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Contact Information: Government Contact Office:KDP Office in Aceh Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Regional Mgmt Unit, Wilayah 1 NAD Jl. Tgk. Syech Mudawali No.E-19 Jl T. Iskandar (Simpang Ilie) Banda Aceh 23242 Lr. Tgk. Bak Ara No.4 Tel: 0651-26326, 26325, 26324 Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh Fax: 0651- 26325 Tel/Fax: 0651-22700 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] [email protected]
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KDP ACTIVITIES POST-TSUNAMI 2005
Road construction in Kecamatan Tiro, Kabupaten Pidie
Irrigation canal in Pante Rheng village, Kec. Samalanga, Kab. Biruen
Bridge construction in Sagoe village, Kec. Tringgading, Kab. Pidie
Kindergarten construction in Kab. Aceh Selatan Meeting to discuss scholarship for elementary students in Kab. Aceh Selatan
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KECAMATAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ACEH HIGHLIGHTS in 2005
1. Infrastructure and Social Assistance Delivered in 2005
215,412 meters of roads (252 village roads) constructed or rehabilitated 1,190 meters of bridges (94 bridges) constructed or rehabilitated 26 piped water systems 68 storage reservoir units 153 irrigation and drainage projects 49 public washing facilities 30 school buildings Educational scholarships and school equipment packages valued at IDR 763 million (USD 76,300)8 village health clinics Support to 53 groups (400 persons) for livelihood activities Emergency funds worth IDR 1,676 million (USD 167,600) or 24,125 household packages - distributed for relief supplies57,113 persons employed through KDP infrastructure works
2. Damage and Needs Assessment Survey
Post-Tsunami Damage Assessment was conducted by KDP from February to March 2005 in 87 project kecamatan. Government and developmentagencies used this damage assessment for rehabilitation programming.
3. Supporting the Peace Process
Socialization of Peace Messages and MOU - KDP supported the socialization of peace messages and the MOU between the Government and GAM. KDP employed its extensive facilitator network to distribute some110,000 peace posters and copies of the MOU to villages throughout theprovince.Survey of Post-Conflict Needs – KDP facilitators participated in a World Bank- sponsored study of community attitudes towards the peace processand levels of conflict.Assistance for Post-Conflict Reconstruction – Plans were finalized to channel funds through KDP for post-conflict reconstruction to former GAMcombatants and conflict- affected villages. Program to begin in early 2006.
4. Expansion of KDP Network to All Villages in Aceh
KDP expanded to all rural villages in Aceh. Its extensive network of 10,800 consultants and facilitators assists with post-Tsunami and post-conflict development activities.
5. Cooperation with Development Partners
KDP worked in partnership with some 17 development agencies in: (i) providing information regarding village conditions and community priorities; (ii) facilitating community mobilization for donor-supported activities; and (iii) undertaking new development initiatives.
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1. Overview
The Kecamatan Development Program (KDP) is a national Government of Indonesia program aimed at alleviating poverty and improving local governance. KDP began in 1998 and is implemented by the Ministry of Home Affairs, Community Development Office (PMD). The program is funded through government budget allocations, donor grants, and loans from the World Bank. KDP provides block grants of approximately Rp 500 million to Rp 1.5 billion (approximately USD 50,000 to USD 150,000) to sub districts (kecamatan).Villagers engage in a participatory planning and decision-making process to allocate those resources for their self-defined development needs and priorities. KDP operates in 29 of the country’s 32 provinces. KDP began operations in Aceh in 1998 and remained active despite the civil strife in the province.
On June 27, 2005, the Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Aceh and Nias approved a US$ 64.7 million grant to expand KDP so that it could cover all sub-districts in Aceh. This amount was further increased with US$ 13.5 million in grants provided by the Governments of Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom.
2. Loss of Life and Infrastructure Damage Due to the Tsunami
As with all sections of Aceh society, KDP Aceh was significantly impacted by the Tsunami of December 26, 2004, and the earthquake of March 28, 2005. For KDP, the cost in human life was heavy with 9 sub district facilitators and 21 village facilitators killed. Virtually all KDP Aceh staff lost significant numbers of family members.
2005 Operational KDP Sub Districts Damaged by the TsunamiPrior to the tsunami, and KDP’s expansion into 221 sub districts in 2005, the Program was operating in 111 sub districts. Thirty eight sub-districts (34%) of those sustained tsunami and/or earthquake damage ranging from severe to moderate, thus leaving 73 sub districts undamaged. It should be noted however, that not all villages in the sub districts affected were damaged.
Table 1 shows the total number of KDP sub districts that were damaged as a direct result of the tsunami and earthquake. At the time of the tsunami the 38 operational KDP sub districts that were hit were nearly all already in KDP 2. These sub districts have been operational from the date of the tsunami up to the present.
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However, 49 new sub-districts were also badly damaged by the tsunami. These new sub-districts are still in the socialization and training stage and have not yet started implementation. KDP inherited the very considerable infrastructure damage that these areas sustained.
