Marienbader Elegie 1

Marienbader Elegie

Blick auf Marienbad in Böhmen (um 1900)

Ulrike von Levetzow. Anonymes Pastellgemälde,1821

Unter dem Titel „Trilogie der Leidenschaft“ fasst Johann Wolfgangvon Goethe 1827 erstmals drei Gedichte zusammen, die zuunterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten und aus verschiedenen Anlässen in denJahren 1823 und 1824 entstanden sind. Das letzte Gedicht dieserTrilogie bildet die „Marienbader Elegie“, ein Liebesgedicht, dessenAnlass die endgültige Trennung Goethes von Ulrike von Levetzow ist.

Im Sommer 1821 reist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe zu einemKuraufenthalt in das böhmische Marienbad. Auf der Suche nachAblenkung vom tristen Alltag, von Gebrechen des Alters und von derEinsamkeit trifft er auf die siebzehnjährige naiv-kokette Ulrike vonLevetzow, die mit ihrer Mutter und den beiden jüngeren Schwesternden Sommer in Marienbad verbringt. Im fast 72 Jahre alten Goetheentbrennt eine große Leidenschaft zu dem 54 Jahre jüngeren Mädchen.Blind vor Liebe wagt er zwei Sommer später 1823 das beinaheUndenkbare: Mit Hilfe seines Freundes Großherzog Carl August vonSachsen-Weimar-Eisenach hält er schriftlich und formell bei UlrikesMutter, Amalie von Levetzow, um die Hand des Mädchens an. CarlAugust unterstützt den Antrag, indem er der Familie ein sorgenfreiesLeben an seinem Hof verspricht. „Kein Mißbilligen, kein Scheltenmacht die Liebe tadelhaft“, rechtfertigt Goethe vor Carl August seinBemühen.

Umso erschütternder ist für den vom Schicksal stets begünstigtenGoethe, der sein Leben lang Glück in der Liebe hatte, die höflicheAbsage durch Ulrike: „Das Fräulein hätte noch gar keine Lust zuheiraten“ heißt es diplomatisch. Diese größte persönliche NiederlageGoethes wird zugleich zum Höhepunkt seiner Schaffenskraft. Nachdieser bitteren Erfahrung setzt der Liebende seinem entsagungsvollenLiebeserlebnis schon in der Kutsche nach seinem Aufbruch ausMarienbad ein lyrisches Denkmal: Die Marienbader Elegie, ein Klagelied, das laut Goethe „das Produkt eines höchstleidenschaftlichen Zustandes“ ist[1].

Dieses leidvolle Erlebnis ist zugleich die letzte Erfahrung der Liebe in Goethes Leben und besiegelt GoethesAbschied von der Liebe allgemein. Das Schwinden der Liebesfähigkeit des Menschen, der Goethe einen religiösenRang zuerkennt, ist gleichzusetzen mit dem Tod:

Mir ist das All, ich bin mir selbst verloren,Der ich noch erst den Göttern Liebling war;Sie prüften mich, verliehen mir Pandoren,So reich an Gütern, reicher an Gefahr;Sie drängten mich zum gabeseligen Munde,Sie trennen mich, und richten mich zugrunde.

Marienbader Elegie 2

Goethe um 1828

Goethe-Denkmal in Marienbad

(Auszug aus der Marienbader Elegie)

Johann Peter Eckermann sieht das Gedicht als persönlichstes Zeugnisvon Goethes Leidenschaft:„Die jugendlichste Glut der Liebe, gemildert durch die sittliche Höhedes Geistes, das erschien mir im Allgemeinen als des Gedichtesdurchgreifender Charakter. Übrigens kam es mir vor, als seien dieausgesprochenen Gefühle stärker, als wir sie in anderen GedichtenGoethes anzutreffen gewohnt sind …“ [1]

Stefan Zweig beschreibt das lyrische Dokument als das „bedeutendsteintimste Gedicht seines Alters“ und widmete der Entstehung undGeschichte ein volles Kapitel in seiner berühmten Sammlungliterarische Miniaturen Sternstunden der Menschheit. Für Zweigenthalten die Verse „eine der reinsten Strophen über das Gefühl derHingabe und Liebe, die jemals die deutsche und irgendeine Sprachegeschaffen:“ [2]

In unsers Busens Reine wogt ein Streben,Sich einem Höhern, Reinern, UnbekanntenAus Dankbarkeit freiwillig hinzugeben,Enträtselnd sich den ewig Ungenannten;

Wir heißen’s: fromm sein! – Solcher seligen HöheFühl’ ich mich teilhaft, wenn ich vor ihr stehe.(Auszug aus der Marienbader Elegie)

