GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS A GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS A CANCER TREATMENTCANCER TREATMENTBY: CELIA DUNNBY: CELIA DUNN

BACKGROUND OF CANCER TREATMENTSBACKGROUND OF CANCER TREATMENTS

• Egypt 3000B.C.Egypt 3000B.C.

• 1761 – First Autopsy1761 – First Autopsy

• 1919thth Century- Birth of Oncology Century- Birth of Oncology

• In 1915, Scientists at Tokyo University induced cancer in lab In 1915, Scientists at Tokyo University induced cancer in lab animals for the first timeanimals for the first time

• Current Cancer Treatments Include: Surgery, Radiation, Current Cancer Treatments Include: Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Hormone Therapy, Immune Therapy, and Chemotherapy, Hormone Therapy, Immune Therapy, and Targeted TherapyTargeted Therapy

STATISTICS STATISTICS

• Over 50 Different Types of CancerOver 50 Different Types of Cancer

• Over 12 Million People Impacted GloballyOver 12 Million People Impacted Globally

• Almost 2 Million Diagnoses in the U.S. Alone Almost 2 Million Diagnoses in the U.S. Alone

– – 35% Death Rate35% Death Rate

THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM

• Tumors can get wrapped around other organs and bone Tumors can get wrapped around other organs and bone

which can make them inoperable and require extensive which can make them inoperable and require extensive

treatments which are extremely harsh on healthy cells.treatments which are extremely harsh on healthy cells.

TWO EXPERIMENTSTWO EXPERIMENTS

1- Swinburne University of 1- Swinburne University of

TechnologyTechnology

2- Rice University2- Rice University

SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

• Used Gold Nanoparticles to Amplify Hypothermia in CellsUsed Gold Nanoparticles to Amplify Hypothermia in Cells

HOW IT WORKSHOW IT WORKS

1- Gold Nanoparticles Infect Cancer Cells1- Gold Nanoparticles Infect Cancer Cells

2- High Heat FLMS Laser Pulses are Sent into Tumor Site and Hit Gold 2- High Heat FLMS Laser Pulses are Sent into Tumor Site and Hit Gold NanoparticlesNanoparticles

3- Gold Nanoparticles Heat up and Cause Major Damage in Cells - 3- Gold Nanoparticles Heat up and Cause Major Damage in Cells - HYPERTHERMIAHYPERTHERMIA

4- Cell Death4- Cell Death

RICE UNIVERSITYRICE UNIVERSITY

• Used Gold Nanoparticles to Develop “quadrapeutics”Used Gold Nanoparticles to Develop “quadrapeutics”

““QUADRAPEUTICS”QUADRAPEUTICS”

• 1. LASER PULSE1. LASER PULSE

• 2. X-RAYS (3-6 PERCENT OF A TYPICAL RADIATION DOSE)2. X-RAYS (3-6 PERCENT OF A TYPICAL RADIATION DOSE)

• 3. GOLD NANOPARTICLES3. GOLD NANOPARTICLES

• 4. DRUGS4. DRUGS

HOW IT WORKSHOW IT WORKS

• 1. Low Dose of Chemotherapy Drug – Tags Cancer Cells1. Low Dose of Chemotherapy Drug – Tags Cancer Cells

• 2. Inject Gold Nanoparticles2. Inject Gold Nanoparticles

• 3. Low Heat Near-Infrared Laser Pulse3. Low Heat Near-Infrared Laser Pulse• Nano Particles Turn into NanobubblesNano Particles Turn into Nanobubbles

• 4. Low Dose of Radiation 4. Low Dose of Radiation

• RESULTS: Intracellular ExplosionsRESULTS: Intracellular Explosions

• 17 Times More Efficient than Chemoradiation Therapy17 Times More Efficient than Chemoradiation Therapy

SUCESSSUCESS

• SUCCESFULLY REMOVED TUMORS IN MICESUCCESFULLY REMOVED TUMORS IN MICE

DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES

• 1- Swinburne University of Technology1- Swinburne University of Technology

• Relies on high heat lasersRelies on high heat lasers

• Does not use DrugsDoes not use Drugs

• Kills More Healthy Cells than the Rice University Experiment Kills More Healthy Cells than the Rice University Experiment

• 2- Rice University2- Rice University

• Uses Low Heat LasersUses Low Heat Lasers

• Uses DrugsUses Drugs

• Kills Less Healthy Cells than the Swinburne University of Technology Kills Less Healthy Cells than the Swinburne University of Technology

ExperimentExperiment

RISKSRISKS

• Could Kill too Many Healthy CellsCould Kill too Many Healthy Cells

• Cause Major Tissue Damage to OrgansCause Major Tissue Damage to Organs

FUTUREFUTURE

• MOVE INTO CLINICAL TRIALSMOVE INTO CLINICAL TRIALS

• CURE FOR INOPERABLE TUMORSCURE FOR INOPERABLE TUMORS

• CURE FOR HARD TO TREAT CANCERSCURE FOR HARD TO TREAT CANCERS

• LUNG, BRAIN, PROSTATE, ETC..LUNG, BRAIN, PROSTATE, ETC..

REFERENCESREFERENCES

• Facts, Cancer. & Figures 2014 (n.d.): n. pag. American Cancer Society. ACS, 2014. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.

• For Written Permission, Address The Legal Department Of, The American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Nw,, and Ga 30303-1002 Atlanta. "Global Cancer Facts and Figures." Global Cancer (n.d.): n. pag.American Cancer Society. ACS, 2011. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.

• Johnson, Dexter. "Cancer Bursting Nanobubbles Prove Effectiveness in Preclinical Trials." - IEEE Spectrum. IEEE Spectrum, June-July 2014. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.

• Li, Jing-Liang, and Min Gu. "Gold-Nanoparticle-Enhanced Cancer Photothermal Therapy." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 16.4 (2010): 989-94. Web.

• Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina, Xiangwei Wu, Xiaoyang Ren, Vladimir Torchilin, and Rupa Sawant. "Rice-developed Technology Effective Against Aggressive Cancer." Rice University News & Media. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2014.

• "The History of Cancer." The History of Cancer. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2014.

• Pictures: Pictures:

• http://www.lemmo.com/hyperthermia/hyperthermia-background/http://www.lemmo.com/hyperthermia/hyperthermia-background/

• http://www.ihd-wallpapers.com/world-map-pics-1736/http://www.ihd-wallpapers.com/world-map-pics-1736/

• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lab_mouse_mg_3216.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lab_mouse_mg_3216.jpg

• http://mobileintensiveprayerunit.blogspot.com/2011_06_01_archive.htmlhttp://mobileintensiveprayerunit.blogspot.com/2011_06_01_archive.html