Table 1: KDP Sub Districts Affected by the Tsunami Districts Affected (Kabupaten)
KDP2 Sub-Districts (Kecamatan)
New Locations in 2005 (Kecamatan)
Total KDP Subdistricts (Kecamatan)Affected
Aceh Selatan 2 4 6Aceh Barat Daya 1 2 3Aceh Timur 4 3 7Aceh Tamiang 0 3 3Aceh Besar 6 2 8Pidie 6 7 13Aceh Utara 6 1 7Lhokseumawe 0 1 1Bireuen 5 8 13Aceh Singkil 3 0 3Simeulue 5 3 8Aceh Tengah 0 0 0Bener Meriah 0 0 0Gayo Lues 0 0 0Aceh Tengah 0 0 0Aceh Jaya 0 5 5Aceh Barat 0 7 7Nagan Raya 0 1 1Total Sub Districts 38 49 87
Damage AssessmentKDP conducted a comprehensive damage assessment in 87 kecamatan from February to March 2005 to determine the level of damage sustained by all village infrastructure and housing. This assessment was not just limited to KDP constructed infrastructure.
The level of damage sustained was categorized into one of three general classifications. The results of the assessment are shown in the table below.
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Table 2: Level of Damage by KDP Sub districts (Kecamatan)Level of Damage Caused by Tsunami Total Sub districts Heavily Damaged/Rebuild 24Badly Damaged (but repairable) 38Moderate to Light Damage (not urgent) 25Total KDP Kecamatan Damaged 87Undamaged 133
The damage survey was completed in March 2005
The ‘before’ (upper) and ‘after’ (lower)photograph (right) of one KDP Phase 2 village completed in 2003, gives an indication of what is meant by the classification, ‘Rebuild’. It is effectively a euphemism for total destruction. For a sub district to receive this classification, the majority of villages within the sub district would have sustained close to the level of damage shown in these two photographs. Damage levels varied considerably within this classification. For instance, some villages were stripped of every building, while others had a few houses and buildings left standing; but even those were for the most part damaged beyond repair. In all cases, local infrastructure was basically destroyed.As shown in Table 2 above, 24 KDP sub districts suffered this level of damage.
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Table 3. overleaf contains a summary of total infrastructure damage suffered by the main types of infrastructure that KDP normally provides. This summary table only contains damage information for the 7 districts listed below. No damage reports were prepared for Aceh Barat, Aceh Jaya or Nagan Raya because KDP was not active in those districts, and no facilitators were present at the time of the Tsunami.
1. Aceh Besar 2. Pidie3. Aceh Timur 4. Bireuen5. Aceh Utara6. Simeulue7. Aceh Singkil
Remains of building in Baitussalam that used to contain the KDP facilitator’s office.
Table 3
.
SUM
MARY T
ABLE
TSUNAM
I D
AM
AGE F
OR 7
DISTRICTS -
KDP I
NFRASTRUCTURE
FEBRUARY 2
005
Level Of D
amage R
ecorded
I
I
I
III
IV
Infrastr
uctu
re
Type
Units
N
ot
M
inor
Majo
r
T
ota
l D
amaged
Repairs
R
epairs Replacement
Needed
Needed
Kabupate
n R
oads
Mete
r13
0,5
78
48
05
36
82
35
119
48
Desa S
tone A
ccess R
oads
Mete
r5
175
85
27
86
57
47
815
40
5D
esa D
irt
Access R
oads
Mete
r3
40
86
187
75
167
77
310
0H
am
let
Sto
ne A
ccess R
oads
Mete
r2
70
172
82
53
196
98
28
50
Ham
let
Dir
t A
ccess R
oads
Mete
r10
98
816
39
111
65
56
85
Roads
Desa S
tone B
order R
oads
Mete
r4
46
67
53
39
04
75
97
0D
esa D
irt
Border
Roads
Mete
r2
014
814
50
20
00
100
Sto
ne R
oads t
o F
ield
sM
ete
r3
50
29
90
913
52
24
Dir
t R
oads t
o F
ield
sM
ete
r15
53
79
01
38
55
515
Roadsid
e D
rain
age
Unit
25
812
01
50
52
65
Reta
inin
g W
alls
Mete
r5
54
714
28
44
1815
08
4Bridges
Concrete
Unit
59
55
78
57
Ste
el F
ram
eU
nit
714
1111
Wooden F
ram
eU
nit
26
41
115
23
1S
uspensio
nU
nit
52
58
Wate
r S
upply
Open W
ell
Unit
40
142
76
32
718
63
49
Well w
ith H
andpum
pU
nit
169
56
Well w
ith E
lectr
ic P
um
pU
nit
31
137
69
2Public S
tandpip
eU
nit
33
61
Dis
trib
uti
on P
ipes
Mete
r6
72
72
44
515
22
124
18Catc
hm
ent
Head W
orks
Unit
53
60
Sand F
ilte
rs
Unit
03
01
Rain
Wate
r S
torage
Unit
78
04
28
67
15
14Public W
ashing
Bath
ing, W
ashin
g, T
oilet
Unit
63
59
51
112
Facilities
Bath
ing a
nd W
ashin
g o
nly
Unit
170
43
47
199
Village M
arkets
Unit
45
24
35
148
Irrigation
Dam
sU
nit
24
104
1510
Irrig
ati
on W
eir
sU
nit
170
05
01
313
5Canals
Mete
r3
36
35
23
35
23
68
1019
712
Housing
Houses
Unit
78
34
718
26
88
09
149
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3. KDP in Aceh: Coverage Before and After the Tsunami
KDP began operations in Aceh in 1998 and remained active despite the civil strife in the province. KDP is currently active in all 5,716 rural villages in the province. The program was expanded to include all 17 rural districts in 2005 to assist with post-Tsunami reconstruction efforts and post-conflict reintegration and reconciliation. (See district map Appendix 1.)
