Gonzalez Muzzio 2010 Exploring Community Resilience

7/31/2019 Gonzalez Muzzio 2010 Exploring Community Resilience

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Hr~copjld Koaaxlj}z Ph{jcjhlkh

]bh {okjfc!xp`fl fi}hpaf}b oi }bh @jo`o hfp}bvxfeh

KCFXMJF DOLWFCHW AXWWJO

[h~}ha`hp 0>6>

[x~hpyj{op7 Gobl ]tjdd

]bj{ ph{hfpkb mj{{hp}f}jol j{ {x`aj}}hm iop }bh A[k jl Hlyjpolahl}# [kjhlkh flm

[okjh}z f} Xljyhp{j}z Kocchdh Colmol


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Hr~copjld Koaaxlj}z Ph{jcjhlkh7]bh {okjfc!xp`fl fi}hpaf}b oi }bh @jo`o Hfp}bvxfeh

0

MHKCFPF]JOL


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;

F@[]PFK]

Jl }bh ~f{} }bjp}z zhfp{# koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh bf{ dfjlhm {oah ~poajlhlkh jl Mj{f{}hp

Pj{e Phmxk}jol ph{hfpkb, Kphf}jld mj{f{}hp!ph{jcjhl} koaaxlj}jh{ j{ `hkoajld

ja~hpf}jyh# h{~hkjfccz jl xp`fl fphf{# {jlkh kj}jh{ fph bjdbcz yxclhpf`ch }o mj{f{}hp{, ]bh

hahpdhlkz ~hpjom# tbjkb ioccot{ }bh okkxpphlkh oi fl hyhl}# ~ph{hl}{ }bh o~~op}xlj}z

}o xlmhp{}flm bot koaaxlj}jh{ phfk} }o flm phkoyhp ipoa }bh fmyhp{h kolmj}jol{ }bf}

mj{f{}hp{ ja~o{h,

]bj{ mj{{hp}f}jol iokx{h{ ol }bh poch oi {okjfc kf~j}fc flm }bh ja~op}flkh }bf} ~cfkh bf{

jl afejld ~o{}!mj{f{}hp ph{jcjhl} koaaxlj}jh{ jl fl xp`fl kol}hr}, ]bh kf{h {}xmz

{hchk}hm cooe{ f} }bh koaaxlh oi [fl ^hmpo mh cf ^fw jl Kbjch mxpjld }bh hahpdhlkz

~hpjom ioccotjld }bh hfp}bvxfeh oi 04}b Ih`pxfpz 0>6>, F ajrhm ah}bom{ f~~pofkb

tf{ ha~cozhm }o xlmhp}feh }bh ph{hfpkb# tbjkb jlkcxmhm fl olcjlh {xpyhz# jl}hpyjht{#

flm fl hr}hl{jyh phyjht oi cj}hpf}xph flm olcjlh ahmjf,

]bj{ ph{hfpkb bf{ dhlhpf}hm f {hpjh{ oi ehz ijlmjld{ phdfpmjld {okjfc kf~j}fc flm ~cfkh

f{ ifk}op{ jlicxhlkjld koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh, ]bh ~fp}jkxcfp ~o{}!mj{f{}hp kol}hr} jl [fl^hmpo mh cf ^fw# }bh ~bz{jkfc j{ocf}jol flm }bh {~phfm oi fl}j{okjfc `hbfyjoxp }pjddhphm

}bh af{{jyh hahpdhlkh oi dpox~{, Mjiihphl} dpox~{ hahpdhm jl mjiihphl} {kfch{7

lhjdbòxpboom# cfpdhp koaaxlh flm olcjlh {okjfc lh}tope{5 flm hahpdhl} dpox~{

f~~hfphm phdfpmch{{ oi }bh {okjo!hkoloajk kolmj}jol{ oi lhjdbòxpboom{ flm }bh

hrj{}hlkh op lol!hrj{}hlkh* oi ~phyjox{ {okjfc }jh{, ]bj{ {okjfc kf~j}fc kphf}hm fi}hp }bh

mj{f{}hp tf{ axkb aoph ja~op}fl} }bfl ~phyjox{ {okjfc opdflj{f}jol{ iop kbfllhccjld

}bh ko~jld ph{~ol{h{ oi }bh koaaxlj}z, Dpox~{ oi lhjdbòxp{ thph }hppj}opjfccz `f{hm

fkkopmjld }o {jwh flm }bh ~ho~ch jlyocyhm jl }bha, Cflm x{h f{ thcc f{ }bh dhodpf~bjkfc

kbfpfk}hpj{}jk{ oi }bh koaaxlh fccothm }bh jlbf`j}fl}{ }o }fkech }bh mjiijkxc}jh{

ja~o{hm,

]bh afjl kolkcx{jol{ oi }bj{ ph{hfpkb bjdbcjdb} }bh ja~op}flkh ~fp}jkxcfp {j}xf}jol{

kfl bfyh jl aomjizjld }bh `f{hcjlh ph{jcjhlkh oi f koaaxlj}z, Jl }bh kf{h {}xmjhm }bh{h

thph coo}jld flm cfke oi fkkh{{ }o }bh kj}z oi Kolkh~kjl, ]bh kolkcx{jol{ fc{ophyhfchm }bh phcf}jol{bj~ }bf} hrj{}hm `h}thhl }bh xp`fl if`pjk# ehz ph{oxpkh{ hrj{}jld


