Government and Law.pptx

7/25/2019 Government and Law.pptx

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Government

and Law

Trixie C. Pepito

BS Accountancy 3


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Government and Law

Defnition and Nature o

Poitic! and Government


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Poitic!

" a! on# a! we need to $ave !ome!ocia or#ani%ation& we need#overnment and P'L(T(CS i! preci!ey

t$e )t$eory& art& and practice o t$e#overnment.*

+e need peope w$o wi ,e ve!ted wit$aut$ority to exerci!e power and a!!umere!pon!i,iity over t$e #overnance o!ociety.


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(n it! more preci!e !en!e&

poitic! mean! t$e practice o !tatecrator o #overnin# a country.

(n countrie! w$ere #overnment rue! we ort$e common weare o it! citi%en!& poitic! i!-nown a! STATS/ANS0(P.

(n pace! a1icted wit$ incompetent andcorrupt eader!& poitic! i! ,etter -nown a!D/AG'G24.


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Poitica in!titution!

are !ocieta arran#ement! or5

e#i!atin# and enorcin# aw! 6Con#re!!78

and

providin# or !ocia !ervice! i-e education6Depd7& pu,ic $eat$ and weare 6D'07&

di!tri,utin# pu,ic und! 6DB/7& coectin#taxe! 6B(7& conductin# orei#n a9air! 6D:A7&and decidin# on i!!ue! o war and peace6A:P& PNP& etc.7


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A State i!"

a !tructure t$at $a! t$e e#a aut$ority or ri#$tto ma-e rue! t$at are ,indin# over a #ivenpopuation wit$in a #iven territory.

(t po!!e!!e! !overei#nty ; t$at i!& it $a! t$epower to ma-e deci!ion! t$at cannot ,eoverrued ,y any ot$er ,ody.

(t $a! perpetua exi!tence a! on# a! it! our6


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Government

i! an e!!entia eement o t$e !tate.

T$e oten=>uoted Pream,e o t$e P$iippine

Con!titution !um! up t$e purposes ofgovernmenta!5

)to promote t$e common #ood& con!erveand deveop our patrimony& and !ecure toour!eve! and our po!terity t$e ,e!!in#! oindependence and democracy.*


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Government! are"

empowered to e!ta,i!$ and re#uate t$einterreation!$ip! o t$e peope wit$in t$eirterritoria confne!& t$e reation! o t$e peopewit$ ot$er poitica entitie!.

A con!e>uence o t$i! i! t$e mora ri#$t o t$e#overnment to promu#ate aw! and tore!train& puni!$ or even eiminate individua!

t$at t$reaten t$e exi!tence o !ociety. T$i! i!t$e police power o t$e #overnment.


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T$e #overnment a!o$a!" t$e ri#$t to exact taxesrom peope and

propertie! in it! territory to carry out t$eunction! o #overnment.

Li-ewi!e& it can expropriate private propertyor pu,ic purpo!e upon payment o ?u!tcompen!ation. T$i! i! t$e #overnment powerof eminent domain.


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+$en #overnment $arm! t$eri#$t o !ociety and individua!&

t$e peope ac>uire t$e mora ri#$t to c$an#e!uc$ #overnment ,y a e#a and peaceumean!& !uc$ a! t$rou#$ eection!& reca andempeac$ment o con!titutiona o@cer!.

Section (& Artice (( o t$e P$iippineCon!titution a!o reco#ni%e! t$at t$e peope

can re!ort to revoution a! a matter o ri#$t i!u@cienty provo-ed ,y oppre!!ion or a,u!e!o tyrannica #overnment.


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Government and Law

T$e Government Power! to

nact& xecute and (nterprett$e Law!


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Law!"

are ormai%ed norm! w$ic$ are enacted ,ypeope w$o are ve!ted wit$ #overnmentapower and enorced ,y poitica and e#aaut$oritie! de!i#nated ,y t$e #overnment.

(n t$e P$iippine #overnment t$e power toenact aw! i! ve!ted in t$e P$iippineCon#re!!& t$e e#i!ative ,ranc$ o

#overnment compo!ed o t$e House ofSenateand t$e House of Representatives.


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Con#re!!

Bot$ 0ou!e! dei,erate upon t$e SenateBi! and 0ou!e Bi!& w$ic$ are t$enorwarded to t$e C$ie xecutive 6t$e

Pre!ident7 or approva.

T$e approva o t$e Pre!identtran!orm! a ,i into a aw commonycaed !tatute& epu,ic Act or Bata!Pam,an!a.


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(mpementation and xecution oLaw!

" ie! in t$e !upreme domain o t$e

xecutive ,ranc$ o t$e #overnment ;t$e Presidentor C$ie xecutive andhis/her cabinet.