Table 5: KDP Geographical Coverage in Aceh, 2005 Administrative Levels KDP in Aceh
2004KDP in Aceh
2005Districts (Kabupaten)
10 17
Sub districts (Kecamatan)
111 221
Villages (Desa)
2,923 5,716
“In our village, KDP officials work very well with the community. We worked together to record all the people who were Tsunami victims. The FKs also gave us information about what kind of assistance was available fromwhich NGOs so that we could avoid overlapping.”- Villager in Kec. Peukan Bada, Kab. AcehBesar
Source: BPS, KDP Aceh. Notes: Data for KDP is for Cycles 5 & 6.
To accommodate KDP’s expansion into the entire province, the Project increased the number of district and sub district consultants, and elected village facilitators. By 2005, KDP had mobilized 10,804 consultants and elected village facilitators throughout the province.
Table 4: KDP Consultants & Facilitators in Aceh 2005 Consultants & Facilitators Totals 2004 Totals 2005
Provincial Consultants 6 7District Consultants (KM)(Technical, Social & Information/PR)
16 34
Sub district Consultants/ Facilitators (FK)(Technical, Social & Information/PR)
233 *473
SubTotal Consultants/Facilitators (above village level) 245 514Village Facilitators (FD)(elected by community - one male, one female)
5,846 *10,290
Total Consultants & Village Facilitators 6,101 10,804Notes: *Some districts share consultants and village facilitators after districts split.
9 Sub district Consultants and 21 Village Facilitators were killed in the tsunami.
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Information Facilitators
The additional personnel for the Aceh program also includes a new innovation for KDP in the form of 28 sub district Information Facilitators (FKI). This new type of facilitator will supplement the ‘Technical’ and ‘Empowerment’ facilitators who have so far been the backbone of KDP. The responsibilities of the information facilitators cover most aspects of data collection, information sharing and communication with stakeholders and external partners (NGOs, donors, etc) of the Program.
New Information Facilitators in training
Information facilitators will also be responsible for dissemination of information about the Program to local stakeholders. They will also document extensively program activities through photographs, video and articles written for the wider community. Part of this role will require establishing good contacts with journalists and the media.
Participation LevelsA key factor in the success of the KDP method is the level of participation of villagers at all stages of the process. High levels of participation during village and inter-village meetings ensure that transparency is maintained throughout the process. Facilitators carefully record the numbers of men and women who attend each of the nine main village and inter-village meetings.
Facilitators also rank the quality participation during each meeting into one of four levels: 1. ‘Very Active’; 2. ‘Active’; 3. ‘Average’; and 4. ‘Low’. Most meetings were ranked as very active or active. Facilitators also record the number of those in attendance who are classified by their own communities as ‘poor’. This additional statistic is collected to determine to what extent the poor are able to participate during meetings and influence the process of project formulation and final selection.
The highest attendance figures are always recorded for the first and second full village meetings, and the special women’s meetings. The reason for the high attendance is because crucial decisions about village priorities and project
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selection are taken at these meetings. Attendance at subsequent meetings drops on average to about 8% of the attendance of the larger meetings because the function of those meetings is mainly for reporting and accountability purposes.
Attendance figures recorded to date for 2005 show that a total of 203,299 people attended all meetings held so far, and that 56% were women and 76% were classified as ‘poorer’ members of the community.
4. KDP Assistance for Infrastructure, Social, Economic & Emergency Relief to Date for 2005
During 2005 KDP communities in Aceh chose to invest 86.2% of their block grants in small-scale rural infrastructure such as roads, bridges, clean water supply, irrigation and canals. About 1.6% of total funds were allocated to economic activities including revolving funds for women, and soft loans to groups for small businesses and agriculture. For education, KDP communities allocated 5.9% of their funds to school building construction and renovation, scholarships and the purchase of school materials. Health facilities such as pre/post natal clinics and general village clinics received about 1.0% of the funds allocated.
The table below shows the cumulative assistance provided to approximately 2,920 KDP Cycle 5 villages, between December 2004 and October 2005.
Table 6: KDP Assistance Provided to Aceh - December 2004 to Oct 2005 Type of Assistance/Activity Units Supplied/Constructed Project Value (Rp) Roads 252 roads/ 215,412 meters Rp 11,547,591,162 Bridges 94 bridges/ ± 1,190 meters Rp 2,765,651,649 Piped Water Systems 26 projects/ 31,230 meters Rp 1,657,577,570 Storage Reservoirs 68 units Rp 994,045,461 Irrigation & Drainage 153 projects/ 98,709
metersRp 9,418,287,078
Public Washing Facilities 49 units Rp 908,881,743 School Buildings 30 buildings Rp 1,094,254,639 Scholarships & Equipment Scholarships & equip
packetsRp 762,868,757
Village Health Clinics 8 units Rp 334,545,552 Revolving Funds/Credit 53 groups (408 people) Rp 495,101,000 Emergency Relief Funds 24,125 Assistance packets Rp 1,676,660,645 TOTAL ASSISTANCE Rp 31,655,465,256 Total People Employed 57,113 people
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Emergency Assistance ‘Social Fund’ For Tsunami Affected Villages
The tsunami hit 38 operational sub districts at various stages of project implementation. Many locations were unable to continue as their ground work had been destroyed, or their entire needs assessment was no longer relevant. Worse still, many faced immediate shortages of basic necessities such as food, blankets, tarpaulins, water containers, household utensils and cooking equipment that could not wait.