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=

jl }bh fiihk}hm phdjol flm fmf~}f}jyh koaaxlj}z ph{~ol{h{# jlkcxmjld }bh kphf}jol oi

lht {okjfc kf~j}fc,

@f{hm ol j}{ ph{xc}{# }bj{ ph{hfpkb fpdxh{ }bf} axkb aoph f}}hl}jol {boxcm `h ~fjm }o

~o{}!mj{f{}hp hahpdhl} {okjfc opdflj{f}jol{ tbhl }bhz bhc~ koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh7

}bhjp chfmhp{bj~ ol }bh ~cflljld flm ja~chahl}f}jol oi Mj{f{}hp Pj{e Phmxk}jol

{}pf}hdjh{ lhhm{ hlbflkhm {}f}x{, Jl fmmj}jol# ehz ph{oxpkh{ oi ~cfkh {boxcm `h

jmhl}jijhm flm ~po}hk}hm `hkfx{h }bhz fph kpxkjfc iop }bh ~o{}!mj{f{}hp ph{jcjhlkh oi }bh

cokfc koaaxlj}jh{,

Topm koxl}7 68#>2: topm{,


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8

FKELOTCHMDHAHL][

]bhph j{ fl hr}hl{jyh dpox~ oi ~ho~ch tbo bhc~hm ah ahh} }bj{ kbfcchldh,

J ax{} `hdjl tj}b Kcfxmjo# tbo ao}jyf}hm ah }o mphfa flm `hcjhyh }bh hlmhfyoxp tf{

~o{{j`ch flm tbo dfyh ah kolijmhlkh jl az f`jcj}z }o af}hpjfcj{h j}# hyhl }boxdb th

ò}b elht j} toxcm `h mjiijkxc} }o `h {h~fpf}hm ipoa hfkb o}bhp mxpjld }bh {}xmz zhfp,

]bfle{ }o oxp {ol# Fdx{}jl# az koa~fljol jl }bj{ fmyhl}xph# tbo kfah }o Colmol f{ f

{}pfldhp flm lo} oi bj{ otl kbojkh# `x} j{ lot bf~~z }o bfyh afmh ipjhlm{ flm chfplhm

Hldcj{b,

]bfle{ }o Ljkoc{# az hcmhp {ol# tbo bf{ `hhl fctfz{ ol az ajlm5 f{ thcc f{ }o az~fphl}{ iop }bhjp xlkolmj}jolfc {x~~op}, Az {j{}hp @hf}pjw mh{hpyh{ f {~hkjfc }bfle zox

iop }hfkbjld ah {}f}j{}jk{ flm iop `hjld az pjdb} bflm jl Kbjch, Axkb f~~phkjf}jol

doh{ fc{o }o az ~fphl}{!jl!cft tbo thckoahm x{ jl }bhjp box{h jl [fl ^hmpo mh cf ^fw

}o mo }bh ijhcmtope, J kfllo} iopdh} az ipjhlm{# ò}b ocm Kbjchfl{ flm lht H[[

kocchfdxh{# iop }bhjp ipjhlm{bj~ flm {x~~op}# h{~hkjfccz Rjahlf# `hkfx{h bhp bhc~ `f`z!

{j}}jld Fdx{}l mxpjld }bh ijp{} aol}b{ tf{ kpxkjfc,

J bfyh }o fkelotchmdh fcc }bo{h tbo {bfphm }bhjp hr~hpjhlkh{ flm ch{{ol{ chfplhm

fi}hp }bh @joò hfp}bvxfeh tj}b ah mxpjld }bh jl}hpyjht{ jl [fl ^hmpo mh cf ^fw5 flm

}o }bo{h tbo fl{thphm }bh olcjlh {xpyhz# h{~hkjfccz Gxfl Kfpco{# Kfpocjlf# Pompjdo#

Flmp{# Cxkjflo# Khkjcjf# @opj{# Gxfl Afpko{# @phmh flm Gxfl ^f`co,

Jl fmmj}jol# J ax{} {fz bot yhpz }bfleixc J fa }o KOLJKZ] flm j}{ {kbocfp{bj~ @hkf{

Kbjch iop djyjld ah }bh o~~op}xlj}z }o koah }o Xljyhp{j}z Kocchdh Colmol }o mo }bh

A[k# flm fc{o }o @hl ^fdh f} }bh XKC Dhodpf~bz Mh~fp}ahl} iop bj{ {x~~op} ipoa }bh

ijp{} mfz J kfah }o }bh ~podpfaah# flm h{~hkjfccz mxpjld mjiijkxc} }jah{,

Ijlfccz# J }bfle Gobl ]tjdd# tbo tj}b jlijlj}h ~f}jhlkh thckoahm fcc az vxh{}jol{ flm

bf{ fctfz{ {botl f dphf} tjccjldlh{{ }o {x~~op} ah }bpoxdbox} }bh mj{{hp}f}jol

~pokh{{, Bh bf{ hlkoxpfdhm ah }bpoxdb bj{ chk}xph{ flm hr~hpjhlkh }o dh} jlyocyhm jl

}bh topcm oi Mj{f{}hp Pj{e Phmxk}jol `hzolm }bh cjaj}{ oi }bj{ ~fp}jkxcfp fkfmhajk

ph{hfpkb,


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9

CJ[] OI KOL]HL][

MHKCFPF]JOL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0

F@[]PFK] ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;

FKELOTCHMDHAHL][,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8

CJ[] OI KOL]HL][ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9

CJ[] OI IJDXPH[# DPF^B[# AF^[# BO]ODPF^B[ FLM ]F@CH[ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :

