VentilationVentilationfofo

Goat CoGoat CoGoat CoGoat CoDavid W. K

Biological SystemBiological SystemUW Mad

n Designn DesignororomfortomfortomfortomfortKammelms Engineeringms Engineeringdison

Dairy Goat ComDairy Goat ComDairy Goat ComDairy Goat ComProvide a safe comfoProvide a safe, comfo

environment– Space to rest and walSpace to rest and wal– Clean & dry resting s– Fresh Air (Ventilation)

D f f– Draft free (Ventilation)– Adequate feed and w

Exercise (Activity)– Exercise (Activity)– Manage temperature

• 50-60 oF Adults, 0-55 50 60 du ts, 0 55• 54-65 oF Kids

mfortmfortmfortmfortortable & healthyortable, & healthy

lklkspace))ater

extremesoF no production affectso p oduct o a ects

Dairy Goat ManDairy Goat ManDairy Goat ManDairy Goat Man

Milking Does Dry Doesy Bucks New born Kids New born Kids Growing Kids Males Females

nagement Groupsnagement Groupsnagement Groupsnagement Groups

ss

Movable ShelterMovable ShelterOptionsOptionsOptionsOptions

Poly DomesPoly DomesCalf HutchesCalf HutchesQuonset HutsQuonset HutsPortaPorta HutsHutsPortaPorta HutsHuts

Permanent ShelterPermanent ShelterOptionsOptions

SSHoop ShelterHoop ShelterGreenhouse ShelterGreenhouse ShelterPost Frame BuildingPost Frame BuildingggRemodeled BarnsRemodeled Barns

Ventilation Ventilation (1 of (1 of ((“Inadequate ventilation is t“Inadequate ventilation is t

in in barns”barns”

Provide air exchangeR i tRemove moistureReduce concentration

of airborne pathogensof airborne pathogensRemove noxious gaseD ft t tiDraft protectionReduce condensation

7)7)))the most common mistake the most common mistake made made

Condensation

ns

Fresh Air

ses Moisture

Pathogensi

nAmmoniaH2S(Odor)

VentilationVentilation (2 of(2 of 77Ventilation Ventilation (2 of (2 of 77“Natural Motive “Natural Motive Forces”Forces”

Wi dWi d WindWind W

Thermal BuoyancyThermal Buoyancy“Stack Effect”“Stack Effect”

7)7)7)7)

Wind

Ventilation Ventilation (3 of (3 of 77

“Natural Motive “Natural Motive Forces ”Forces ”

Wi dWi d WindWind

Thermal BuoyancyThermal Buoyancy“Stack Effect”“Stack Effect”–– temperature differencetemperature difference

between inside and outsidebetween inside and outside

7)7)

30 oF

20 oF

VentilationVentilation (4(4 ofof 77Ventilation Ventilation (4 (4 of of 77“Natural Ventilation Season“Natural Ventilation Season

SS R h tR h t Summer Summer -- Remove heatRemove heat–– Open sidewallsOpen sidewalls–– Open DoorsOpen Doors

Winter Winter -- Remove moistureRemove moisture

W

7)7)7)7)nal nal design”design”

ee

Wind

VentilationVentilation (5(5 ofof 77Ventilation Ventilation (5 (5 of of 77“Natural Ventilation Season“Natural Ventilation Season

SS R h tR h t Summer Summer -- Remove heatRemove heat

Wi tWi t R i tR i t Winter Winter -- Remove moistureRemove moisture–– Air movement up highAir movement up high–– minimize minimize draftdraft W

7)7)7)7)nal nal Design”Design”

Moisture

ee

Wind

VentilationVentilation (6(6 ofof 77Ventilation Ventilation (6 (6 of of 77“Mechanical Ventilation Mo“Mechanical Ventilation Mo

M h i l N tiM h i l N ti Mechanical Negative Mechanical Negative PressurePressure–– Tight constructionTight constructiongg

7)7)7)7)otive otive Forces”Forces”

VentilationVentilation (7(7 ofof 77Ventilation Ventilation (7 (7 of of 77“Mechanical Ventilation Mo“Mechanical Ventilation Mo

M h i l P itiM h i l P iti Mechanical Positive Mechanical Positive PressurePressure–– Open doors or constructionOpen doors or construction

7)7)7)7)otive otive Forces”Forces”

nn

Choosing Type Of VBarHa

Ceili

No

BarnObstructed from

Wind?

YesNo

Natural VentilationNatural Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation –Positive Pressure

Ventilation rn

as ing?

Yes

CeilingCan be

Removed?

YesRemoved?

No

TightNo

No

Construction?

YesMechanical Ventilation –Negative Pressure

–

Natural VentilatioNatural VentilatioNatural VentilatioNatural Ventilatio

WinterWinter–– 2” ridge out2” ridge out

building widbuilding widbuilding widbuilding wid–– 1” eave ope1” eave ope

10’ building10’ building10 building 10 building SummerSummer

–– Open doorsOpen doorsOpen doorsOpen doorssidewallssidewalls 5050

on Designon Designon Designon Design

tlet /10’ tlet /10’ dthdthdthdthening/ ening/

widthwidthwidthwidth

oror or or 0%0%

Mechanical VenMechanical VenMechanical VenMechanical Ven

WinterWinter–– 4 air chang4 air chang–– 20 20 cfmcfm per per

SummerSummer–– 30 air chan30 air chan–– 150150--200 200 cfcf

Draft freeDraft free–– Adults < Adults < 1010–– Kids < Kids < 50 f50 f

tilation Ratestilation Ratestilation Ratestilation Rates

ges per hour orges per hour oradult goatadult goat

nges per hour ornges per hour orfmfm per adult goatper adult goat

00 fpm00 fpmfpmfpmpp

Mechanical Mechanical VenVenNegative Pressure DeNegative Pressure De

Fans in side allFans in side wall– creates negative press

Designed inletsDesigned inlets– distribute air without d

ControlsControls

ntilationntilationesignesign

ure

raft

Mechanical Mechanical VenVenPositive Pressure DesPositive Pressure Des

Fans in side wall– creates positive press

di t ib t i ith t d– distribute air without dOutlets

Open windows– Open windows– Doors for animal acces

ControlsControls

ntilationntilationsignsign

ured ftdraft

ss

Mechanical VentilatioMechanical VentilatioPositive Pressure DesPositive Pressure Des