“We received money for daily necessities from the KDP emergency social fund. Part of it was used to buy mattresses, and part of it we used to buy household utensils.”
- The Village Head in Kec. PeukanBada, Kab. Aceh Besar
KDP’s response to this situation was rapid and addressed real needs first. As shown in Table 6, 5.3% of the total KDP funds for 2005 (Rp 1,676,660,645) were allocated to emergency relief by Tsunami affected communities.
In almost all cases, villages that were hit by the tsunami still had funds in their communal accounts that had not yet been disbursed. They were permitted toallocate 25% of these funds to any pressing social needs that they deemed to be urgent and necessary. The items to be purchased were detailed in‘procurement packets’ for recording purposes and then the funds were distributed to those in need. Nearly all the villages that were involved in this scheme were KDP 2 in either Cycle 4 or 5 at the time of the tsunami.
In addition to the first allocation of ‘social funds’, the affected villages were also permitted to allocate another 25% of the next cycle of KDP funding to their ‘social fund’ if they decided that there were still families and individuals inneed of assistance. New villages joining KDP for the first time are also entitledto allocate 25% of their block grants for social purposes as long as they are tsunami affected villages.
5. Contributions and Commitments From Other Donors KDP has leveraged funding and technical support from other donors and NGOs to accelerate the pace of reconstruction in KDP villages. To a significant degree these offers of assistance have been a way for many donor agencies and NGOs to try and speed up the disbursement of their own aid budgets to those in need, while at the same time avoiding the establishment of new programs and different processes.
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Every donor agency and NGO currently on the ground in Aceh has experienced long and frustrating delays due to a lack of local and central government coordination. KDP’s unique status in Aceh, as a well established community based rural development program operating since 1998, has placed it in a position to act as a conduit for channeling additional assistance from other donors.
Bill Clinton special UN envoy visiting a KDP village in Baitussalam in Aceh (Feb 12, 2005)
KDP’s comparative advantage on the ground in Aceh is quickly turning it into an aid magnet for those agencies which do not have KDP’s access to rural communities. Nor are other agencies able to quickly replicate its CDD methodology to ensure that large block grants can get to those in need through a well planned and transparent process managed by the communities themselves.
So far 17 different NGO and Donor agencies have already contributed, or committed resources to KDP activities, they include:
1. OXFAM2. Mercy Corps 3. PCI/Concern4. Handycap Int’ 5. ADB6. UN-Habitat 7. AUSAid8. UN Information Center 9. IOM10. CARE International 11. New Zealand Aid (NZAid) 12. UNDP
Andrew Steer, World Bank Country Director visiting a KDP village in Baitussalam in Aceh (Feb 12 2005)
13. ILO14. BRR and UNMIS 15. CIDA16. DfID17. MDTF
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“All assistance we receive from NGOs or KDP is covered by individual agreementletters. The FKs help us to draft the letters, so that all parties clearly understand the agreements.”
- The Village Head in Kec. Peukan Bada, Kab.Aceh Besar
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A more detailed description of the support the agencies listed above have offeredto KDP can be seen in Appendix 2.
Village halls built in cooperation with KDP with assistancefrom AUSAid
Other NGOs Using KDP Village Meetings
Apart from the NGOs and donors that are actively partnering with KDPfor specific projects, there are also a few NGOs that have effectively used the KDP village meetings to help thembetter focus their aid. ‘UpLink’ has joined with a local LSM called ‘UrbanPoor Consortium’ to do communityhousing projects in Aceh. They haveused KDP village meetings to determine actual needs in the villages where they operate. The village meetings provide an ideal forum to ensure participation and transparencyin the way they offer housingassistance.
Village housing built by UpLink and Urban Poor Consortium in kecamatan Peukan Bada.
Another NGO that has used the KDP planning cycle to initiate new activities isCARE International. KDP helped identify needy villages and CARE provided in-kindsupport to approximately 70 water and sanitation sites, mainly in Aceh Besar. Thiscollaboration was subsequently formalized in writing with an MOU. Up to 120 moresites may be covered. KDP has been tasked with identifying the relevant villagesites. CARE support has been in the form of materials for construction of MCKs (public latrines/bathing facilities) with a total value, to date, of about USD 120,000.
6. Female Headed Households’ Program in Aceh
An associated program with KDP, Program Perempuan Kepala Keluarga (Pekka),has worked with widows and female heads-of-households in Aceh since 2001. This program originally grew out of KDP work. Prior to the Tsunami, Pekka was working with 1,295 women in 53 poor villages in seven sub districts of five districts: Aceh Besar; Pidie; Biereun; Idie Rayuk; and Tangan-Tangan. The program has helped organize women into groups and provided micro-finance and livelihood skills training. In response to the Tsunami, the Pekka womens’ groups organized and managed emergency relief in the affected villages by delivering food, medicines, clothing and cash for survivors. Pekka received private donations of Rp 600 million from groups in Indonesia and overseas, and has used these funds to give emergency relief to members and other villagers to restart economic activities. Pekka has also helped rebuild houses for members who lost their houses during the Tsunami. They’ve finished building nine houses and 15 more houses are under construction.