JL]POMXK]JOL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60

Koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh jl }bh kol}hr} oi Mj{f{}hp Pj{e Phmxk}jol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60

Ph{hfpkb fja{ flm vxh{}jol{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6;

[FL ^HMPO MH CF ^FW FI]HP ]BH @JO@O HFP]BVXFEH# F KF[H []XMZ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 68

Hfp}bvxfeh{ f{ ~fp} oi }bh Kbjchfl{ cjih,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 69

Kol{hvxhlkh{ oi }bh @jo`o hfp}bvxfeh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 62

[fl hmpo mh cf fw flm j}{ phdjolfc kol}hr} ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6:

Kbpolocodz oi }bh hahpdhlkz ~hpjom ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0=

CJ]HPF]XPH PHYJHT ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 09

Koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 09

[okjfc kf~j}fc jl mj{f{}hp{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0:

]bh poch oi ~cfkh jl afejld mj{f{}hp!ph{jcjhl} koaaxlj}jh{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;0

Hrj{}jld ph{hfpkb f`ox} {okjfc kf~j}fc flm ~cfkh jl }bh ~o{}!mj{f{}hp hahpdhlkz

~hpjom ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;=

Koaaxlj}z ph{~ol{h fi}hp }bh Kbjchfl hfp}bvxfeh oi 04}b Ih`pxfpz 0>6> ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;9

Oldojld ph{hfpkb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;4

AH]BOMOCODZ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;2

F~~pofkb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;2

Ph{hfpkb ah}bom{ mh{kpj~}jol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;2


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4

Olcjlh {xpyhz ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;:

Jl}hpyjht{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =6

[z{}haf}jk phyj{jol oi {okjfc lh}tope{ flm ahmjf ph~op}{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =;

Mf}f kocchk}jol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =9

Mf}f flfcz{j{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =9

Ph{hfpkb cjaj}f}jol{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =4

PH[XC][ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =2

]bh ph{~olmhl}{ ~poijch flm }bh ~po`cha{ }bhz ifkhm fi}hp }bh hfp}bvxfeh ,,,,,,,,,, =2

[okjfc kf~j}fc jl [fl ^hmpo mh cf fw ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 86

Koaaxlj}z opdflj{f}jol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80

O}bhp dpox~{ op opdflj{f}jol{ fi}hp }bh hfp}bvxfeh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 89

^ho~ch{ ~fp}jkj~f}jol jl iopafc dpox~{ `hioph }bh hfp}bvxfeh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9>

Cjle{ }o o}bhp jl{}j}x}jol{ flm opdflj{f}jol{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 90

Lo}jol{ f`ox} ~cfkh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9=

Dhodpf~bjkfc kbfpfk}hpj{}jk{ oi [fl ^hmpo thph jlicxhl}jfc ol }bh hiihk}{ oi }bh

hfp}bvxfeh, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9=

Ehz ph{oxpkh{ jl [fl hmpo ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 98

Ixlk}jolfc flm {~f}jfc j{{xh{ f`ox} ~cfkh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 94

[oah {okjfc j{{xh{ }bf} koxcm jlicxhlkh ~ho~ch{ ph{~ol{h{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 46

BOT [OKJFC KF^J]FC FLM CFKH JLICXHLKH KOAAXLJ]Z PH[JCJHLKH ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4=

Coo}jld f{ fl jdlj}hp oi koaaxlj}z ph{~ol{h{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4=

[okjfc kf~j}fc# ~cfkh flm koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh fi}hp }bh mj{f{}hp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 49

@f{hcjlh yhp{x{ fmf~}f}jyh ph{jcjhlkh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 44

Hahpdhl} dpox~{# hahpdhl} hbfyjoxp flm }bh poch oi hrj{}jld opdflj{f}jol{ ,,,, 2>

Po`x{}lh{{# phmxlmflkz# ph{oxpkhixclh{{ flm pf~jmj}z oi {okjfc kf~j}fc flm ~cfkh

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 26


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KOLKCX[JOL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 28

[xaafpz oi ijlmjld{ flm kolkcx{jol{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 28

Ph{hfpkb cjaj}f}jol{ flm phkoaahlmf}jol{ iop ixp}bhp ph{hfpkb ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 29

PHIHPHLKH[ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 22

JLJ]JFC ^PO^O[FC ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :4

FX]O KPJ]JVXH ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6>;

F^^HLMJR 67 JAFDH[ OI [FL HMPO MH CF FW ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6>8

F^^HLMJR 07 [HCHK]HM MHIJLJ]JOL[ IOP KOAAXLJ]Z PH[JCJHLKH ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6>9

F^^HLMJR ;7 VXH[]JOLLFJPH IOP OLCJLH [XPYHZ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6>2

F^^HLMJR =7 @F[H VXH[]JOLLFJPH[ IOP JL]HPYJHT[ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 60=

F^^HLMJR 87 ]PFL[KPJ^]JOL HR]PFK] ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6;6

]pfl{cf}hm }pfl{kpj~}jol hr}pfk} ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6;6

Opjdjlfc jl}hpyjht }pfl{kpj~}jol hr}pfk}# jl [~flj{b ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6;=


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CJ[] OI IJDXPH[# DPF^B[# AF^[# ^BO]ODPF^B[ FLM ]F@CH[

IJDXPH[

Ijdxph 67 Fphf{ bjdbcz hr~o{hm }o olh oi aoph bfwfpm{ jl }bh topcm# `z bfwfpm }z~h ,, 64