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T$e Pre!ident


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T$e Loca Government

Province! 6Governor7

Citie! 6City /ayor7

Town or /unicipaitie! 6/unicipa /ayor7

Baran#ay 6Baran#ay Captain7


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Con!titutionaity o Law!

T$e interpretation o w$et$er a aw i!con!titutiona or not& or w$et$er t$e

act! o t$e Pre!ident in impementin#t$e aw are uncon!titutiona or donewit$ a,u!e o di!cretion o $i!$erpower i! ve!ted in t$e ?udicia ,ranc$ o

#overnment ; t$e Supreme Court& t$e$i#$e!t court o t$e and.


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Supreme Courtataa!=taa!an# 0u-uman n# Piipina!


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't$er ?udicia ,odie! incude5

Court o Appea!8

Court o Tax Appea!8

'm,ud!man and Sandi#an,ayan8

e#iona Tria Court!8

/unicipa Tria Court!8 and

Lupon# Ta#apamayapa or Pan#-at in t$e,aran#ay eve perormin# >ua!i=?udicia

unction!.


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Court o Appea!0u-uman n# Apea!yon n# Piipina!


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Court o Tax Appea!0u-uman n# Pa#$a$a,o !a Buwi! n# Piipina!


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'm,ud!manTanod,ayan n# Piipina!


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Sandi#an,ayanPeope! Advocate


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Government and Law

Poitica (deoo#y and :orm! o

Government


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Poitica (deoo#y

An ideologyi! a !y!tem o vaue!& idea!&,eie!& and attri,ute! t$at a !ociety or #roup!wit$in it !$are and accept a! trut$ or act8 it

contain! a !et o attitude! toward! t$e variou!in!titution! and proce!!e! o !ociety.


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:orm! o Government

Since Ari!tote! time& t$e orm! o#overnment envi!ioned ,y di9erentpoitica ideoo#ie! $ave ,een t$e

oowin#5

Autocracy

'i#arc$y

Democracy

Sociai!m


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Autocracy

" i! a #overnment in t$e $and! o a!in#e a,!oute ruer.

An a,!oute ruer i! a despot.

0e ma-e! t$e aw!& execute! t$e aw andinterpret! t$e aw.

0e i! t$e awma-er& t$e C$ie xecutive andt$e ?udiciary ; roed into one.

0e i! a,ove t$e aw8 in e9ect& he is the law.


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An autocratic#overnment" i! rued a -in#& a monarc$& a de!pot or a

dictator.

T$e pre!ent=day autocracy i! -nown a!totalitarian; a #overnment or a !tate inw$ic$ t$e ie and action! o everyindividua& a! we a! t$o!e o every

enterpri!e& are controed ,y a dictator.

x5 T$e dictatoria re#ime o t$e ate Pre!ident/arco! under t$e #ui!e o )con!titutionaaut$oritariani!m.*


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'i#arc$y

" i! a #overnment in w$ic$ power i! int$e $and! o a ew.

T$e ruer! are -nown a! oligarchsandaristocratsw$o #overn or t$eir ownintere!t!.

C. +ri#$t /i! ,eieved t$at a $andu o men

compo!ed o t$e poweru miitary upper ec$eon!&t$e corporate ric$& and t$e poitica eite! !$oudma-e t$e mo!t !i#nifcant deci!ion! to !teer t$e !$ipo t$e #overnment.


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Democracy

" i! a orm o #overnment ,y t$epeope& u!uay t$rou#$ t$eirrepre!entative!.

(t i! popuary -nown a! a repu,ic or arepre!entative democracy ; )a #overnment ot$e peope& ,y t$e peope& and or t$e peope.*

(n t$e repu,ic& t$e $ead o t$e !tate i! anelected president& w$o exerci!e!#overnmenta power! rom t$e con!titution.


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Sociai!m

" i! a orm o #overnment w$ereinpropertie! are owned ,y t$e !tate t$ati!& in turn& controed ,y t$e wor-er!.

Practiced in5 t$e Soviet 2nion8 C$ina8/on#oia8 Nort$ orea8 Nort$ ietnam8Lao!8 Cam,odia8 Cu,a8 A,ania8 and

4u#o!avia.


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Government and Law

T$e Nature o Power


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Power v!.Aut$ority


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Government and Law

Limitation! o t$e xerci!e o

Power


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)A,!oute powercorrupt!.*

Power can ,e u!ed a! an end in it!e& ora! a mean! to ac$ieve de!ired end!.

Bein# !u,?ect to a,u!e and mi!u!e&power should be limited.


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Power !$oud ,e imited t$rou#$t$e 9. way!5

Principe o c$ec-! and ,aance!

Poitica purai!m

Popuar !overei#nty

0uman actor!


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nd o Pre!entation

T$an- you.

Government and Law.pptx

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