In November 2005, Pekka received a grant from the Japanese Support Development Fund to expand its work in Aceh to support organizing and advocacy activities, housing and infrastructure development, education and livelihood activities.
This future program will reach 100 villages in the abovementioned five districts, and benefit approximately 5,000 poor families.
Pekka members help rebuild a house for one of their members in Kabupaten Biereun
7. KDP’s Post-Conflict Work in Aceh
Socialization of Peace Messages and MOU - After the September 2005 signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government and the GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka), KDP assisted the Government to publicize the peace agreement and peace messages.
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KDP employed its extensive facilitator network to distribute some 110,000 peace posters and copies of the Memorandum of Understanding to villages throughout the province. This was done on behalf of ‘The Government of Indonesia/GAM Socialization Team for Peace in Aceh', a joint GoI/GAM initiative responsible for publicizing and explaining the terms of the peace agreement to the people of Aceh. Aceh ladies reading the MOU
Survey of Post-Conflict Needs - KDP facilitators also participated in a World Bank–sponsored study of community attitudes to the peace process.The research team drew on the extensive local knowledge of KDP kecamatan facilitators and government project managers (PjOK) in a key informant survey for the “Conflict and Recovery in Aceh” report. Furthermore, in early 2006, KDP plans to field a village-level survey province-wide, in Tsunami and post-conflict areas, to better assess village infrastructure and social needs.
Aceh women displaying a Peace Poster
Assistance to ex-GAM Combatants - As the peace process moves forward, KDP is likely to become involved in a number of aspects of post-conflict reconstruction. KDP is currently finalizing plans with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to channel reintegration funds to former GAM combatants and post-conflict villages.
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8. Implementation Problems to Date in Aceh
8.1. Problems with Disbursement of DIPA (Project Block Grant Budgets)
DIPA (Government budget disbursement) Problems – The undisbursed DIPA for 2004 financial year and the new DIPA for the 2005 financial year were both held up by procedural changes to the national budgetary system. The Department of Finance implemented the new procedures in January 2005. These changes affected disbursement at all levels of government including local government. Disbursement delays held up the remaining portion of the KDP 2004 financial year budget and as a result funds were only received in Aceh in late May or early June of 2005.
The DIPA for the 2005 financial year was only available in Aceh in late July due to the same reason. The DIPA for 2005 was held up again due to revisions to include funds from MDTF, AUSAid, CIDA and DfiD. These funds are still not available in Aceh or Nias because of confusion concerning disbursement procedures at local BRI branches in Aceh, and at local offices of the State Treasury (KPPN).
This problem is being addressed by central government officials from the Department of Home Affairs and the Department of Finance who have already been dispatched to Aceh to explain the new procedures to all the parties involved in Aceh. It should be noted that this problem mainly concerns villages trying to access the second round of the 25% social fund allocation. Preparations for disbursing KDP block grants for infrastructure and other activities are still in the early preparation stages and therefore do not yet meet KDP criteria for disbursement.
The new budgetary procedures also slowed down payments to Consultants for salaries, procurement and field work further adding to the problems experienced by the villages. Aceh and Nias have received special treatment from the Department of Finance which has allowed the undisbursed portion of the 2005 DIPA for Aceh and Nias to be carried over to April 2006. If this is not carried over smoothly to 2006 by the central government, KDP Aceh will face serious implementation delays again in early 2006.
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8.2 Disbursement Problems with Special Emergency Relief Funds
As explained above, in addition to the first allocation of ‘social funds’, Tsunami affected villages were also permitted to allocate another 25% of the next cycle of KDP funding to their ‘social/emergency fund’ if they decided that there were still families and individuals in need of assistance. New villages joining KDP for the first time are also entitled to allocate 25% of their block grants for social purposes as long as they are tsunami affected villages.
A number of villages have already started to apply for their second trance of special social funds. Unfortunately many are having difficulties getting their money from local BRI branches and the State Treasury (KPPN) due to confusion about new disbursement procedures for the next allocation of funds. However, central government officials from the Department of Home Affairs and the Department of Finance have already been dispatched to Aceh to resolve these problems.
8.3. Capacity of KDP Villages to Absorb Additional Assistance
KDP in Aceh is being asked to channel much greater volumes of direct cash (and non-cash) assistance to its villages than ever before. KDP’s rural network and method of operation are seen as an effective and participatory way for NGOs and donors (including the World Bank) to rapidly disburse some of the very large aid pledges they made to support reconstruction in Aceh.
However, the pressure for KDP to disburse ever greater volumes of cash to its villages brings with it major issues that must be addressed immediately. Care needs to be taken to ensure that the CDD method is not compromised in the interests of more rapid disbursement.
The largest projects in KDP villages are usually infrastructure. However, these types of projects are also the most challenging in terms of planning and demands on villager’s time. Implementing multiple infrastructure projects within one KDP cycle will place significantly greater demands on the district and sub district consultants. The ability of KDP’s Aceh program to absorb and channel additional assistance will largely be determined by the availability of operational funds, additional skilled personnel and training for new staff and consultants.