Ijdxph 07 Ah}po~ocj}fl Fphf oi Kolkh~kjl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0>

Ijdxph ;7 Koa~olhl}{ oi {okjfc kf~j}fc flm cjle{ `h}thhl mjiihphl} fmf~}f}jyh

kf~fkj}jh{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;>

Ijdxph =7 MPK ]z~ocodz oi opdflj{f}jolfc ph{~ol{h }o mj{f{}hp{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;6

Ijdxph 87 Hahpdhl} hbfyjoxp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;6

Ijdxph 97 Bfwfpm{ oi cfkh Aomhc oi Yxclhpf`jcj}z ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;;

Ijdxph 47 Mj{f{}hp Ph{jcjhlkh oi cfkh MPO^* Aomhc ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;=

Ijdxph 27 Afjl dpox~{ flm jl{}j}x}jol{ ph{~olmjld mxpjld }bh hahpdhlkz ~hpjom jl [fl

^hmpo mh cf fw flm cjle{ `h}thhl }bha ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9;

Ijdxph :7 Cokf}jol oi tf}hp {oxpkh{ x{hm `z ~ho~ch ipoa [fl ~hmpo mh cf ^fw ,,,,,,,,,,,, 99

Ijdxph 6>7 Hrfa~ch{ op xp`flj{f}jol }z~ocodjh{ jl phcf}jol }o }bh hr}hl} oi koaaxlj}z

opdflj{f}jol ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4>

Ijdxph 667 [oah jafdh{ }fehl `z cokfc ph{jmhl}{ flm ~x`cj{bhm olcjlh }o hr~o{h coo}hp{

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 49

Ijdxph 607 MPO^ Aomhc ijp{} ~bf{h7 Ipoa jlbhphl} ph{jcjhlkh }o mj{f{}hp ja~fk} jl [fl

^hmpo mh cf ^fw ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4:


10/110


6>

DPF^B[

Dpf~b 67 ^po`cha{ ifkhm `z ph{~olmhl}{ mxpjld }bh ijp{} =2 boxp{# ijp{} thhe flm ijp{}

aol}b fi}hp }bh hfp}bvxfeh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8>

Dpf~b 07 [fl~hmpjlo{ ph{~ol{h }o }bh hfp}bvxfeh# }bh }{xlfaj flm }bhjp

kol{hvxhlkh{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 86

Dpf~b ;7 ^ho~ch tj}b tboa ph{~olmhl}{ koccfòpf}hm fi}hp }bh hfp}bvxfeh ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 80

Dpf~b =7 ^po`cha{ ifkhm `z }bh koaaxlj}z jl f koccfòpf}jyh afllhp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8=

AF^[

Af~ 67 Cflm x{h jl [fl hmpo mh cf fw, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 92

Af~ 07 Cot# ajm flm bjdb jlkoah lhjdbòxpboom{ jl [fl ^hmpo mh cf ^fw ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 40

^BO]ODPF^B[

^bo}odpf~b 67 Jccx{}pf}jol{ oi mfafdh jl }bh @joò Phdjol, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 06

^bo}odpf~b 07 Fhpjfc yjht oi [fl ^hmpo mh cf ^fw ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0;

^bo}odpf~b ;7 [oah xp`flj{f}jol }z~ocodjh{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0;

]F@CH[

]f`ch 67 ]o~ 6> mj{f{}hp{ jl Kbjch ipoa 6:>> }o 0>6> ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 62

]f`ch 07 Mfafdh kfx{hm z }bh @joò hfp}bvxfeh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6:

]f`ch ;7 ]jahcjlh oi }bh hahpdhlkz ~hpjom oi }bh 04}b Ih`pxfpz Hfp}bvxfeh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0=

]f`ch =7 AKHHP{ ~po~hp}jh{ oi f ph{jcjhl} koaaxlj}z ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0:

]f`ch 87 Afjl {}xmjh{ fòx} {okjfc kf~j}fc mxpjld }bh hahpdhlkz ~hpjom oi mj{f{}hp{ ,, ;8

]f`ch 97 kol}hl}{ oi {xpyhz ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =>

]f`ch 47 Cj{} oi jl}hpyjhthh{ ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, =0


11/110


12/110


60

JL]POMXK]JOL

Koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh jl }bh kol}hr} oi Mj{f{}hp Pj{e Phmxk}jol

J{ j} tjmhcz phkodlj{hm lotfmfz{ }bf} }bh okkxpphlkh oi mj{f{}hp{ j{ jlkphf{jld f{ j{ fc{o

}bh {hyhpj}z oi }bhjp {okjfc flm hkoloajk kol{hvxhlkh{, ]bj{ j{ mh{~j}h }bh kol}jlxox{

hiiop} afmh `z doyhplahl}{ flm lol!doyhplahl}fc opdflj{f}jol{ LDO{* }o aj}jdf}h

hiihk}{ flm `h ~ph~fphm f} fcc chyhc{, ]bh ~o~xcf}jol f} pj{e bf{ jlkphf{hm lo} olcz

`hkfx{h }bh topcm{ ~o~xcf}jol bf{ dpotl `x} `hkfx{h ~ho~ch cjyh# mhl{hcz

kolkhl}pf}hm# jl kj}jh{, F{ aoph }bfl bfci oi }bh dco`fc ~o~xcf}jol cjyh{ jl kj}jh{#

