Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines Published on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au) Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines This story discusses trauma and violence inflicted upon the Indigenous peoples of Tasmania through the process of colonisation. Content within this story may be distressing to some readers. Often incorrectly attributed to Governor Thomas Davey (1758-1823), the Proclamation Board is actually Governor George Arthur’s (1784-1854) Proclamation to the Aborigines. The Board presents a four-strip pictogram that attempts to explain the idea of equality under the law. Those who committed violent crimes, in Van Diemen’s Land (now Tasmania), be they Aboriginal Australian or European settler, would be punished in the same way. a928138h.jpg [1] Page 1 of 15
Transcript of Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines
Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines
This story discusses trauma and violence inflicted upon the Indigenous peoples of Tasmania through the processof colonisation. Content within this story may be distressing to some readers.
Often incorrectly attributed to Governor Thomas Davey (1758-1823), the Proclamation Board is actually GovernorGeorge Arthur’s (1784-1854) Proclamation to the Aborigines. The Board presents a four-strip pictogram thatattempts to explain the idea of equality under the law. Those who committed violent crimes, in Van Diemen’s Land(now Tasmania), be they Aboriginal Australian or European settler, would be punished in the same way.
a928138h.jpg [1]
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
Share [2]
Governor Davey's [sic - actually Governor Arthur's] Proclamation to the Aborigines, 1816 [sic - actually c. 1828-30]
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
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George Arthur issued several printed Proclamations during his term as Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen’s Landin an effort to reduce the number of violent interactions between the Aboriginal peoples and the British settlers: aperiod of violence often referred to as The Black War.
As I have explored elsewhere, “the decimation of the First Peoples of Van Diemen’s Land (now Tasmania) wassystematic and swift. First Contact was an emotionally, intellectually, physically, and spiritually confronting series ofencounters for the Indigenous inhabitants”. There were a few examples of peaceful interactions between theIndigenous peoples and the settlers but the inevitable competition over limited resources, and the “intensity withwhich colonists pursued their ‘claims’ for food, land, and water, quickly transformed amicable relationships intohostile rivalries”. Conflict was inevitable, with Jennifer Gall observing that, as “European settlement expanded inthe late 1820s, violent exchanges between settlers and Aboriginal people were frequent, brutal and unchecked”.The result was the near-annihilation of the original custodians of the land. Indeed, as John Morris has written:
"In 1803, when the first settlers arrived in Van Diemen’s Land, the Aborigines had already inhabited the island forsome 25,000 years and the population has been estimated at 4,000. Seventy-three years later, Truganinni, [oftencited as] the last Tasmanian of full Aboriginal descent, was dead."
The seriousness of the conflict was reflected in George Arthur’s 1828 Proclamation, published in The Hobart TownCourier, which begins:
Whereas, at and since the primary Settlement of this Colony, various acts of aggression, violence andcruelty have been, from different causes, committed on the Aboriginal Inhabitants on the Island by Subjectsof His Majesty.
The Proclamation Board is a very curious, colonial object. The Board did not achieve the purpose for whichit was designed and produced.
George Frankland (1800-1838), the Surveyor General, wrote to Governor Arthur in early 1829 and suggested theProclamation Board (sometimes referred to as a Picture Board or the Tasmanian Hieroglyphics) as a visual tool tosupport these printed Proclamations. The Proclamation Board borrows from one of the traditional methods ofcommunication for Indigenous peoples: the leaving of drawings on the bark of trees. Governor Arthur’sProclamation was painted onto Boards and then mounted on trees in remote areas where they would be seen bythe Aboriginal peoples. It was also important that settlers saw these Boards as many settlers could not read orwrite; they, too, would have needed a visual communication tool to understand the Proclamation.
The first image shows Aboriginal people and European settlers living together peacefully. The second image showsleaders, representing the British and the Indigenous, shaking hands. Kate Darian-Smith and Penelope Edmondspoint out that this “conciliatory handshake between the British governor and an Aboriginal ‘chief’, is highlyreminiscent of images found in North America on treaty medals and anti-slavery tokens”.
The third and fourth images demonstrate the repercussions for committing violence. In the third image anAboriginal Australian man spears a male white settler and is hanged; the scene is replicated when a white settler
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
shoots an Aboriginal man and is also hanged. Both men are executed under the direction of the Governor.
