Goethe’s inspiration - the European Fan Palm at the Padua Botanical Garden

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe1749 - 1832

Padua Botanical Garden

SERIAL HOMOLOGY - GOETHE’S PALM

Serial Homology of the Lobster

Figure 34.4b-c  Chordate segmentation

CRUSTACEANS COMPARED - EVOLUTIONARY HOMOLOGY

CRUSTACEANS COMPARED: EVOLUTIONARY TRANSFORMATION

LOBSTERROCK CRAB

Figure 21.13  Homeotic mutations and abnormal pattern formation in Drosophila

Homologous genes that affect pattern formation in a fruit fly and a mouse

1 gatatcagaa cgtctagata tgacttcatc gggcaaatca catttgctat acaaaactgt 61 taattatgta tggttgtggt atatctacaa aaataattat taaaagatac gtttaaacgt 121 ttatatacca tatctataag cgttaattaa gaacatctaa aaaagataaa aaatcgagac 181 aatcgaaatc aaaaacgttt tttactctta taagtactta agcagcataa caatttacaa 241 ttattttaca taataggcaa acagaaactt tcgacctttc cattgcaaaa ccctatttta 301 gattattttc actggtaaaa taaataaata aatgagtttg taaattaatg attcagtctg 361 aagtaatcga cggattgata ctttaaaaac taaaaagtca acacaaggcc tttagagaac 421 cgtatttgta aattgtacaa ttattttaat tgattttata gaaggtggtc tcccacaaaa 481 tggtagattt gaccgctaaa aattttaaaa acaagtaaac tgaagatgta cacatctttc 541 acatcgttac gctattttaa gaaattaaaa gcaaatgaat tgattgacca tatagtccag 601 aagaatggtt aaaaaggtat aaagatatta agttataaag atatagtaat cgctcttcga 661 aataaaagta caaactactc gataatgccc agacaatcga attttaaata gtttcgattt 721 tagagaaact gaaaacagca cttaagagaa agaaacttaa aattgaacct tgcaaaaaaa 781 ttgtatttaa taaaccaaaa tgaatgaaac aaatttctta aaaacctaat aaaaaagtga 841 aatcaaatat accaaccaaa ataaatctgg gaactgaata atcgaaaata actggatgtg 901 catcataaga tcttcttttg aagactgact acagtttgca gctcagcgag ctcgggccgg 961 caactcaagc cggtcaactc aagtcaggcg ccaattcgct gctcccactc gctcagctct 1021 ctcagtcact caaaatggca acgagagcag aacggttctt ttgcaaaata ctttatgacc 1081 ggagcagaag cagaatcgga cctctgtcgc ggtcgcagtc gctgccagtg ctgacggcgc 1141 tgttgcggcc gacattgacg cacataaata aaacgctctc tttcgctcac gatttcttat 1201 aagactttat ttatatacta ctcgctgcca ccgctgacgt gccgccgccg ccgccgactg 1261 cgctggatta ataaggagtt ctcgctggga ttttcacatg tatatgcttt gaattgaatg 1321 ctttATG

DNA Sequence of the promoter for the homoeotic gene controlling transformation of the Fruit Fly antenna.

THE HOMEODOMAIN - 60 AMINO ACIDS THAT REMAIN VERY SIMILAR IN ALL PROTEINS MADE BY HOMEOTICGENES.

Dm - FruitflyTc - BeetleJc - ButterflyAk - Onycho- phoran

Amino acid sequences compared for the homeotic gene Ubx

insects

arthropods

Decides six legs or more

The homeobox is relatively constant because it has a precise job.

The homeobox is relatively constant because it has a precise job.

Figure 21.14  Homologous genes that affect pattern formation in a fruit fly and a mouse

Figure 25.16  Building a phylogenetic tree of dinosaurs

Mustard-oil plants are in various places in the morphological phylogeny based on floral features.

Sample data from the rbcL gene

papaya

cabbage

nasturtium

geranium…and a phylogeny for the mustard-oil plants and their traditional allies.

Cabbage Butterflies and their kin: the butterflies that have Learned how to eat mustard oils.

A GENERAL LIFE CYCLE FOR THE VASULAR PLANTS