Government at a Glance 2013

Country Fact Sheet

Strategic Governance

Women in Government

Public Finance & Economics

Public Procurement

Budget Practices & Procedures

Open and Inclusive Government

Public Employment & Pay

Serving Citizens

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Average of OECD countries in green

Country value in blue (not represented if not available)

Range of OECD country values in grey

www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

How to read the figures: OECDValues have

been rounded

Trust in government

Fiscal sustainability

Public sector efficiency

Impact of the tax system and grants on reducing income inequality% of citizens who have confi dence in their national government (2007 & 2012)

Education: performance in PISA reading scores and expenditure per student (aged 6 to 15) in USD PPP (2009)

Source: Gallup World Poll

Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2012

Source: OECD Income Distribution Database

Source: OECD Economic Outlook No. 93 (May 2013)

Total consolidation requirements between 2012 and 2030 in order to reduce government debt to 60% of GDP

Differences in income inequality before and after tax and government transfers (2010)

Strategic Governance

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6Gini Coefficient Gini Coefficient

Higherinequality

Higherinequality

Lowerinequality

Lowerinequality

Before After Before After

OECD

0.47

0.31taxes and transfers

0.34

0.49

Note: Data for Japan are for 2009.

taxes and transfers

Japan

0

5

10

15

% of potential GDP

3.0%OECD

13.3%Japan

Expenditure per student aged 6 to 15 (USD PPP)

PISA Reading Score

0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000400

450

500

550Higherscore

Lowerscore

OECD

PISAReading

Expenditure

495 USD 83 500

520 USD 82 900Japan

Japan

Employing 6.7% of the labour force, Japan has one of the smallest government workforces

within the OECD.

Among OECD countries, Japan has the highest life expectancy at birth (82.7 years) and a level of health spending per person below the

OECD average.

Japan has one of the lowest out-of-pocket spending in medical care, representing 2.2%

of fi nal household consumption.

Percentage pointchange 2007-20120 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

%

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100%

45

40

2007

2012-5

OECD

-72007

2012 17

24

Japan

Japan

Public Finance and Economics

Structure of government expenditures (2011)% of total government expenditure

Government revenues(2011)

Government expenditures(2011)

Fiscal balance(2011)

Government debt(2011)

% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP % of GDP

Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts

Source: OECD National Accounts

Budget Practices and ProceduresFiscal rules: Types and legal foundation (2012) Use of performance budgeting practices

at the central level of government (2011)

Index

Source: OECD 2012 Survey on Budget Practices and Procedures Source: OECD 2011 Survey on Performance Budgeting

20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

OECD

41.9%

33.1%Japan

20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

OECD

45.4%

42.0%Japan

OECD

-15% -10% 0%-5% +5% +10% +15%

-3.5%

-8.9%Japan

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%

OECD79% 100%

0%

228%

Note: Data for Japan are non-consolidated.

Japan

100%

0%

Socialprotection

HealthEducation

Generalpublic services

Economicaffairs

Public orderand safety

Defence Other

35.6%

5.9%

3.9%

3.6%

14.5%12.5%

13.6%

10.5%

OECD

5.5%Other

2.2%Defence

3.1%

Public orderand safety

9.8%Economic

affairs

11.0%General

public services

8.4%Education

17.3%Health

42.7%Social

protectionJapan

In how many countriesdo these types of rules exist?

If yes, what is thelegal foundation?

Do these types of rules exist?

Expenditurerule(s)

Revenuerule(s)

Budget balancerule(s)

Debtrule(s)

Legal foundations:

ConstitutionInternationalTreaty

Primary and/orSecondary Legislation

InternalRules/Policy

PoliticalCommitment

C IT L R PC

21

5

28

23

OECD

NO

NO

NO

RYES

Japan

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.38

OECD0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

0.36

Japan

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Public Employment and PayEmployment in general government (2011)

% of labour force

Annual compensation across central government positions (2011)

Source: OECD 2012 Survey on Compensation of Employees in Centrtall/Federal Governments

Source: International Labour Organisation Database & OECD Labour Force Statistics

2011 USD PPP

Women in GovernmentShare of women in general government (2010) Share of ministers who are women (2012)

Source: International Labour Organisation Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union Parline Database

% of general government employment % of ministers

Public ProcurementProcurement expenditure (2011) Use of innovative procurement tools in central government (2012)

% of government expenditures functionalities in e-procurement systems

Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD 2012 Survey on Public Procurement

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

OECD

29.0%36.7%

Japan

Procurement plansare published

Yes, in national central e-procurement systems Yes,in e-procurement systems of speci�c procuring entities No

Tendersare announced

Bids can be submitted

electronically

Invoices can be submitted

electronically

208

10

3270

16136

81015OECD

Note: Data for Japan reflect the functionalities of an e-procurement system that is expected to be in operation in 2013.

Japan

56.8%OECD

50%

0%

100%

42.0%

Note: Data for Japan are for 2009.

Japan

24.9%OECD

50%

0%

100%

11.8%Japan

50%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

15.5%OECD

6.7%

Note: Data for Japan are for 2009.

Japan

232 000126 00089 00050 000

OECDOECDOECDOECD

Middle managers(D3 positions)

Senior managers(D1 positions)

Senior professionalsSecretaries(general office clerks)

2011 USD PPP

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

Note: Data for Japan are provided in terms of entry and maximum level of total compensation.

entry: 92 000maximum: 128 000

entry: 216 000maximum: 245 000

JapanJapanJapanJapan

not availablenot available

Open and Inclusive GovernmentAsset disclosure: Level of disclosure of private interests

and public availability of information (2012)

Source: OECD 2012 Survey on Confl ict of Interest Disclosure

Serving Citizens: quality of public services

out of pocket expenditure as a % of fi nal household consumption

Access to medical care (2011) Citizen take-up of e-government services (2012)% of individuals using the internet to interact with public authorities

Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2012)% of citizens expressing confi dence/satisfaction

Source: OECD Health Statistics 2013 Source: Eurostat and OECD

Source: World Gallup Poll

Government at a Glance 2013With a focus on public administration, OECD Government at a Glance 2013 provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the

goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance across OECD countries. Indicators on public finances

and employment are provided alongside composite indexes summarising aspects of public management policies, and indicators on service quality

in education, health, taxation and justice. Government at a Glance 2013 also includes indicators on key governance and public management

issues, such as strategice governance, budgeting, compensation in the public service, public procurement and open government.

www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2013-en

For background data and to consult this publication on line:

For more information and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets:

v1.13/11/13

50%OECD

100%

0%

25%

50%

75%

Note: Data for Japan are not available.

Japan

40%

66%71%

51% 72%

National government

Judicial system Local police

Health care Education system

OECD range

OECD

23%

55%75%

62% 74%20

40

60

80

100

Note: Data for Japan are for 2011

Japan

2.9%

OECD0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5%

2.2%

Note: Data for Japan are for 2010.

Japan

100

75

50

25

0

51OECD

38Japan

Low level Middle level High level

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100