Otto Erich Hartleben hingegen wandte sich gegen das „scheußliche Gedicht […] Dieses aufgeplusterte hohle Strohsoll der Teufel holen. ‚Im Handeln, seis zur Freude seis dem Lieben‘ – wenn da nicht die Geduld reißt –Gottverdammich! Das ist eine ekelhafte Wichtigthuerei und weiter gar nichts.“ [3]

Marienbader Elegie 3

Quelle• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Berliner Ausgabe. Poetische Werke, Band 1, Berlin 1960 ff., S. 497–502.• Onlineversion bei www.zeno.org [4]

Literatur• Friedemann Bedürftig: Die lieblichste der lieblichsten Gestalten. Ulrike von Levetzow und Goethe (= Rororo

23849). Rowohlt-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-499-23849-7.• Dagmar von Gersdorff: Goethes späte Liebe. Die Geschichte der Ulrike von Levetzow (= Insel-Bücherei. Nr.

1265). Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2005, ISBN 3-458-19265-4.• Johann Wolfgang v. Goethe, Ulrike von Levetzow: „... Keine Liebschaft war es nicht“. Eine Textsammlung.

Herausgegeben von Jochen Klauß. Manesse-Verlag, Zürich 1997, ISBN 3-7175-8224-0.• Sebastian Kaufmann: „Schöpft des Dichters reine Hand ...“ Studien zu Goethes poetologischer Lyrik (= Beiträge

zur neueren Literaturgeschichte. Bd. 291). Winter, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8253-5916-4, S. 413–472(Zugleich: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 2011), (Ausführliche Interpretation der Elegie im Kontext dergesamten Trilogie der Leidenschaft).

• Astrid Seele: Frauen um Goethe (= Rororo 50636 Rowohlts Monographien). Überarbeitete Neuausgabe.Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-499-50636-X.

• Martin Walser: Ein liebender Mann. Roman. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-498-07363-3(Literarische Fiktion über Goethes Beziehung zu Ulrike.)

• Stefan Zweig: Die Marienbader Elegie. In: Sternstunden der Menschheit. 12 historische Miniaturen (=Fischer-Bücherei. Bd. 595). Ungekürzte Ausgabe. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 1964 (Zahlreiche Auflagen).

Einzelnachweise[1] Johann Peter Eckermann, Gespräche mit Goethe in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens, Eintrag vom 16. November 1823. (Online bei Projekt

Gutenberg) (http:/ / projekt. gutenberg. de/ archiv/ eckerman/ gesprche/ gesprche. xml)[2] Stefan Zweig: Die Marienbader Elegie. In: Sternstunden der Menschheit.[3] Otto Erich Hartleben: An Otto Pniower, 12. III. 1901. In: Briefe an Freunde. 1912, S. 286 ff.[4] http:/ / www. zeno. org/ Literatur/ M/ Goethe,+ Johann+ Wolfgang/ Gedichte/ Gedichte+ (Ausgabe+ letzter+ Hand. + 1827)/ Lyrisches/

Trilogie+ der+ Leidenschaft/ Elegie

Quelle(n) und Bearbeiter des/der Artikel(s) 4

Quelle(n) und Bearbeiter des/der Artikel(s)Marienbader Elegie  Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=106874141  Bearbeiter: Aka, Ammonius, Bernardoni, ChristophDemmer, Corradox, Darev, Eberhard Cornelius,Filiolus, GeraldLanghanke, Göttersohn, Liesbeth, Magiers, Marzahn, Ottoerich, Philmel, Scooter, Sitacuisses, Stefan64, Wildtierreservat, Woches, Århus, 10 anonyme Bearbeitungen

Quelle(n), Lizenz(en) und Autor(en) des BildesDatei:Marienbad Ferdinandstrasse 1900.jpg  Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Marienbad_Ferdinandstrasse_1900.jpg  Lizenz: Public Domain  Bearbeiter: Bdk, JanArkesteijn, Podzemnik, TohmaDatei:Ulrike von Levetzow.jpg  Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Ulrike_von_Levetzow.jpg  Lizenz: Public Domain  Bearbeiter: Darldarl, Gryffindor, Ies, Mattes,MogelzahnDatei:Goethe (Stieler 1828).jpg  Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Goethe_(Stieler_1828).jpg  Lizenz: Public Domain  Bearbeiter: Cybershot800i, Darldarl, Hajotthu,Haunschmid, Ies, L.Kenzel, Shakko, Slomox, Thuresson, 2 anonyme BearbeitungenDatei:Marienbad Goethe-Denkmal.JPG  Quelle: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Marienbad_Goethe-Denkmal.JPG  Lizenz: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Bearbeiter: User:Corradox

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