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8.4. Recruitment of Facilitators, Consultants and Other Support Staff
Closely related to the issues raised above is the need for additional trained facilitators, consultants and other support staff to supplement the people already on the ground in Aceh. As shown in Table 1. the planned expansion of the Program in Aceh from: 10 districts to 17 districts; 111 sub districts to 221 sub districts; and from 2,923 villages to 5,716 villages will logically outstrip the current capacity of existing personnel resources in Aceh.
Recruitment to date has almost bridged the gap, especially with the addition of the new Information Facilitators. However, 3 technical facilitators and one technical kabupaten manager are still needed. An additional 12 computer operators with more advanced skills are also needed for newly opened district offices. The provincial level Regional Management Unit (RMU) also needs 1 engineer and 2 financial specialists. Recruitment of these personnel has already begun. In particular KDP is increasing its staff in Aceh to improve financial oversight.
Demand for Staff and Salary Competition in AcehKDP has already lost staff to other development programs in Aceh. There are at last count, over 250 donor agencies, international NGOs and local LSMs currently operating in Aceh. The international agencies which are generally planning a short-term to medium-term presence are prepared to pay significantly above pre-tsunami local wage rates to secure key personnel quickly. As might be expected, this has caused a heating up of the local labour market for skilled personnel. Salaries have almost doubled for certain clerical and administrative staff during the last 10 months. Wages for construction workers have also doubled during the same period.
This issue has the potential to become a significant threat to program continuity if not addressed by central management. Salary increases have already been requested for facilitators and consultants. Increased field and travel allowances for personnel in difficult locations, as well as additional computers and equipment, have also been requested. However, the final in-the-hand increases that staff will receive are still not clear.
Note: However, this is not solely an Aceh based problem. A significant number of Jakarta based KDP staff have also moved to other development projects during the last few months in pursuit of higher remuneration; and nation-wide technical facilitators are resigning.
The table overleaf shows the total KDP Aceh-Nias Block Grant Budget and the level of disbursement by kabupaten as of 30 November, 2005
App
endi
x 2
Coo
pera
tion
betw
een
KD
P - N
AD
with
NG
O/D
onor
A
ceh
Reh
abili
tatio
n an
d R
econ
stru
ctio
n po
st T
suna
mi -
200
5
No
Org
aniz
atio
n N
GO
/Don
or
Proj
ect/P
rogr
am/A
ctiv
ity
Supp
ortin
g R
ole
of K
DP
to N
GO
/Don
or
(Typ
e of
Coo
pera
tion)
Lo
catio
n A
id(m
illio
nU
SD)
Not
e
1O
XFA
MHo
using
Rec
onstr
uctio
n FK
s and
FDs
to pr
ovide
data
and i
nform
ation
abou
t da
mage
d infr
astru
cture
. FKs
to br
ief O
XFAM
abou
t the
KDP
mech
anism
whic
h will
be us
ed as
inpu
t for t
heir
proje
ct ma
nual.
NAD
Seve
ral m
eetin
gs ha
ve ta
ken
place
betw
een O
xfam
and
KDP
staff a
t the R
MU of
fice.
2M
ercy
’s C
orp
Liveli
hood
Pro
gram
FK
s to b
rief M
S ab
out th
e KDP
mec
hanis
m. T
his
infor
matio
n will
be us
ed as
inpu
t for t
heir p
rojec
t pr
oced
ures
. Usin
g FK,
UPK
and T
PK to
help
with
distrib
ution
of ai
d pac
kage
s and
assis
t with
mon
itorin
g and
bo
ok ke
eping
syste
ms.
Kec B
aitus
salam
, Ac
eh B
esar
Se
vera
l mee
tings
have
take
n pla
ce be
twee
n MC
and K
DP
staff a
t the R
MU of
fice
3P
CI/C
once
rn
Hous
ing R
econ
struc
tion a
nd Li
velih
ood
Prog
ram
Brief
the N
GO on
the K
DP m
echa
nism
to fac
ilitate
co
oper
ation
. KMs
and F
Ks to
be co
ntact
perso
ns an
d will
prov
ide in
forma
tion a
bout
their r
espe
ctive
area
s.
Aceh
Jaya
& A
ceh
Bara
t
4 H
andy
cap
Int’l
Bu
ilding
/Hou
sing R
econ
struc
tion
FKs t
o brie
f the N
GO ab
out th
e KDP
mec
hanis
m. T
his
infor
matio
n will
be us
ed as
inpu
t for t
heir p
rojec
t man
ual.
NAD
5A
DB
Simi
lar pr
ogra
m as
like K
DP w
ith de
tail s
till
in pr
oces
s FK
s to b
rief th
e NGO
abou
t the K
DP m
echa
nism.
This
inf
orma
tion w
ill be
used
as in
put fo
r the
ir pro
ject m
anua
l. NA
DTw
o mee
tings
alre
ady h
eld
at RM
U off
ice
6U
N-H
abita
t(A
SS
P: A
ceh
Set
tlem
ents
Sup
port
Pro
gram
me)
Prov
ide di
rect
finan
cial s
uppo
rt to
cove
r a p
ortio
n of r
ehab
ilitati
on an
d re
cons
tructi
on w
ork f
or ho
using
and
comm
unity
infra
struc
ture.