Mj{f{}hp Pj{e Phmxk}jol MPP* bf{ `hkoah aoph phchyfl} iop xp`fl fphf{, Bothyhp#}bhph j{ {}jcc f `jf{ }otfpm pxpfc ph{hfpkb pf}bhp }bfl xp`fl# flm }bj{ fc{o f~~cjh{ }o

{}xmjh{ f`ox} mjiihphl} {okjo!hkoloajk dpox~{# tbhph ~oop flm pxpfc koaaxlj}jh{ fph

}bh ao{} {}xmjhm, Jl }bh xp`fl kol}hr}# ahdf!kj}jh{ bfyh aoph op ch{{ aolo~ocj{hm

ph{hfpkb hiiop}{ ^hccjld 0>>;*,

]bh iokx{ oi mj{f{}hp aflfdhahl} bf{ fc{o `hhl kbfldjld mxpjld }bh cf{} }bjp}z zhfp{,

]bh ja~op}flkh oi MPP jl xp`fl fphf{ bf{ jlkphf{hm# flm f `pofm pfldh oi

{}fehbocmhp{ }feh ~fp} jl }bh MPP ~pokh{{, Jl fmmj}jol# }bh ph{hfpkb iokx{ bf{ {bji}hm

ipoa }bh {}xmz oi lf}xpfc bfwfpm{ flm }bh ja~chahl}f}jol oi aj}jdf}jol {}pf}hdjh{ }o

}bh {}xmz oi ~ho~ch{ yxclhpf`jcj}z flm# `f{hm ol }bj{# }o }bh tfz jl tbjkb yxclhpf`jcj}z

kfl `h phmxkhm, Aoph phkhl}cz# f lht koa~olhl} bf{ `hhl jl}pomxkhm jl MPP, ]bj{

{hhe{ f aoph jl}hdpf}jyh f~~pofkb# flm fja{ }o xlmhp{}flm flm hlbflkh }bh kf~fkj}jh{

oi cokfc ~o~xcf}jol{ }o phfk} }o flm phkoyhp ipoa mj{f{}hp{, Jl o}bhp topm{# j}{ fja j{ }o

koa~phbhlm flm io{}hp koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh,

Kx}}hp h} fc "0>>2f* {}f}h }bf} axkb oi }bh cj}hpf}xph ol ph{jcjhlkh ipoa }bh

~hp{~hk}jyh oi bfwfpm{ flm mj{f{}hp{ ifcc{ tj}bjl }bh moafjl oi bfwfpm aj}jdf}jol

~cflljld "Kx}}hp h} fc 0>>2f7=* jl {xkb f tfz }bf} ~cflljld iop ph{jcjhlkh bf{ `hkoah f

afgop j{{xh jl MPP {}pf}hdjh{ flm ja~chahl}f}jol, Bothyhp# cj}}ch bf{ `hhl {fjm f`ox}

bot }o ha~coz flm hlbflkh koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh mxpjld hahpdhlkz flm ph{~ol{h

~hpjom{ {o f{ }o ajljaj{h }bh ja~fk}{ oi mj{f{}hp{ flm }o fkkhchpf}h {okjfc flm

hkoloajk phkoyhpz ~pokh{{h{, ]o aflfdh }bj{# j} j{ kpxkjfc }o elot tbf} fk}xfccz afeh{


13/110


6;

f mj{f{}hp!ph{jcjhl} koaaxlj}z, Xlmhp{}flmjld bot ~ho~ch x{h }bhjp f{{h}{ jl ko~jld

tj}b }bh ja~fk}{ oi mj{f{}hp{ tjcc bhc~ ph{hfpkbhp{ flm mhkj{jol!afehp{ mhyhco~ aoph

hiijkjhl} MPP {}pf}hdjh{ flm {boxcm fc{o `h x{hixc jl fccokf}jld bxafl flm hkoloajk

ph{oxpkh{ mxpjld }bh mj{f{}hp hahpdhlkz ~hpjom{ jl f aoph hiihk}jyh flm hiijkjhl}afllhp,

Axkb oi tbf} j{ elotl fòx} koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh koah{ ipoa ha~jpjkfc ph{hfpkb

kfppjhm ox} mxpjld }bh mj{f{}hp ph{~ol{h ~hpjom hj}bhp `z ahfl{ oi mjphk} o`{hpyf}jol

jl }bh ijhcm op `z ha~cozjld mf}f fkvxjphm ipoa ph{~olmhl} jl{}j}x}jol{ op aha`hp{ oi

}bh ~x`cjk ]jhplhz 0>>:*, ]bx{# iop ò}b koaaxlj}z aha`hp{ flm ph{hfpkbhp{# }bh

ph{~ol{h ~bf{h jl }bh mj{f{}hp kzkch ~ph{hl}{ fl o~~op}xlj}z iop kol}jlxox{ chfpljld

ol bot }o ko~h tj}b flm phkoyhp ipoa }bh fmyhp{h kolmj}jol{ mj{f{}hp{ ja~o{h,

Jl fmmj}jol# ph{hfpkbhp{ bfyh phkhl}cz bjdbcjdb}hm }bh ja~fk} }bf} JK]{6# flm olcjlh

{okjfc lh}tope{ jl ~fp}jkxcfp# fph `hdjlljld }o bfyh mxpjld f mj{f{}hp{ fi}hpaf}b# ò}b

iop phvxh{}jld flm iop ~poyjmjld kpj}jkfc jliopaf}jol iop io{}hpjld koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh

