GPLA HD BIM - gregorypluth.com

GPLA May 21, 2018 GPLA HD BIM© 2018 Gregory P Luth & Associates, Inc All rights reserved

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GPLA HD BIMGregory P. Luth, Ph.D., S.E., SECB

Gregory P. Luth & Associates , Inc. Santa Clara, California

© 2017 Gregory P Luth & Associates, Inc All rights reserved


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Gregory P. Luth & Associates, Inc.

GPLA is a structural engineering consulting firm characterized by creative design, proactive problem-solving, and constructible designs.

We have a 40 year history of designing buildings, bridges, and special structures.

GPLA is THE world leader in HD BIM – an innovative design process pioneered by GPLA that we believe will revolutionize our industry.

GPLA is a leader in performance based seismic design


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HD BIM 3

GPL/GPLA Role in Industry

BS, University of Alaska, 1974; MS. Stanford, 1975; Ph.D., Stanford (CIFE), 1991

We design building structures ( some bridges and special structures) and have been doing that since 1976

Most often sub to architects in traditional design-bid-build

Licensed in all 50 states and work in many, (Maine, West Virginia, Florida, Ohio, Missouri, Texas, Colorado, Arizona, California, Washington State in past 5 years)

We design structures for major ($100 million plus) building projects for which we author HD BIM (High Definition Building Information Models) that are used directly to generate the shop drawings and the CNC data required to fabricate and erect our structures


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The Hyatt Regency & HD BIM 4

Albert Einstein, German born American Physicist 1879-1955

”Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results”

Corollary 1: If you want the same results, do the same thing.

Corollary 2: If you want something better do something different.

Corollary 3: To do better, find out the best and do better.


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Four Current Trends that Are Revolutionizing the AEC Industry–

• Performance-Based Design (PBD)

• HiDef BIM (HD BIM)

• Virtual Design & Construction (VDC)

• Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)


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“It is no longer reasonable to design structures based solely on the strength approaches contained in current codes. We must focus on performance based design that considers all limit states relevant to the owner and society and pays tribute to life cycle cost considerations.”

January, 1995

Helmut Krawinkler, Professor Emeritus of Structural EngineeringStanford University

April 6, 1940 – April 16, 2012


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20th Century Design and Construction

• Specialization produces silos of knowledge• Litigation produces silos of responsibility• Process produces paperwork

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21st Century Design and Construction – Virtuous Cycle

• Knowledge creates master builder renaissance• Integrated teams and processes lead to hyper-efficiency• Big Data provides transparent life cycle processes

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We believe that the best design is one in which all the important decisions regarding, materials, means, methods, sequences, and schedules are made

during the design when all the impacts and costs project wide can be considered and when the design itself can be altered to optimize schedule,

quality, cost and supply chain issues

In light of the potential offered by the digital revolution, the traditional design process is an anachronism that we can no longer afford because too many of the critical decisions are left for the construction team to sort out

after the design has been “finalized”

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High Definition Building Information Modeling (HD BIM)

HD BIM utilizes a Building Information Model containing the high level of detail and precision necessary to visualize, design, detail, fabricate, and install all elements of a building with sufficient reliability that the interaction of elements, the sequence of construction, and the labor activities can be defined and planned to a level of granularity similar to manufacturing.

This is currently achievable for the structural subsystems in a building, but requires a change in the current standards of practice.

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HD BIM Principles

• One federated BIM model, live on the cloud, with all disciplines visible to each other during authoring,

• Incorporates final construction knowledge and details

• Handed off to Facility Management

• Used as repository of data and knowledge for the life cycle

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Case Study 1 – USC School of Cinematic Arts, 2006 -2010

USC School of Cinematic Arts – Phase I

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Anchor Bolts

5 – 1” Anchor Bolts Embedded 40”

Transfer Overturning Tension to Foundation Walls

Steel and concrete in the same model for coordination

USC LOD

With design HD BIM vs construction HD BIM, you get all the pieces in the same model for coordination during design

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MEP Coordination

USC Phase II Federated Model

Note that the architectural and MEP models are overlaid on the structural model during authoring