Truss

3.0

m

E xtend partitonto preventcalf to calf conta

S pace betw een w alland pen backfor air flow

2.7

m

S olid partition

H oleP osition

0 3 m 2 4 m 0 3 m 2 7 m

P en front

calf to calf conta

C ompacted gravel

0.3

m

S olid partitionbetw een calves

C oncrete alle

9.0 m

0.3 m 2.4 m 0.3 m 2.7 m

onon

15 cm ridge

signsign5 c dge

outlet minimum

8 cm eave inletminimum

P olyethyleneV entilation D uct

0.8 m 2 7 m curtain

Open panelback

ct 1.2 m x 2.4 m

2.7 m curtainOptional tw opiece curtain

n

1.2

m

0 3 m 2 4 m

ct

0 3 m

1.2 m x 2.4 mpen space

ey 15 cm deep bedding

0.3 m 2.4 m 0.3 m

Polyethylene Duct Polyethylene Duct

DuctDiameter

DuDiametercm (inches) 2 m/s (400 fpm) 4 m

Air flowl/s (cfm)

NumberCalves

Air Flowl/s (cfm)

Duct AirDuct Air

15 (6) 37 (79) 5 74 (157)

20 (8) 66 (140) 9 132 (279)

25 (10) 103 (218) 15 206 (436)

30 (12) 148 (314) 21 296 (628)

40 (16) 263 (559) 37 527 (1117

45 (18) 333 (707) 47 667 (141445 (18) 333 (707) 47 667 (1414

50 (20) 412 (873)58

823 (1745

60 (24) 593 (1257)84

1186 (251

75 (30) 926 (1963)131

1852 (392

m/s = meter per second, fpm = feet per minute, l/s = liter per second, cfNumber Calves based on 7 l/s (15 cfm) per calf.

Air Flow CapacityAir Flow Capacity

uct Velocity

/s (800 fpm) 5 m/s (1000 fpm)

NumberCalves

Air Flowl/s (cfm) Number

Calves

r Flow Capacityr Flow Capacity

10 93 (196) 13

19 165 (349) 23

29 257 (545) 36

42 370 (785) 52

) 74 659 (1396) 93

4) 94 834 (1767) 1184) 94 834 (1767) 118

5)116

1029 (2182)145

3)168

1482 (3142)209

27)262

2315 (4909)327

fm = cubic feet per minute,

Outlet Hole Air FlowOutlet Hole Air Flow

HoleDiameter 3 / (600 f )3 m/s (600 fpm)

mm (inches)

l/s (cfm) l/( )

12 (0.5) 0.4 (1) 0

25 (1.0) 1.5 (3) 225 (1.0) 1.5 (3) 2

38 (1.5) 3.4 (7) 4

50 (2 0) 6 1 (13) 850 (2.0) 6.1 (13) 8

63 (2.5) 9.6 (20) 1

75 (3 0) 13 8 (29) 175 (3.0) 13.8 (29) 1

m/s = meter per second, fpm = feet per minute, l/s = liter per second

w Capacityw Capacity

Air Velocity

4 / (800 f ) 5 / (1000 f )4 m/s (800 fpm) 5 m/s (1000 fpm)

Hole Air Flow Capacity

/s (cfm) l/s (cfm)

0.5 (1) 0.6 (1)

2.0 (4) 2.5 (5)2.0 (4) 2.5 (5)

4.6 (10) 5.7 (12)

8 2 (17) 10 2 (22)8.2 (17) 10.2 (22)

2.7 (27) 15.9 (34)

8 4 (39) 22 9 (49)8.4 (39) 22.9 (49)

d, cfm = cubic feet per minute

Throw Distance to sThrow Distance to s

3 m/s (600 fpm) 4

Hole diameter

25mm 1 inch

50mm 2 inch

75mm 3 inch

25in

Throw distance to still air

1.1 m 3.4 ft

2.1 m 6.9 ft

3.2 m 10.3 ft

1.4.

still air

m/s = meter per second, fpm = feet per minute

still airstill air

Air Velocity

m/s (800 fpm) 5 m/s (1000 fpm)

5mm 1 nch

50mm 2 inch

75mm 3 inch

25mm 1 inch

50mm 2 inch

75mm 3 inch

.4 m

.6 ft2.8 m 9.2 ft

4.2 m 13.7 ft

1.8 m 5.7 ft

3.5 m 11.5 ft

5.3 m 7 ft

Throw Distance to sThrow Distance to s

Duct

Hole Velocity

Duct

22 Degree spreaof air stream25 mm hole diameter

1.4 m throw

50 mm hole diameter2 8 th

1 inch hole diameter4.6 foot throw

2.8 m throw

75 mm hole diameter4.2 m throw

2 inch hole diameter9.2 foot throw

3 inch hole diameter13.7 foot throw

still airstill air

4 m/s (800 fpm)

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rrg Summerg Summergg

Positive Pressure WinterPositive Pressure Winterrr

Positive Pressure WinterPositive Pressure Winterrr

Positive Pressure WinterPositive Pressure Winterr Summerr Summer

Questions?