{hh# iop hrfa~ch# [x}}ol 0>6># [x}}ol h} fc 0>>2*, ]bh{h {}xmjh{ {xddh{} }bf} }bh

hahpdhl} x{h{ oi kol}ha~opfpz koaaxljkf}jol ahmjf fph ~phkxp{op{ oi kbfldh{ jl

mj{f{}hp ph{~ol{h f} `pofmhp chyhc{ [x}}ol h} fc 0>>2*, Bothyhp# }bh x{h oi olcjlh

{okjfc lh}tope{ tbhl f mj{f{}hp okkxp{ phvxjph{ aoph ph{hfpkb hiiop}{, ]bhph j{ cj}}ch

jliopaf}jol fyfjcf`ch fòx} }bh tfz ~ho~ch opdflj{h }bha{hcyh{ olcjlh flm j} j{ fc{o

xlkchfp ji }bh{h lh}tope{ kol{}j}x}h hahpdhl} dpox~{ op fph gx{} jlmjkf}op{ oi

hahpdhl} hbfyjoxp,

Ph{hfpkb fja{ flm vxh{}jol{

@z ha~cozjld }bh hfp}bvxfeh }bf} okkxpphm jl Kbjch ol 04}b

Ih`pxfpz 0>6> f{ f kf{h

{}xmz# }bj{ ph{hfpkb fja{ }o cooe f} }bh ifk}op{ }bf} io{}hp op kol{}pfjl mj{f{}hp

ph{jcjhlkh f} koaaxlj}z chyhc jl xp`fl fphf{, ]bh ph{hfpkb iokx{h{ ol }bh poch oi }bh

{okjfc kf~j}fc tbjkb koaaxlj}jh{ bfyh op kphf}h flm }bh ja~op}flkh oi }bh ~cfkh

tbhph }bh yjk}ja{ cjyh iop ko~jld tj}b }bh kol{hvxhlkh{ oi }bh mj{f{}hp mxpjld }bh

hahpdhlkz ~hpjom, ]o ~pokhhm# }to afjl o`ghk}jyh{ bfyh `hhl mhijlhm7

6 Jliopaf}jol flm Koaaxljkf}jol ]hkblocodjh{


14/110


6=

6, ]o f{{h{{ bot ja~op}fl} {okjfc kf~j}fc j{ jl afejld koaaxlj}jh{ ph{jcjhl} flm }ojmhl}jiz }bh hrj{}jld {}pxk}xph{ f{ thcc f{ }bh {okjfc kf~j}fc {~ol}flhox{cz

kphf}hm }o }fkech }bh ja~fk}{ oi }bh mj{f{}hp,

0,

]o f{{h{{ bot ja~op}fl} }bh ~cfkh tbhph koaaxlj}jh{ cjyh j{ jl `xjcmjld }bhjpph{jcjhlkh }o mj{f{}hp{# flm fc{o }o xlmhp{}flm }bh phcf}jol{bj~ `h}thhl }bf}

~cfkh flm }bh fk}jol{ }fehl `z }bh koaaxlj}z mxpjld }bh mj{f{}hp{ fi}hpaf}b,

Ioccotjld }bh f`oyh ahl}jolhm o`ghk}jyh{# f {hpjh{ oi ph{hfpkb vxh{}jol{ tf{

jmhl}jijhm jl phcf}jol }o {okjfc kf~j}fc flm ~cfkh f} koaaxlj}z chyhc7

Bot ja~op}fl} j{ {okjfc kf~j}fc jl afejld koaaxlj}jh{ ph{jcjhl} }o mj{f{}hp{?

Tbf} thph }bh hrj{}jld lh}tope{ flm opdflj{f}jol{ tj}bjl }bh koaaxlj}z? Mjm~ho~ch x{h }bha tbhl }bh mj{f{}hp okkxpphm?

Bot mjm ~ho~ch opdflj{h }bha{hcyh{# flm tbz mjm }bhz mo {o op lo} mo {o*? Tbf} ejlm{ oi opdflj{f}jol{ op lh}tope{ f~~hfphm fi}hp }bh mj{f{}hp }bf} thph

lo} }bhph `hioph?

Bot thph koaaxlj}z opdflj{f}jol{ phcf}hm }o ~cfkh?Tbf} j{ }bh ja~op}flkh oi ~cfkh f{ f ifk}op }bf} kol}pj`x}h{ }o afejld koaaxlj}jh{

ph{jcjhl} }o mj{f{}hp{?

Bot ja~op}fl} iop }bh mj{f{}hp!ph{jcjhl} koaaxlj}z tf{ }bhjp ~phyjox{elotchmdh oi# flm }bhjp f}}fkbahl} }o }bh {xppoxlmjld hlyjpolahl}?

Tbf} thph }bh ehz ph{oxpkh{ ~ph{hl} jl }bo{h ~cfkh{ }bf} thph x{hixc iopko~jld tj}b }bh fi}hpaf}b oi }bh mj{f{}hp?