These are screen shots of the structural design model which is being used for steel shop drawings, rebar shop drawings (by EOR), and light gage stud framing shop drawings

Architectural Coordination

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- 1 million square feet of light gage walls and associated roofs- Free-standing concession and restrooms on 5 decks, design-build by GC- GPLA design for hurricane, customized details for prefab, and prepared shop drawings- Design, fab, install completed in 10 months avoiding $10 million LD’s

Case Study 2 – Daytona Rising, Daytona, Beach, Florida 2013 - 2014 16


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Case Study 2 – Daytona Rising, Daytona, Beach, Florida 2013 - 2014

Objectives:- Prefabrication- Reduce cost- Aggressive schedule

Constraints:- Layout had to be developed based on Tekla model of

field measured existing steel locations and slab elevations

- Prefabricated panels had to accommodate all MEP openings and hardware

Prefabricated Panelized Plumbing Walls

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18Case Study 3 - Yale University Residential Colleges, New Haven, Connecticut, 2014 - 2015- 600,000 sq. ft. of new 5 story concrete construction- Service to Owner - HD BIM services in collaboration with the design team

Scope included:- Rebar constructability review of contract documents - Rebar modeling - Quantity check- Rebar shop drawings with bar list in format dictated by

the rebar subcontractor

Unit Price Rebar :- CM/sub estimate 90% drawings low 3200 tons high 4800 tons- Initial 6 week model – 2500 tons (basis for unit price)- Final shop drawings – 2900 tons (paid at unit price)

Modeling and Shop Drawing Effort:- Architectural changes 400 CCD’s- Hours spent modeling and producing shop drawings - 12000


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19Case Study 3 - Yale University Residential Colleges, New Haven, Connecticut, 2014 - 2015Example Issue:- 15,000 lineal feet of 10x24 beams - 2#10 top continuous and 2#9 bottom

continuous beams through 10x24 columns- #3 @ 3” closed stirrupsThe use of industry standard details resulted in:- Lap splices increased tonnage 50% - Rebar cages had to be assembled in place- Heavy hooked bars from both directions

were impossible to place in the corners

All of these problems were eliminated by changing 1 typical detail to improve constructability while preserving structural integrity

ORIGINAL DETAIL

GPLA DETAIL


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20Case Study 3 - Yale University Residential Colleges, New Haven, Connecticut, 2014 - 2015


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Case Study 4 – Tesla Gigafactory, Sparks, Nevada, 2016 - 2017

5 Buildings, 3.8 million sq ft, 2 floors and roof, all composite steel & concrete on deck. Gravity and lateral framing uncoupled to accelerate mill order and fabrication for 90% of steel.First use of innovative fused strongback BRB seismic systemSchedule: start design April 15, 2016, order steel May 5, start steel fab June 6, start steel erection July 6, complete steel erection November 15, release to process March 2017

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Example: (for 3.4M sf!!)

• Model 3 Launch – Day 1…pre-orders climb to 400,00

• Steel Mill order: Day 48 (enough design was done to start…)

• Break Ground: Day 86

• First Pick (Steel Erection): Day 116

• MEP Initial Design: Day 155

• Room Turnover: Day 310 (10 months)

From John Vardaman,Senior Construction Manager

September, 2016



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How?

Integrated delivery – Electrical, Plumbing, Mechanical, and Construction Administration all in house (Tesla). Where we don’t have enough horsepower or expertise, we bring in great partners like GPLA and have full transparency inside Tesla Motors, Inc

From John Vardaman, September, 2016



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Structural Engineering Keys to Success

• Use design strategy with interleaved activities to complement construction schedule

• Focus on design critical path – order steel ASAP, complete design & shop drawings by time steel arrives plant, use bolted field connections, develop prefab exterior wall to weather proof fast

‾ Develop robust lateral system to accommodate changes

‾ Develop simple but robust gravity system that can be extended and modified easily (lots of shear studs)

‾ Uncouple lateral and gravity for design and erection

• Use integrated design, detailing, and fabrication team using same cloud-based Tekla model with detailers under the control of the structural engineer (change management)



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Key Structural Engineering Objectives & Pre-requisites