Prov
ide te
chnic
al as
sistan
ce su
ppor
t at
the co
mmun
ity le
vel to
stre
ngthe
n ex
isting
gove
rnme
nt pr
ogra
ms to
ad
dres
s iss
ues o
f hou
sing,
land
mana
geme
nt, m
icro-
spati
al pla
nning
, an
d risk
mitig
ation
mea
sure
s.
Supp
ort a
proc
ess o
f com
munit
y acti
on pl
annin
g, do
vetai
ling t
he go
vern
ment’
s Kec
amata
n dev
elopm
ent
Prog
ramm
e (KD
P) an
d Urb
an P
over
ty Pr
ogra
mme (
UPP)
, to
ensu
re a
need
s-driv
en, p
artic
ipator
y app
roac
h to
reha
bilita
tion a
nd re
cons
tructi
ng ho
mes a
nd co
mmun
ity
infra
struc
ture d
amag
ed or
destr
oyed
by th
e tsu
nami
.
Kab.
Aceh
Bes
ar;
Pidie
; Bire
un;
Sime
ulue
$15
6,850
home
s in f
ive di
strict
s ha
ve be
en re
built
and
repa
ired.
Train
ing fo
r KDP
cons
ultan
ts in
affec
ted ar
eas i
n Ace
h on
land i
ssue
s is s
ched
uled o
n 21
-29 N
ov 05
22
7A
US
Aid
Reco
nstru
ction
/ Rein
statem
ent o
f Me
unas
ah (P
ublic
Hall
) and
Villa
ge O
ffice
Using
KDP
facil
itated
foru
ms to
ensu
re a
partic
ipator
y ap
proa
ch an
d com
munit
y wide
decis
ion m
aking
proc
ess.
Using
FKT
to su
pervi
se th
e con
struc
tion s
tage i
n the
field,
inc
luding
assis
t with
the c
ertifi
catio
n pro
cess
. Fu
nds t
o be d
istrib
uted t
hrou
gh U
PKs a
nd T
PKs w
ho w
ill ma
nage
cons
tructi
on in
the f
ield b
y usin
g the
KDP
me
chan
ism.
8 kec
at A
ceh B
esar
$2
,5Re
cent
in ide
ntify
a nee
ds
from
each
villa
ges a
nd
desig
n and
train
ing
prep
arati
on
8H
ICAs
sistin
g Cam
ats in
need
asse
ssme
nts an
d da
ta / in
forma
tion c
ollec
tion.
Coop
erati
on w
ith B
appe
da , K
DP an
d UPP
, and
using
the
KDP
facilit
ators
as co
ordin
ators.
St
arted
in 3
pilot
keca
matan
s, to
be ex
tende
d to
80 K
DP/ U
PP ke
cama
tans
9IO
M
(Firs
t C
oope
ratio
n)
Identi
fy an
d coll
ectio
n of d
amag
e data
and
cond
uct c
ommu
nity s
urve
ys.
FKs a
nd F
Ds to
cond
uct s
urve
ys an
d coll
ect d
ata by
using
qu
estio
nnair
es an
d tap
e rec
ordin
gs.
NAD
To be
carri
ed ou
t in M
arch
-Ap
ril 20
05
10IO
M
(Sec
ond
Coo
pera
tion)
To de
termi
ne th
e exa
ct nu
mber
s of
Inter
nally
Disp
laced
Peo
ple (I
DPs)
living
in
camp
s and
with
host
familie
s. D
eterm
ine
their p
lans a
nd de
sires
in te
rms o
f tra
nsitio
nal a
nd pe
rman
ent fu
ture
settle
ment
and e
mploy
ment.
A co
mbine
d qu
alitat
ive an
d qua
ntitat
ive su
rvey w
ill be
co
nduc
ted bo
th at
the co
mmun
ity an
d ind
ividu
al lev
els in
volvi
ng fo
cus g
roup
dis
cuss
ions a
nd in
dividu
al int
ervie
ws.
A wi
de-ra
nging
Nee
ds an
d Asp
iratio
ns A
sses
smen
t will
be
cond
ucted
in 11
disa
ster-a
ffecte
d are
as of
the p
rovin
ce.
Two-
perso
n tea
ms m
ade u
p of a
facil
itator
prov
ided b
y KD
P an
d a no
te-tak
er w
ill fan
out to
67 K
ecam
atan.
All o
f NAD
St
ill un
der n
egoti
ation
.
11C
AR
EIn
tern
atio
nal
Reco
nstru
ction
(pro
vide)
of w
ater a
nd
publi
c san
itatio
n fac
ilities
(MCK
) Us
e KDP
facil
itator
s and
the K
DP m
echa
nism
to ide
ntify
comm
unity
need
s. UP
K an
d TPK
to m
anag
e and
imple
ment
field
cons
tructi
on
by la
bour
-inten
sive m
ethod
s as p
er th
e KDP
syste
m.
Kec.
Peuk
an B
ada
(Ace
h Bes
ar)
200 M
CK un
its ar
e cur
rentl
y pla
nned
.
12N
ew Z
eala
nd
Aid
(NZA
id)
Prov
ide C
apac
ity B
uildin
g to F
Ds an
d Co
mmun
ity m
embe
rs to
build
earth
quak
e re
sistan
t stru
cture
s.