15/110


68

[FL ^HMPO MH CF ^FW FI]HP ]BH @JO@O HFP]BVXFEH# F KF[H []XMZ

]bj{ kbf~}hp kcfpjijh{ }bh kol}hr} oi }bj{ ph{hfpkb jl ò}b {~f}jfc flm }ha~opfc }hpa{,

Koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh j{ phkodlj{hm f{ ja~op}fl} jl }bh MPP kol}hr}# flm }bh ph{~ol{h

~hpjom kfl ~poyjmh yfcxf`ch jliopaf}jol fòx} koaaxlj}jh{ fmf~}f}jyh kf~fkj}jh{ iop

ko~jld tj}b mj{f{}hp{ flm phkoyhpjld ipoa }bha, Phkhl} hyhl}{ {xkb f{ }bh

hfp}bvxfeh{ }bf} okkxpphm jl Bfj}j flm Kbjch jl 0>6> afeh j} ~o{{j`ch }o jlyh{}jdf}h

koaaxlj}z ph{jcjhlkh flm o}bhp j{{xh{ phcf}hm }o mj{f{}hp pj{e phmxk}jol,

Olh phf{ol iop kboo{jld Kbjch f{ f kf{h {}xmz bhph j{ }bh fx}bop{ ifajcjfpj}z tj}b }bhkoxl}pz0# f kjpkxa{}flkh }bf} ifkjcj}f}h{ fkkh{{ }o ~ho~ch flm ~cfkh{, Bothyhp# }bf} j{

lo} }bh olcz phf{ol, Ijp{}cz# axkb aoph f}}hl}jol bf{ `hhl ~fjm }o }bh kol{hvxhlkh{

oi }bh mj{f{}hp jl Bfj}j `hkfx{h }bh Bfj}jfl{ yxclhpf`jcj}z jl ò}b {okjo !hkoloajk flm

~ocj}jkfc kol}hr}{ j{ tjmhcz phkodlj{hm, Aflz koxl}pjh{ flm jl}hplf}jolfc fdhlkjh{ bfyh

ao`jcj{hm ph{oxpkh{ }o Bfj}j }o bhc~ fiihk}hm ~o~xcf}jol{ jl }bhjp phkoyhpz ;, Iop }bf}

phf{ol# j} j{ ~po`f`ch }bf} }bhph tjcc `h ifp aoph ph{hfpkb ol Bfj}j }bfl ol Kbjch,

[hkolmcz# fc}boxdb Kbjch bf{ `hhl jl}hplf}jolfccz fkelotchmdhm iop j}{ hiijkjhl}

ph{~ol{h }o }bh @joò hfp}bvxfeh flm }{xlfaj# kol{jmhpjld }bh afdlj}xmh oi }bh

hyhl} "@hj}}hc 0>6>*# f {hpjh{ oi ~fp}jkxcfpj}jh{ afpehm }bh mj{f{}hp{ fi}hpaf}b }bhph,

^ho~ch phcjhm bhfyjcz ol jl{}j}x}jol{ flm hahpdhlkz {z{}ha{ jl {xkb f tfz }bf} ifjcxph

op mhcfz jl }bh fx}bopj}jh{ phfk}jol{ bjlmhphm }bh hiihk}jyhlh{{ oi koaaxlj}z

ph{~ol{h{# hyhl kfx{jld co{{ oi cjyh{ jl }otl{ fiihk}hm `z }bh }{xlfaj, Jl fmmj}jol#

coo}jld tf{ f {hpjox{ ~po`cha# kfx{jld iop }bh ijp{} }jah {jlkh }bh ph}xpl oi

mhaokpfkz* }bh ajcj}fpz }o `h ~x} ol }bh {}phh}{ }o ph!h{}f`cj{b ~x`cjk opmhp jl }bh

ao{} fiihk}hm phdjol{, Ixp}bhpaoph# {oah ~cfkh{ jl mhl{hcz ~o~xcf}hm fphf{ thph

j{ocf}hm iop {hyhpfc mfz{ `hkfx{h oi }bh koccf~{h oi }bh }pfl{~op} jlipf{}pxk}xph flm

koaaxljkf}jol{5 }bh{h koaaxlj}jh{ thph ol }bhjp otl mxpjld }bh ijp{} mfz{, F ~cfkh

jl tbjkb {oah oi }bh{h kolmj}jol{ kolyhpdhm tf{ }bh koaaxlh oi [fl ^hmpo mh cf

0

]bh fx}bop j{ Kbjchfl# tj}b ~hpaflhl} ph{jmhlkh jl [fl}jfdo# }bh kf~j}fc# `x} bf{ ifajcz }jh{ }o }bh@joò phdjol,; Kbjch fc{o mjm `hioph }bh @joò hfp}bvxfeh okkxpphm,


16/110


69

^fw# jl }bh Ah}po~ocj}fl Fphf oi Kolkh~kjl, ]bj{ j{ }bh ~cfkh tbjkb j{ jlyh{}jdf}hm jl

}bj{ kf{h {}xmz,

Hfp}bvxfeh{ f{ ~fp} oi }bh Kbjchfl{ cjih

Lo`omz jl Kbjch kfl ihhc jaaxlh }o }bh ~o{{j`jcj}z oi hr~hpjhlkjld fl hfp}bvxfeh,

Mxpjld }bh cf{} 6>> zhfp{ aoph }bfl 68 hfp}bvxfeh{ oi A14,8 op bjdbhp bfyh okkxpphm

jl Kbjch @fppjhl}o{ h} fc 0>>=*, ]bj{ j{ `hkfx{h }bh koxl}pz j{ cokf}hm fcold }bh

{x`mxk}jol wolh oi }bh Lfwkf ^cf}h `hlhf}b }bh kol}jlhl}fc [ox}b Fahpjkfl ^cf}h,

Aophoyhp# }bh phdjol fiihk}hm `z }bh 0>6> hfp}bvxfeh kol{}j}x}h{ olh oi }to {hj{ajk

df~{ tbhph fl hyhl} oi A12 op bjdbhp tf{ hr~hk}hm }o okkxp = Afmfpjfdf 6::2#

Pxhdd h} fc 0>>:*, Fkkopmjld }o ]bh Topcm @fle 0>>8* Kbjch j{ olh oi }bh ao{} bfwfpm!