1. Get steel into the fabrication shops

a) Complete steel design, complete 3D modeling of gravity system, and extract mill order from model

2. Supply fabrication shops with shop drawings

a) Extract shop drawings from design model

3. Submit drawings and calculations for permit

a) Complete building design, including foundations, assemble comprehensive calculation package including documentation of global analysis for gravity and seismic forces and design calculations for each element of the building



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Structural Engineering Strategies to Support Schedule1. Concurrent editing of SINGLE cloud-based model by all members of design

construction team2. Issue construction drawings prior to permit drawings and calcs3. Three structural teams providing HD BIM design

• Design/modeling team (GPLA) – concept & mill order• Analysis team (Exponent Failure Analysis) – permit calcs• Detailing team (DGI & BDS Vircon) – shop drawings

4. Uncouple gravity and lateral systems for design – issue gravity (80% of steel) ahead of seismic system steel

5. Provide high performance gravity system with double bay at 3rd floor and robust slab for 350 psf and fork lift traffic

6. Provide performance-based seismic design for superior performance, economy, and repairable damage in maximum EQ field bolted for minimum erection time

7. Panelize wall system design and integrate MEP supports



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Robust Structural System• Final structural and equipment layout in constant

flux – structural system must accommodate drastic design changes at any time with little or no rework

• Design objectives: speed & adaptability• Most members standardized based on worst-

case loading scenario• Strongbacks and Buckling Restrained Braces

(BRBs) allow for dramatic changes in building configuration with little/no rework

27Case Study 4 – Tesla Gigafactory, Sparks, Nevada, 2016 - 2017


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28Krawinkler Fuses (Yielding Devices)

Backbone CurveMultilinear plastic element with kinematic hardening



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Static Pushover Analysis

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Base Shear vs. Roof Drift for One Frame



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Selected Design versus Code-Level Moment Frame DesignRoof Drifts and Roof Absolute Accelerations

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Time (sec.)

Roo

f Drif

t (in

.)

Moment FrameStrongback+BRBs+KFs

Max. 16.8”

Max. 8.5”

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Time (sec.)R

oof A

bs. A

ccel

erat

ion

(g)

Moment FrameStrongback+BRBs+KFs

Max. 0.6g

Max. 0.36g



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Details For Uncoupling Design with Robust Connections



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Federated Tekla Model - All

MEP Pipe Hangers Spot Cooler Support Structure

Federated Tekla model – MEP & S



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Modular Catwalk



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September 15, 2016 Building D’ Steel Complete

Case Study 4 – Tesla Gigafactory, Sparks, Nevada, 2016 - 2017 35


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Gigafactory Top Out November 7, 20165 Buildings

3.5 million Square Feet32,000 tons of structural steel

9500 tons of rebarAll steel and rebar shop drawings from GPLA HD BIM model

7 months from first phone call

Case Study 4 – Tesla Gigafactory, Sparks, Nevada, 2016 - 2017 36


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Building G - Stamping Presses and Injection Molding Kick-off January 26, 2017 – Action Items for Key Team Members

GPLA, Tesla, W&W/AFCO Steel

Case Study 5 – Tesla Gigafactory Building G, Sparks, Nevada, 2016 - 2017 37


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Tesla Gigafactory Area G – Progress 5/31/2017 150 ft x 250 ft.

Case Study 5 – Tesla Gigafactory Building G, Sparks, Nevada, 2016 - 2017


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39Case Study 5 – Tesla Gigafactory Building G, Sparks, Nevada, 2016 - 2017


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40Case Study 5 – Tesla Gigafactory Building G, Sparks, Nevada, 2016 - 2017

January 19, 2018 Press installed and nearing operational status


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Observations

Incomplete design is the source of many of the problems in our industry.

In light of the potential offered by the digital revolution, the traditional design process is an anachronism that we can no longer afford

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• HD BIM works, we’ve been doing it for 11 years and the results are consistently good.

• But it’s a disruptive technology.

• It requires changes in process and work flow

• It requires changes in the culture (risk, reward, trust) across the

board for both design and construction professionals.