KMs a
nd F
Ks w
ill be
train
ed in
earth
quak
e res
istan
t bu
ilding
tech
nique
s by t
raine
rs pr
ovide
d by N
ZAid.
NA
D17
Tec
hnica
l Man
agem
ent
Cons
ultan
ts (K
MT) a
nd 17
Te
chnic
al Fa
cilita
tors (
FKT)
wi
ll be t
raine
d dur
ing
Dece
mber
2005
. 13
UN
DP
Tr
aining
abou
t Lan
d Reg
ulatio
ns an
d Titli
ng
Laws
.KM
s and
FKs
of w
ill be
train
ed ab
out L
and R
egula
tion a
nd
Titlin
g Law
s with
supp
ort fr
om U
NDP.
Af
fected
area
s in 1
2 dis
tricts.
Tr
aining
for 1
2 Em
powe
rmen
t Man
agem
ent
Cons
ultan
ts (K
MP) a
nd 85
Em
powe
rmen
t Fac
ilitato
rs (F
KP) w
ill be
carri
ed ou
t on
28 N
ov –
10 D
ec.
23
24
14IL
OSt
reng
thenin
g of s
mall e
nterp
rises
targ
eted
comm
unitie
s.Ke
y KDP
stak
ehold
ers w
ill be
invo
lved i
n a sy
stema
tic
small
enter
prise
s stre
ngthe
ning p
rogr
am.
Durin
g the
first
stage
, the R
MU st
aff w
ill be
invo
lved i
n PA
CA te
am (P
artic
ipator
y, Ap
prais
al of
Comp
etitiv
e Ad
vanta
ge) p
rogr
am.
To be
carri
ed ou
t in
all N
AD ar
eas,
but
the fir
st sta
ge w
ill be
in
Aceh
Bes
ar.
PACA
team
will
be m
obiliz
ed
from
5-20
Dec
embe
r 200
5.
15B
RR
and
UN
M
ISVi
llage
Data
Bas
e Man
agem
ent
FKs a
nd F
Ds w
ill co
llect
villag
e data
and e
stabli
sh a
Villa
ge D
ata B
ase (
basic
MIS
). KD
P giv
e per
iodic
repo
rts fr
om th
is da
ta to
BRR
to su
ppor
t the
ir villa
ge da
ta up
grad
ing pr
ogra
m.
This
activ
ity w
ill co
ver
all N
AD. T
he fir
st sta
ge w
ill be
carri
ed
out in
3 ke
c in A
ceh
Besa
r : Le
upun
g, Pe
ukan
Bad
a and
Ba
ituss
alam
All p
artie
s are
curre
ntly
involv
ed in
socia
lizati
on
activ
ities.
Add
ition
al N
otes
: B
esid
es th
e ite
ms
desc
ribe
abov
e th
ere
are
also
on-
goin
g ne
gotia
tions
and
dis
cuss
ions
with
oth
er d
onor
s, N
GO
s an
d LS
Ms
abou
t fur
ther
coo
pera
tion,
i.e.
: 1.
K
DP
faci
litat
ors,
in c
onju
nctio
n w
ith F
ood
and
Agr
icul
tura
l Org
aniz
atio
n (F
AO
) will
assi
st w
ith id
entif
icat
ion
of v
illage
s an
d pr
epar
atio
n of
pro
posa
ls fo
r co
mm
unity
bas
ed li
vest
ock
prog
ram
s (c
attle
). 2.
K
DP
will
assi
st th
e W
orld
Foo
d P
rogr
amm
e (W
FP) t
o di
strib
ute
rice
supp
lies
to K
DP
villa
ges
usin
g K
DP
com
mun
ity-b
ased
mec
hani
sms.
26
Appendix 3
Monitoring and Oversight of Activities and Funds
KDP works in a high-risk environment and it is important to maintain strict controls and monitoring systems to ensure that funds are used for the intended purposes. Since the expansion of KDP in Aceh in 2005, the Project has increased the number of financial oversight staff and will undertake additional financial audits throughout the province. KDP maintains the following oversight mechanisms:
Community participatory monitoring – The most effective means of monitoring is through beneficiary communities who elect a monitoring committee to oversee project implementation and finances. Committee members check on prices, quotations, supply of goods, benefits to the community, financial book-keeping and progress of infrastructure implementation. The implementation team also reports to the communities twice in “accountability meetings” regarding project progress and finances. KDP requires project information to be posted on village information boards.
Grievance and complaints resolution mechanism – Communities can direct their questions or complaints to KDP facilitators, government staff, NGOs or send inquiries directly to a PO Box. KDP maintains a complaints handling unit at the national and provincial levels to record and follow up on inquiries and complaints.
Independent civil society monitoring – KDP maintains a contract with a competitively selected Acehnese NGO, Pugar, to monitor regularly KDP activities and report monthly on progress. Journalists are also invited to monitor the program.
Consultant oversight – Consultants at the sub-district, district, provincial and national levels continuously visit project sites to provide technical assistance and supervision. In particular KDP is increasing its staff in Aceh to improve financial oversight.
Government oversight – Local government officials and the PMD Project Manager (PjOK) regularly supervise and monitor project activities.