock IIR -12

Block IIA -10

Block IIRM -7 Block IIF -2

Delta II CCAFB

Atlas E VBAFB

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Atomic Clock

• Most Accurate Time Source Devised by man.

• 1 Second Drift every 100,000 years• All Satellites are Time Synchronized

• GPS time is accurate to within 14ns* * *

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• GPS Satellites Orbit at about 11,000 miles high

• All Satellites circle the earth twice a day.

• 31 Active Satellites

• 36 Orbit Slots

• Decommissioned & Spare Satellites

• 2 Watt Transmitters

Space Segment Facts

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• All orbits are elliptical

• All orbits are periodic

• Orbiting bodies move faster when closer to planet/sun.

Kepler’s Laws, Planetary Motion

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Control Segment- Master Control

2nd Space Operations Squadron (2SOPS)

Shreiver AFB Base, Colorado Springs, CO.

Master Control Station

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GPS Control Segment

Cape Canaveral Ascension Diego Garcia Kwajalein

Global Ground Network

Ground Antennas

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• Global Ground Network• Master Control Station• Track GPS Satellites• Monitor Satellite Transmissions• Perform Analyses• Monitor Solar Activity• Send Corrective Commands to Satellites.• Ensures Accurate GPS signals 24/7

Control Segment

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User Segment

Joe Hiker

Fleet Vehicle ManagementDisaster Mapping - GeoTag

SurveyingRail Roads - PTCYachting

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How ? - Lost Hiker

Lost Hiker

Landmark 1

Landmark 2

Landmark 3

(XLM1,YLM1)

(XLM2,YLM2)

(XLM3,YLM3)

(xLH,yLH)

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Lost Hiker, Cont.

Lost Hiker

Landmark 1

Landmark 2

Landmark 3

(XLM1,YLM1)

(XLM2,YLM2)

(XLM3,YLM3)

(xLH,yLH)

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Intersection of Spheres

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Measuring the distance to a Satellite

Distance = (Speed of Light) * Time

Satellite Pseudo Random Code

Receiver Pseudo Random Code

GPS Satellite

GPS Receiver

Speed of Light = 186,000 miles/sec

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Ionosphere & Tropshpere

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Chabot College Parking Lot

37° 38’ 34.38” N

122° 06’ 18.48” W

Typical Accuracy 5m–6m

Worst Case 20M

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CDMA Cell Phone Contacts

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GPS time – Cell Tower

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First John Deere Tractor

1923

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2012 “Fully Load” John Deere

• Inertial Navigation• Precision Lasers• GPS Navigation

• “Hands Free” Ops• Air Conditioning

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Modern Tractor Cabin

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“Connected Farming”

Differential GPS

GPS“Psuedolite”

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Prescription Map – Pests,Weeds

Host Controller

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Good Clean Tractor Fun

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JPALS, Aircraft Carrier Landings

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• Electrical Engineers• Ceramic Engineering• Mechanical Engineers• Civil Engineers• Computer Engineering• Environmental Engineering• Fire Protection Engineering• Chemical Engineers• Materials Engineering• Software Engineers• Logistical Engineers• Aeronautical Engineers• Process Engineers• You Name It Engineers

Engineering Disciplines

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Q & A