~polh phdjol{ jl }bh topcm8# `hjld hr~o{hm }o hfp}bvxfeh{# yockfloh{# icoom{ flm

mpoxdb}{, ]bh khl}pfc fphf oi }bh koxl}pz pfle{ {hyhl}b jl }bh topcm iop hr~o{xph }o

}bphh op aoph bfwfpm{# tj}b aoph }bfl 8> ~hpkhl} oi }bh ~o~xcf}jol ~o}hl}jfccz

fiihk}hm {hh Ijdxph 6*,

=]bh o}bhp j{ cokf}hm `h}thhl Fpjkf flm Fl}oifdf{}f jl }bh lop}bhpl phdjol{,

8

]bh ph~op} tf{ molh }fejld jl}o fkkoxl} bfwfpm hr~o{xph flm yxclhpf`jcj}z phdfpmjld ~o~xcf}jol flmDM^# tj}b }bh fja oi ahf{xpjld pj{e{ oi aop}fcj}z flm hkoloajk co{{ phcf}hm }o mj{f{}hp okkxpphlkh, ]bhbfwfpm{ kol{jmhphm thph icoom{# mpoxdb}# kzkcolh{# hfp}bvxfeh{ flm yockfloh{,


17/110


64

IJDXPH 67 FPHF[ BJDBCZ HR^O[HM ]O OLH OI AOPH BFWFPM[ JL ]BH TOPCM# @Z BFWFPM ]Z^H

[oxpkh7 ]bh Topcm @fle 0>>87;


18/110


62

Fkkopmjld }o HA!MF] 0>6>*# }bh 04}b Ih`pxfpz hfp}bvxfeh j{ `z ifp }bh ao{} mfafdjld

{jlkh 6:>> jl }hpa{ ò}b oi hkoloajk ko{}{ flm oi fiihk}hm ~o~xcf}jol, F{ ]f`ch 6

{bot{# }bh ao{} {hyhph mj{f{}hp{ jl Kbjch fph hfp}bvxfeh{# tbjkb lopafccz fiihk} bjdbcz

~o~xcf}hm fphf{, Fc}boxdb Kbjch bf{ chfplhm ipoa ~f{} hr~hpjhlkh{ flm `xjcmjld{ fphaxkb aoph ph{j{}fl} lot# }bx{ ajljaj{jld bxafl co{{h{# j} j{ kchfpcz lo} hloxdb, Jl f

koxl}pz tbhph 28( oi }bh ~o~xcf}jol cjyh{ jl kj}jh{ JLH 0>>0* flm tbhph kj}jh{ fph

cokf}hm jl fphf{ hr~o{hm }o lf}xpfc bfwfpm{# j} j{ ja~hpf}jyh }o `xjcm aoph ph{jcjhl}

kj}jh{,

]F@CH 67 ]O^ 6> MJ[F[]HP[ JL KBJCH IPOA 6:>> ]O 0>6>

[op}hm `z }o}fc lxa`hp oi ~ho~chejcchm [op}hm `z }o}fc ~o~xcf}jol fiihk}hm [op}hm ko{}{ oi hkoloajk mfafdh

Mj{f{}hp Mf}hL

EjcchmMj{f{}hp Mf}h

]o}fc

Fiihk}hmMj{f{}hp Mf}h

Mfafdh

">>> X[-*

Hfp}bvxfeh 0=!>6!6:;: ;>#>>> Hfp}bvxfeh 04!>0!6> 0#946#889 Hfp}bvxfeh 04!>0!6> ;>#>>>#>>>

Hfp}bvxfeh 69!>2!6:>9 0>#>>> Hfp}bvxfeh >2!>4!46 0#;=2#:4; Hfp}bvxfeh >;!>;!28 6#8>>#>>>

Hfp}bvxfeh 06!>8!9> 9>#>>> Hfp}bvxfeh 06!>8!9> 0#>>;#>>> Hfp}bvxfeh 0=!>6!;: :0>

Hfp}bvxfeh 6:00 6#>>> Hfp}bvxfeh >;!>;!28 6#=20#048 Hfp}bvxfeh 06!>8!9> 88>

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19/110


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20/110


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21/110


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22/110


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23/110


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24/110


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25/110


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26/110


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27/110


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35/110


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36/110


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37/110


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ph`xjcmjld ~ocj}jkfc ~fp}jh{ f {j}xf}jol }bf} {}jcc jlicxhlkh{ ~ocj}jkfc mhkj{jol{# lot

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0>6># Jl{jmh Ifkhòoe 0>6>*,


38/110


;2

AH]BOMOCODZ

F~~pofkb

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kol}hr} flm bot mjiihphl} ifk}op{ jl}hpfk} flm jlicxhlkh olh flo}bhp jl }bf} kol}hr}

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ph{jcjhlkh jl }bh ~o{}!mj{f{}hp kol}hr},

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ah}bom{ }pjfldxcf}jol }o cooe f} }bh kolyhpdhlkh op mjyhpdhlkh `h}thhl mf}f

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39/110


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40/110


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41/110


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Gonzalez Muzzio 2010 Exploring Community Resilience

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Transcript of Gonzalez Muzzio 2010 Exploring Community Resilience