Different sections of Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines
About this item:
Governor Davey's [sic - actually Governor Arthur] Proclamation to the Aborigines, 1816 [sic actually c.1828-30]
first_section_0.png [5]
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
About this item: Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines, ca. 1828-1830
Second section of Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines [8]
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
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www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/second_section_0.png","mediaMime":"image\/png","transcriptUrl":null,"width":650,"height":210}Call # SAFE / R 247 [9]Digital ID: IE3318471View collection item detail [10]
About this item: Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines, ca. 1828-1830
Third section of Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines [11]
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
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About this item: Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines, ca. 1828-1830
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
Fourth section of Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines [13]
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
Fourth section of Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines {"type":"image","clickUrl":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/collection-items\/fourth-section-governor-arthurs-proclamation-aborigines","thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/thumbnail\/public\/fourth_section.png?itok=0mrpLPlO","thumbnailLarge":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large\/public\/fourth_section.png?itok=1FdUUBZY","mediaDerivativeUrls":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/thumbnail\/public\/fourth_section.png?itok=0mrpLPlO","large":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/large\/public\/fourth_section.png?itok=1FdUUBZY","responsive__quarter_hd":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/responsive__quarter_hd\/public\/fourth_section.png?itok=T5rrw7TV","responsive__half_hd":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/responsive__half_hd\/public\/fourth_section.png?itok=_2dKWBVK","responsive__full_hd":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/responsive__full_hd\/public\/fourth_section.png?itok=3Jq3xNeg"},"mediaUrl":"https:\/\/www.sl.nsw.gov.au [3]\/sites\/default\/files\/fourth_section.png","mediaMime":"image\/png","transcriptUrl":null,"width":2000,"height":842}Call # SAFE / R 247 [9]Digital ID: IE3318471View collection item detail [14]
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
About this item: Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the Aborigines, ca. 1828-1830
FL3318481 [15]
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
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Approximately 100 Proclamation Boards, oil on Huon pine, were produced. Of these, there are seven knownsurviving Boards. One of these Boards is held in the collections of the State Library of NSW, having beenpurchased from J.W. Beattie in May 1919 for £30.
Importantly, the title of the record acknowledges both the popular attribution of the Board and the man who actuallyinstigated the Board’s production: “Governor Davey’s [sic – actually Governor Arthur] Proclamation to theAborigines, 1816 [sic – actually c. 1828-30].”
Khadija von Zinnenburg Carroll has described how the Boards were produced by convict artists who had beenincarcerated in the island penal colony. A drawing was completed, then a technique of the Italian Renaissanceknown as pouncing – the pricking of the contours of a drawing with a pin over another surface (in this case Huonpine boards), then dusting the drawing with charcoal, the charcoal dust filling the pin holes to produce an outline –the images, once outlined in this way, were then painted in oil.
The Proclamation Board is a very curious, colonial object. The Board did not achieve the purpose for which it wasdesigned and produced. Yet, this four-strip pictogram was not a complete failure for it serves, today, as a powerfulreminder of the processes of colonisation and impacts of these processes upon Indigenous peoples.
References
Arthur, George. “Proclamation.” The Hobart Town Courier 19 Apr. 1828: 1.Carroll, Khadija von Zinnenburg. Art in the Time of Colony: Empires and the Making of the Modern World,1650-2000. Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing, 2014.Darian-Smith, Kate and Penelope Edmonds. “Conciliation on Colonial Frontiers.” Conciliation on ColonialFrontiers: Conflict, Performance and Commemoration in Australia and the Pacific Rim. Eds. Kate Darian-Smith and Penelope Edmonds. New York: Routledge, 2015. 1–14.Franks, Rachel. “A True Crime Tale: Re-imagining Governor Arthur’s Proclamation to theAborigines.” M/C: Journal of Media and Culture. 18.6 (2015): online.
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Governor Arthur's Proclamation to the AboriginesPublished on State Library of NSW (https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au)
Gall, Jennifer. Library of Dreams: Treasures from the National Library of Australia. Canberra: NationalLibrary of Australia, 2011.Morris, John. “Notes on a Message to the Tasmanian Aborigines in 1829, popularly called ‘GovernorDavey’s Proclamation to the Aborigines, 1816’.” Australiana 10.3 (1988): 84–7.
Source URL:https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/stories/governor-arthurs-proclamation-aborigines#comment-0
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