Good Lab Practice-1
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Transcript of Good Lab Practice-1
7/30/2019 Good Lab Practice-1
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Good Laboratory Practice
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Clothing
• Always wear a laboratory coat (correctlyfastened ) and remove it if you leave the
laboratory
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Clothing…
• Wear safety glasses for handling hazardous
chemicals
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Clothing…
Wear disposable gloves for handlinghazardous chemicals
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Clothing…
• No open-toed footwear in the
labs
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Laboratory Wasteisposal
• Only a few “safe” chemicals canbe sent into the natural environment directly
(lab sink or garbage can)
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• Chemicals that may be flushed down the sink
must be water soluble,
nonflammable, noncorrosive ,
nonreactive and nontoxic
• If a chemical fails to satisfy even one of these
criteria, it cannot be disposed of in the sink or
the garbage can
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Laboratory Waste Disposal… •
The most common errors in waste handling
- Improper labeling of waste; the contents of
the bottles should be listed
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Laboratory Waste Disposal…
- Improper segregation of waste; mixingincompatible chemicals in a waste container
can cause a fire or explosion
- Improper storage of waste (eg.Fume hood or metal can)
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Laboratory Waste Disposal…
• The most common errors in waste handling…
- Failing to cap waste bottles or leaving a
funnel in the waste bottle
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Laboratory Waste Disposal…
The most common errors in waste handling…
Accumulation of excessive waste. Ideally, you should have
no more than one bottle of each kind of waste in your lab
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Laboratory Waste Disposal…
• Containers should not react with the waste
being stored
• Often the original container is perfectly
acceptable
• Do not list reactants, only products
e.g. if a cyanide was used in a rxn but all of the
material was oxidized to a cyanate before
disposal, do not list cyanide on the label
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Sharp Disposal
Sharp is the term used to describe any itemthat is capable of puncturing the skin
such as syringes, needles, broken glass, etc.
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Sharp Disposal…
All sharp disposal containers
should be
• Made of a heavy duty plastic
• Able to close with a tight-
fitting, puncture-proof lid
• Upright and stable during use
• Leak resistant
• Properly labeled
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Glassware
• Volumetric flasks
• Volumetric pipettes
• Graduated pipettes
• Graduated cylinders
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Volumetric Flasks and Volumetric
Pipettes
• High accuracy and repeatability of
measurements
• Flasks are designed to contain (TC,IN) knownvolume of solution
• Pipettes are generally designed to deliver
(TD,EX) known volume (rarely TC)
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Volumetric Flasks and Volumetric Pipettes…
• When you empty pipette you deliver exactly
required volume and you don’t have to worry
about the solution that is left
• Volumetric flask is known to contain required
volume, but if you pour the solution to
some other flask you will never know howmuch of the solution was transferred
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Graduated Pipettes and Graduated
Cylinders
• They are designed to deliver requested
amount of solution• Their accuracy is much lower than the
accuracy of volumetric glass
•They are used to measure amounts of auxilliary reagents, like buffers
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Classification of Glass
• Volumetric glassware used in labs can
either class A or class B (or non classified)
• Class A is more accurate than class B
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• According to ASTM, tolerance of class A1000 ml volumetric flask should be ± 0.3, this
means 0.6 for class B flask
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• Cylinder
• B: Class B
• In: to contain
• No idea why this cylinder is calibrated to
contain
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• Volumetric pipette
• A: class A
• Ex: calibrated to deliver
• 15 s: 15 seconds
• TS: touching side of the pipette tip to theinside of the flask till solution is delivered
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Glass containers
• The USP has four different classifications forglass containers ranging from type I to type NP
• Type I is the best, typically made of borosilicate
glass* least reactive glass
* least pH shift
* highly resistant to temperature changes
(low coefficient of expansion)
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Proper Use of Volumetric Glassware
• You must never dry any volumetric glassware
in a drying oven
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Proper Use of Volumetric Glassware….
• You must never expose any volumetricglassware (vol. pipette, vol. flask) to sources of heat
• Heat exposure will adversely affect thecalibration
• When measuring volume of solution, the
bottom of the concave meniscusmust be precisely on thecalibration mark
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How to Clean Laboratory Glassware
• Cleaning lab glassware is not as simple as
washing the dishes
• It is generally easier to clean glassware if you
do it right away• Tap water and detergents are not
desirable
•
Rinse the glassware with the propersolvent, then finish with a couple of rinseswith deionized water
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How to Dry Laboratory Glassware
• Avoid drying glassware with a paper towel or
forced air
• Allow the glassware to air dry on the shelf
• If glassware is to be used immediately after
washing and must be dry, rinse it 2-3 times
with acetone (remove water and evaporate
quickly)
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Performing Studies
• It is necessary to educate the individualsperforming studies
• Unique identification of the study and all its
parts• All observations in a study should be
immediately and clearly recorded
•
All records should be in the form of boundnotebooks or on continuously numberedsheets
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Performing Studies….
• You should always record your work at the timeyou carry out the experimental work
• You should never make notes on loose pieces orsheets of paper
• You should write in ink, do not use any correctionfluid to repair mistakes
• All entries and corrections should be dated andinitialized
• Do not omit certain data points in order to makethem look more convincing
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Performing Studies…
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Weighing techniques
• Weighing is a frequent step in analytical
procedures
• Weighing is a common source of error
• Do not assume that the balance has been left
in the proper operating condition by the
previous user
• Calibration: The manufacturer must provide a
set of calibration weights
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Weighing techniques….
• The proper receiver for the material must be
selected
• Receivers: weighing bottles, weighing funnels,
flasks, weighing papers
• The weighing funnel is often the most
satisfactory receiver, because it can function
as both a weighing dish and a transfer funnel,
allowing easy transfer to volumetric flasks
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Weighing Funnels
•Ensures complete sample transfer
•Sits flat on balance
•Pouring necks designed to fit in volumetric flasks
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Proper pipetting techniques
• Take the ambient temperature into account(calibrated at RT)
• Take the sample temperature into account
• Use the largest volume possible
• To get the maximum accuracy: use yourpipette to dispense the volume you need but
do it into a tared container on a balance.Then calculate the actual pipetted volumefrom mass and density
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Ideal Solutions
• No change in the properties of the
components other than dilution
•Cohesive forces = adhesive forces
• No heat is evolved or absorbed during mixing
• No shrinkage or expansion
• 100 ml methanol + 100 ml ethanol = 200 ml
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Real Solutions
• Cohesive forces ≠ Adhesive forces
• Heat is evolved or absorbed
•
Shrinkage or expansion• 100 ml H2SO4 + 100 ml H2O = 180 ml
• Volume expansion or contraction should be
taken into considerationEg. 20% v/v ethanol in water