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• Both designers and constructors are comfortable with the status quo.

• Designers aren’t expected to know anything about construction and therefore are not expected to complete their design.

• Constructors expect to be paid extra to close the gaps in the design and rework it once all the details are known.

• Owners pay for the changes required for the construction team to “bring a design home.”

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• Sooner or later, someone will discover that there are huge savings to be had by applying information technology and discipline to the construction industry

• When that happens, change will come at the insistence of owners. The potential benefits are too great to be left on the table.

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• The problem with HD BIM is that it is TOO FAST.

• Traditional methods of planning, managing, and controlling the work cannot keep up with the process.

• All of the traditional processes are GLACIALLY SLOW PAPER PROCESSES

• Paper just can’t be processed as fast as HD BIM can produce a building

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• Paper is too slow.

• We have to develop methods of tracking decision-making, questions and answers, and all communication processes automatically and electronically.

• Code conformance should be a by-product of the virtual tracking process. Paper permit sets should be a thing of the past.

• What does it take to make this happen?

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• How do you do quality control?

• The most effective means of checking a structural design is to examine the design on a conceptual level,

Does it have a complete load path?

Have all elements of the load path been designed?

Are these criterion met for every step in the construction process?

All of these are qualitative data about the structure

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• What are the concepts we need to manage our construction plans?

• What concepts are required to support the financial accounting aspects of the project?

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In our Tekla models every change is recorded in an auditable form including who made the change. We need to extend that to include the reason for the change.

That requires the ability to process qualitative concepts and data.

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• We need to be able to track productivity in the field not by paper reports, but by actually monitoring the time it takes to do an individual activity.

• Can this be done automatically using intelligent video monitoring coupled with artificial intelligence?

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All of these things will result in data that needs to be stored and mined for fundamental knowledge of the processes that are being monitored. Using techniques of analyzing big data we can detect trends that can help improve our processes.

The same logic can be extended to procurement through integrated, reliable, world-wide, supply chains enabled by block-chain technology

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The following slides were provided by

Cliff Bourland, Cliff Consulting, Dallas

a geologist turned architect who was the PM for the design architect on Case Study 1 –USC School of Cinema

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T H E G O A L O F H D B I M I S T O U S E A L L T H E D ATA A B O U T

T H E D E S I G N A N D C O N S T R U C T I O N O F A

B U I L D I N G T O M A K E B E T T E R D E C I S I O N S

Models - objects, assemblies, graphics - can be created from many sources so not all the data is going to be in the same format. This is when the various forms of data get trapped in the software and Big Data can’t access it. This is where the AEC industry is stuck.


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T H I S I S T H E W O R L D T O D AY ! T H E R E I S N O

C E N T R A L P O I N T O F D ATA S H A R E D B E T W E E N

A L L T H E P I E C E S O F S O F T W A R E R E Q U I R E D F O R A C O N S T R U C T I O N

P R O J E C T.

The 3D Graphical drawing companies say that all the parts, which are pictures represented in the models have data therefore; if you put the parts together, then the data is there too. This belies the TRUTH. Because all the data only exists in partitioned, siloed, static parts of the graphical software programs.


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H D B I M I S :

1. faster

2. predictable

3. complete

4. comprehensive

5. simultaneous

6. scalable

7. searchable

8. shareable

9. responsive

10. Integrating and manipulating all the data (Big Data) is what has the potential to reimagine and improve the AEC industry.


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W H AT W O U L D H A P P E N I F W E

C O U L D U S E H D B I M F O R E V E R Y P H A S E

O F A B U I L D I N G P R O J E C T ?

• With HD BIM, you don’t need estimates, if the data is comprehensive and accurate, the quantities are known. The outcome predictable. The challenge is maximizing the efficiency of the labor and the quality of of the work.



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What is needed is a “non-denominational” facility database that all BIM software writes

to and reads from to support all life cycle activities, not just design and construction

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It’s been a long road, but we still have miles to go before we sleep

The future will come, progress will come, it is, as ever it has been, inevitable.

What will the future hold?

Will we lead, or will we follow?

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Thank you!

GPLA HD BIM - gregorypluth.com

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