Goals of Archaeology
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Transcript of Goals of Archaeology
Goals of Archaeology
Archaeology: Important Terms• Focuses on ___________ _____________________ ____________________
• Sites: Precise __________
Archaeology: Important Terms
Archaeology: Important Terms
• Features: ____________________________
• Artifacts: ___________________________
• Ethnoarchaeology _______________________________
Example: modern-day foragers
Archaeology & Cultural Anthropology• ________________________
Learn about individual cultures Compare & contrast
Form a broad understanding of ______________
• Archaeology 1. 2.
Goals of Archaeology • Overall goal:
__________________________
• Achieved through:1.2.3.
Discovery & Description• ______________
• Includes _________ located & investigated
_______ described & classified
______ chronologies formulated
_____________ ________________
Explanation• Seek to ___________ explanations based _________________________ results
• ‘Understanding why things are the way they are.’
Understanding Human BehaviorContribute to ________________
• _________________________ Subsistence strategies How is this achieved?
• ________________ Cultural & social change Use of technology
Branches of Archaeology • Based on time period and/or geographical area
• Divisions: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Archaeological Record
Learning Objectives1. Understand how archaeologists gather
information about past cultures.2. Understand how the archaeological
process works, and the ways archaeologists use science to explore how people lived in the past.
3. Describe how studies of material culture can serve as a form of data to improve knowledge about human behavioral variability in past and contemporary societies
Doing Archaeology• Locating Sites• Excavation• Dating Techniques• Artifact Analysis• Site & Regional Synthesis
Survey• ________________________
Possible location of site Ground, aerial, GPR, GIS
Excavation • _______________________
Removal of soil deposits and other materials
Interpreting the Past • _________________________
Ecological niches Can the environment influence population size? How so?
• _______________________ Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, & States
Interpreting the Past Subsistence Strategies
Food Collectors Food Producers
Foragers Pastoralists Horticulturists & Agriculturists
_____ ___________
Interpreting the Past • Human societies
Remember Morgan, Radcliffe-Brown, Malinowski, Boas….
• After WWII Archaeological & ethnographic information Considered:
1. 2.
Interpreting the Past: Social Organization Bands:
_____
_______________
Interpreting the Past: Social Organization Tribes:
_______
____
Interpreting the Past: Social Organization • Chiefdoms:
• States: stratified society, defined territory, governmental institutions
Empires:
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?• Artifact
Any movable object that has been __________________________________
• Stone, bone, metal tools; beads & other ornaments, pottery, artwork, religious & sacred items
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?• Ecofact
Artifacts that ____________________
• _______________________
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?• Midden
_______________________________ Consists of sediment
• Food remains & discarded artifacts
Interpreting the Past: What are Material Remains?• Feature
______________________
• Hearths, pits, or house floors
• Reveal information ______________
Interpreting the Past: Importance of Context
• An artifact’s context __________________where it was found How it relates to other artifacts around it
• Why is context important? 1. 2.